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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 115 (2001), S. 9764-9770 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We present experimental and theoretical results on rotational distributions of CO+(B 2Σ+) photoions. Rotational distributions were determined for both the v+=0 and v+=1 vibrational levels following photoionization of cold (T0(approximate)9 K) neutral CO target molecules. Data were generated using dispersed ionic fluorescence over a wide range of photoelectron kinetic energies, 0≤Ek≤120 eV, which allows one to interrogate the ionization dynamics. This wide spectral coverage permits illustrative comparisons with theory, and calculated spectra are presented to interpret the data. In particular, the comparison between theory and experiment serves to identify the strong continuum resonant enhancement at hνexc(approximate)35 eV in the l=3 partial wave of the 4σ→kσ ionization channel, as this feature has profound effects on the ion rotational distributions over a wide range of energy. Second, there are differences between the rotational substructure for the v+=0 and v+=1 vibrational levels. All of the experimentally observed features and trends are reproduced by theory, and the consequences of these comparisons are discussed. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 114 (2001), S. 4496-4504 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We present results on the energy dependence of the vibrational branching ratio for the bending mode in CO2 3σu−1 photoionization. Specifically, we determine the v+=(0,1,0)/v+=(0,0,0) intensity ratio by detecting dispersed fluorescence from the electronically excited photoions. The results exhibit large deviations over a very wide energy range, 18〈hνexc〈190 eV. Production of the v+=(0,1,0) level of the ion from the v0=(0,0,0) ground state is forbidden by symmetry, and while observations of such features are well established in photoelectron spectroscopy, their appearance is normally ascribed to vibronic coupling in the ionic hole state. In this case, we find that such explanations fail to account for the energy dependence of the branching ratio. These deviations indicate that the continuum photoelectron participates in transferring oscillator strength to the nominally forbidden vibrational transition. A theoretical framework is developed for interpreting the experimental data, and Schwinger variational calculations are performed. These calculations demonstrate that the continuum electron is responsible for the observation of the excited bending mode as well as its energy dependence. This is an intrachannel effect that is best described as photoelectron-induced vibronic symmetry breaking. This appears to be a general phenomenon, and it may be useful in illuminating connections between bond angle and photoionization spectroscopies. The magnitude of these deviations display the utility of vibrationally resolved studies, and the extent over which these changes occur underscores the necessity of broad range studies to elucidate slowly varying characteristics in photoionization continua. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 113 (2000), S. 899-902 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We report on excitation of the bending vibration following 3σu−1 photoionization of CO2. Dispersed fluorescence is used to determine the v+=(0,1,0)/v+=(0,0,0) ratio over the range 18≤hνexc≤190 eV. The results demonstrate that the bending excitation varies over this wide range, and is influenced by the photoelectron. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The NEAR-Shoemaker spacecraft was designed to provide a comprehensive characterization of the S-type asteroid 433 Eros (refs 1,2,3), an irregularly shaped body with approximate dimensions of 34 × 13 × 13 km. Following the completion of its ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Haemophilia 8 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2516
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary.  Manufacturers of human therapeutic proteins derived from biological sources continuously strive to improve the pathogen safety profiles of these products. Efforts to improve pathogen safety margins for these biological products are directed towards several areas within the manufacturing processes including: (a) sourcing and screening of raw materials (b) determining the potential for manufacturing processes to reduce pathogen titres, and (c) incorporating methods designed specifically to remove or inactivate contaminating pathogens. Methods that could potentially reduce pathogen titres are a major focus for many manufacturers. In general, these methods are grouped into two categories, pathogen clearance and pathogen inactivation. Assessments are performed on small-scale, laboratory simulations of the manufacturing process of interest that are spiked with a known amount of a selected pathogen. These studies provide estimates of the potential for a process step to remove or inactivate a particular pathogen. There are several pathogen clearance/inactivation methods that are inherent in manufacturing processes, however, some methods are intentionally incorporated into manufacturing for the sole purpose of reducing putative pathogen titres. Not only are well-known pathogens such as viruses targeted, but also suspected pathogens such as those associated with the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). The production processes for the isolation of several biological products, including recombinant KOGENATE® Bayer (Kogenate®FS), have been evaluated for the ability to reduce pathogen titres and/or have been designed to incorporate methods for reducing potential pathogen safety risks. Several processing steps with the potential to reduce pathogen titres have been identified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1525-1314
