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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NEXAFS multiple scattering calculations of KO2 (2001)
    Chester : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Journal of synchrotron radiation 8 (2001), S. 719-721 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5775
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Since many years the oxidation of alkali metals has being attracted much interest due to the catalytic properties of metal promoters and the simple electronic structure of alkali atoms. The alkali-oxides phase diagram indicates that the interaction of oxygen with alkali metals can lead to the formation of different atomic O2- ions and molecular O2- and O22- ions. Potassium superoxide has been prepared in situ and high resolution O k-edge absorption NEXAFS spectra have been measured at the VUV beam-line at ELETTRA facility. The experimental data have been analyzed by multiple scattering approach deriving many geometrical and electronic details. In particular, we have found that the growth material structure is of the KO2 type with an O-O distance of about 1.35Å and that the transition involving single π molecular empty state of the superoxide O2- anion has a fine structure. Multiple Scattering self consistent calculation indicates that the bond between oxygen anion and K atom is totally ionic and that the fine structure is essentially due to solid state effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0909049501000206
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chronic Osteomyelitis in Childhood: Is Surgery Always Indicated? (2000)
    Springer
    Infection 28 (2000), S. 282-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Keywords: Key Words Chronic ; Osteomyelitis ; Therapy ; Children ; Ewing's sarcoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Background: Presently, most children with chronic osteomyelitis undergo surgery with the inherent risk of damage to their growth plate. We demonstrate a treatment regimen based on imaging procedures focussing on antibiotics in order to reduce the rate of surgical interventions. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated all 11 patients with clinically suspected chronic osteomyelitis who were treated at our institution from 1989 to 1995. Patients underwent open biopsy and surgical treatment only if imaging procedures showed signs indistinguishable from malignancy, or if they were highly suggestive for the presence of pus, joint infection or osteonecrosis. The patients were followed up for a minimum of 3 years. Results: All five patients treated solely with antibiotics recovered completely. Three patients were subjected to open biopsy and surgical treatment since they showed radiological signs indistinguishable from malignancy, and two patients due to pus or osteonecrosis. In follow-up, there was one relapse of chronic osteomyelitis 11 months after the first treatment course with surgery and antibiotics. One patient suffering from Ewing's sarcoma as detected by open biopsy was excluded. Conclusion: Our diagnostic procedure was useful to reduce the rate of surgery. Surgical treatment of chronic osteomyelitis is not always neccessary especially in cases of missing necrosis, joint infection and abscess as demonstrated by the complete recovery of our patients treated solely with antibiotics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s150100070020
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Standardizing the Evaluation of Treatment Outcomes After Skin Rejuvenation: The Qualitative Scoring System (2000)
    Springer
    Aesthetic plastic surgery 24 (2000), S. 165-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5241
    Keywords: Key words: Scoring system—Skin rejuvenation—Treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Current treatments to correct and reverse diseased or aged skin yield widely divergent results. Judging the outcome of such treatments is done in an arbitrary and subjective fashion that is often limited to a patient's feedback or the physician's opinion. This makes it difficult for inter-physician or physician-patient agreement as to the degree of improvement achieved. In an age where skin rejuvenation is being widely practiced, a tremendous void needs to be filled by a system that appropriately evaluates and scores treatment outcomes. Such a system will help physicians communicate better in lectures, help them to better assess the results of various treatment modalities, and facilitate patient-doctor communication. The objective of this paper is to present a standardized scoring system against which skin rejuvenation results can be judged. This system is based on a model of healthy skin that can be defined by practical criteria against which patients can be judged pre- and post-skin rejuvenation procedures. A gold standard for healthy skin (baby skin) is established from a clinical, functional, and histologic perspective. Each patient's skin is compared with the healthy skin model and graded before and after treatment by implementing our scoring system which encompasses objective and subjective criteria. Objective criteria include the following skin characteristics: smoothness, firmness, even coloration, normal texture, and absence of any clinically evident disease. Subjective criteria include proper hydration and normal tolerance, and are not considered in the final scoring. Grading of each element in the scoring system [minimal (1), average (2), maximal (3)], and subsequently the final score [excellent (12 to 15), average (7 to 11), poor (〈7)] are done with reference to the healthy skin model defined. The scoring system is novel and easy to use, and can be implemented to help improve communication between physicians and patients as well as during the dissemination of knowledge during medical conferences. In conclusion, treatment end-results can be consistently and more accurately assessed when the scoring system (based on objective criteria and a model of healthy skin) is used. Adopting this protocol will also help in directing our treatment to achieve the best possible results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002660010027