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Granulite facies rocks from the northernmost Harts Range Complex (Arunta Inlier, central Australia) have previously been interpreted as recording a single clockwise cycle of presumed Palaeoproterozoic metamorphism (800–875 °C and 〉9–10 kbar) and subsequent decompression in a kilometre-scale, E-W striking zone of noncoaxial, high-grade (c. 700–735 °C and 5.8–6.4 kbar) deformation. However, new SHRIMP U-Pb age determinations of zircon, monazite and titanite from partially melted metabasites and metapelites indicate that granulite facies metamorphism occurred not in the Proterozoic, but in the Ordovician (c. 470 Ma).The youngest metamorphic zircon overgrowths from two metabasites (probably meta-volcaniclastics) yield 206Pb/238U ages of 478±4 Ma and 471±7 Ma, whereas those from two metapelites yield ages of 463±5 Ma and 461±4 Ma. Monazite from the two metapelites gave ages equal within error to those from metamorphic zircon rims in the same rock (457±5 Ma and 462±5 Ma, respectively). Zircon, and possibly monazite ages are interpreted as dating precipitation of these minerals from crystallizing melt within leucosomes. In contrast, titanite from the two metabasites yield 206Pb/238U ages that are much younger (411±5 Ma & 417±7 Ma, respectively) than those of coexisting zircon, which might indicate that the terrane cooled slowly following final melt crystallization. One metabasite has a second titanite population with an age of 384±7 Ma, which reflects titanite growth and/or recrystallization during the 400–300 Ma Alice Springs Orogeny. The c. 380 Ma titanite age is indistinguishable from the age of magmatic zircon from a small, late and weakly deformed plug of biotite granite that intruded the granulites at 387±4 Ma. These data suggest that the northern Harts Range has been subject to at least two periods of reworking (475–460 Ma & 400–300 Ma) during the Palaeozoic.Detrital zircon from the metapelites and metabasites, and inherited zircon from the granite, yield similar ranges of Proterozoic ages, with distinct age clusters at c. 1300–1000 and c. 650 Ma. These data imply that the deposition ages of the protoliths to the Harts Range Complex are late Neoproterozoic or early Palaeozoic, not Palaeoproterozoic as previously assumed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 984-991 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Charge exchange between xenon ions and xenon atoms is the source of a detrimental low energy plasma in the vicinity of electrostatic spacecraft thrusters. Proper modeling of charge-exchange induced spacecraft interactions requires knowledge of the respective charge-exchange cross sections. Guided-ion beam measurements and semiclassical calculations are presented for xenon atom charge-exchange collisions with Xe+ and Xe2+ at energies per ion charge ranging from 1 to 300 eV. The present measurements for the symmetric Xe++Xe exchange system are in good agreement with several earlier experimental studies and semiclassical calculations based on the most recently computed Xe2+ interaction potentials. The cross sections are ∼30% higher than predictions by the Rapp and Francis model [D. Rapp and W. E. Francis, J. Chem. Phys. 37, 2631 (1962)]. The present Xe2++Xe symmetric charge exchange measurements are the first to cover the ion energy range from 40 to 600 eV. The cross sections are in good agreement with low-energy drift tube measurements and are significantly lower than previous higher energy measurements. A simple model for symmetric two-electron transfer is proposed that is in good agreement with the present measurements. The onset for the asymmetric charge-exchange process, Xe2++Xe→2Xe+, is observed to be at 10 eV. For this process, a cross section of 2.8±0.9 Å2 is measured for a Xe2+ energy of 600 eV. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Immunological reviews 185 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-065X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary: For centuries the thymus remained an enigmatic organ with unknown functions. The first demonstration of its crucial role in establishing the development of a normal immune system was provided in 1961, when it was shown that mice thymectomized immediately after birth had poorly developed lymphoid tissues, impaired immune responses and inordinate susceptibility to intercurrent infections. Although thymus lymphocytes were believed to be immunoincompetent, it was shown in 1967 that they could respond to antigen by proliferating and giving rise to a progeny of cells that could not produce antibody, but enabled other lymphocytes, derived from bone marrow, to differentiate to antibody-forming cells. This was the first unequivocal demonstration, in mammalian species, of the existence of two major interacting subsets of lymphocytes, T and B cells. It required a re-evaluation of many immunological phenomena, such as tolerance, memory and autoimmunity, and it was followed by an avalanche of work elucidating many of the mysteries of the immune system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1365-2214
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Background  We were concerned that information held on a register of children with cerebral palsy was not being made available to contributing families, and that the existence and purpose of the register was not sufficiently understood.Methods  Focused interviews with 13 families selected by purposive sampling.Results  Many parents would like more information about the data on registers which include their child. They would also like to be more involved in the design of the register and its reports, but there are practical difficulties in making time available for such activity. Although parents were surprised that they had not already been given more information about the existence and purpose of the register, none were resentful that their child's name was on the register once they were reassured about confidentiality and database security. Parents also had general concerns unrelated to the register which were about their need to be treated as equals by professionals, to have more information about equipment and to have earlier and clearer diagnoses.Conclusions  Registers of children with uncommon conditions have well-established roles in epidemiology, planning and research. By fully involving parents in ways suggested by this study, registers can also empower parents. The study should also provide reassurance to those who hold such registers without explicit consent that the requirement to now obtain consent should not create resentment or jeopardize completeness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Utilitas 15 (2003), S. 119-121 
    ISSN: 0953-8208
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Philosophy
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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