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Schmerztherapie bei akuten pädiatrischen Erkrankungen und Impfungen (2000)
    Springer
    Der Schmerz 14 (2000), S. 319-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2129
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Schmerz ; Kinder ; Impfung ; Verbrennung ; Injektion ; Keywords Pain ; Children ; Vaccination ; Burn ; Injection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Phenomenon pain. While pain is one of the main reasons for an unscheduled visit to the paediatrician, pain due to painful procedures is of major importance in scheduled visits. Actual pain therapy is illustrated in the treatment of burns. Incomplete analgesia may have an unfavourable impact on morbidity and mortality. The pain score does not correlate with the extent of the burned area, and is regularly underestimated. General anaesthesia or analgo-sedation are warranted during the care of the burned patient. Unsufficient analgesia. Consequence of insufficient analgesia during primary care is an increased need of analgesics, and an increased pain treatment failure rate during subsequent procedures. Pain is interfering with anxiety, sleep disturbancies and post-tramatic psychologic alterations. All those symptoms must be treated adequately. Acute illness and injections. This article covers pain from otitis media, pharyngitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, purpura fulminans, Toxic Epidermal Nekrolysis, as well as the usage of local anaesthesia during injections, not to forget the application of non-pharmacologic methods for pain therapy and prophylaxis.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Phänomen Schmerz. Das Phänomen “Schmerz” begleitet fast alltäglich den Kontakt zwischen Arzt und krankem Kind. Auf der einen Seite sind Schmerzen der häufigste Grund für eine ungeplante Kinderarztkonsultation, auf der anderen Seite sind bei geplanten Kinderarztbesuchen häufig schmerzhafte Prozeduren durchzuführen. Anhand der starken Schmerzen bei den im Kleinkindalter häufigen Verbrennungen werden schmerztherapeutische Prinzipien konkretisiert: Schmerztherapeutische Prinzipien. Unzureichende Analgesie kann Morbidität und Mortalität ungünstig beeinflussen. Das Schmerzmaß korreliert nicht mit der Ausdehnung der Verbrennung und wird vom Behandler regelmäßig unterschätzt. In vielen Fällen der Erstversorgung sind Allgemeinanästhesie oder Analgosedierung gerechtfertigt, ähnliches gilt für den Verbandwechsel. Ungenügende Analgesie bei der Erstversorgung führt zu erhöhtem Analgetikaverbrauch und schmerztherapeutischen Misserfolgen bei Folgeeingriffen. Wechselwirkungen zwischen Schmerzen und anderen Symptomen wie Angst, Schlafstörungen oder postraumatischen psychischen Veränderungen sind zu beachten und adäquat zu therapieren. Akute Erkrankungen + Injektionen. Weiter wird auf Schmerzen bei Otitis media, Pharyngitis, Guillain-Barré-Syndrom, Purpura Fulminans und Toxischer Epidermaler Nekrolyse sowie den Einsatz von Lokalanästhetika bei Injektionen eingegangen. Schließlich haben auch nicht pharmakologische Methoden ihren Platz in Schmerztherapie und Prophylaxe.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004820070019
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological stability of postconsumer PET/HDPE blends (2000)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 45 (2000), S. 295-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The morphological stability and the mechanical properties of postconsumer polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and high density polyethylene (HDPE), at different composition with and without compatibilizer were investigated. The blends were prepared in an internal mixer and in a twin screw-extruder at different stretching ratio. For uncompatibilized blends, (previously prepared by extrusion), the particle size of the dispersed phase increases after being reprocessed in an internal mixer. However, in the case of compatibilized blend the particle size remains constant. Consequently, the compatibilizer reduces interfacial mobility, coalescence effects and stabilizes the morphology. The mechanical properties are also modified by the presence of the compatibilizer, mainly the elongation at break.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002890070034
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-Term Cardiovascular Effects of High “Osteoprotective” Dose Levels of 17β-Estradiol in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (2000)
    Springer
    Cardiovascular drugs and therapy 14 (2000), S. 303-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7241
    Keywords: female spontaneously hypertensive rats ; estrogens ; arterial stiffness
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of estrogen replacement therapy in menopausal women are more obvious on bones than on the cardiovascular system. The optimal estrogen dosage may differ in these different parts of the body. In hypertensive rats, low doses have been shown to reduce arterial collagen and stiffness, whereas higher dosages are required for osteoprotection. From 4 to 20 weeks of age, female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were divided into four groups: without ovariectomy, under placebo or 17β-estradiol (10 μg/kg/day), and with ovariectomy under either placebo or 17β-estradiol (same dosage). Serial tail systolic blood pressure measurements were performed, and histomorphometry of the thoracic aorta was determined at the end of the study. Under estrogen, blood pressure was unchanged, whereas the aortic wall–to–lumen ratio was increased, particularly in the presence of ovariectomy. The elastin to collagen ratio was significantly decreased, due both to a decrease in elastin and an increase in collagen density, with no change in media thickness. The latter findings were not observed when ovariectomy was performed. Independent of changes in wall stress, high-dose estrogen increases the aortic extracellular matrix in female SHRs. This increase may be reversed in the presence of ovariectomy, suggesting that estrogen was not the only gonadal factor responsible for altered vascular structure and function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007834708642
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