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  • 2000-2004  (3)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular cloning and linkage analysis of complement C3 and C4 genes of the Japanese medaka fish (2000)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 51 (2000), S. 117-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Keywords: Key words Complement ; C3 ; C4 ; Medaka fish ; Linkage analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The thioester-containing complement components, C3 and C4, are believed to have arisen by gene duplication from a common ancestor, and the mammalian C4 gene resides in the vicinity of the C2 and B genes within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class III region. To analyze the evolution of both the complement system and the MHC, we determined the complete primary structures of two C3 genes, termed Orla C3-1 and Orla C3-2, and one C4 gene, termed Orla C4, of a teleost, Japanese medaka fish (Oryzias latipes), by analyzing cDNA clones isolated from a liver library constructed using the inbred AA2 strain. The deduced basic structures of Orla C3-1, C3-2, and C4, such as the subunit chain structure, the thioester site, and the proteolytic activation site, are similar to their mammalian counterparts. However, the catalytic His residue which greatly increases the rate of thioester reaction, is replaced by Ala in Orla C3-2, implying functional differentiation between two C3 molecules. Mapping analysis revealed a close linkage between the C3-1 and C3-2 genes, indicating that they arose by a local duplication rather than by a genome-wide tetraploidization. The C4 gene belongs to a different linkage group, and no linkage was observed among the C3, C4, Bf/C2, MHC class I, and MHC class II loci. These results suggest that the MHC class III complement region was established in the tetrapod lineage, or lost in the teleost lineage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002510050020
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induction of eotaxin production by interleukin-4, interleukin-13 and lipopolysaccharide by nasal fibroblasts (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 34 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background There is growing evidence that eotaxin is a key mediator in the development of tissue eosinophilia. Fibroblasts are a major source of eotaxin. The severity of diseases with eosinophilic inflammation like nasal polyposis, atopic dermatitis and asthma, where Th2-type cytokines (IL-4 and IL-13) and TGF-β are expressed locally, was shown to correlate with bacterial factors such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) rather than allergen.Objective We examined eotaxin production by nasal fibroblasts stimulated with IL-4 or IL-13 alone or in combination with LPS, and the effect of TGF-β1 on it. Moreover, we compared the magnitude of eotaxin produced by nasal fibroblasts with that produced by lung or skin fibroblasts.Methods Fibroblast lines were established from human biopsy tissue. The expression of eotaxin mRNA was evaluated by RT-PCR. The amount of eotaxin in the supernatants was measured by ELISA.Results IL-4, but not IL-13, synergized with LPS to produce eotaxin in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Sequential treatment of nasal fibroblasts with IL-4 and LPS did not have any effect. But when IL-4 and LPS were added together, synergy for eotaxin production was observed. Moreover, this synergy was observed in nasal and skin fibroblasts, but not in lung fibroblasts. The production of eotaxin by IL-4 and LPS was modulated by TGF-β1.Conclusion These results suggest that a co-stimulus like LPS is necessary for IL-4 to make a strong induction of eotaxin in eosinophilic inflammations such as nasal polyposis. Modulation by TGF-β1 may have important implications for the development of eosinophilic inflammation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.1954.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential expression of dihydropyrimidinase-related protein genes in developing and adult enteric nervous system (2000)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 113 (2000), S. 37-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Dihydropyrimidinase-related proteins (DRPs) are involved in axonal outgrowth and pathfinding. However, little is known about their significance in the enteric nervous system (ENS), the largest and most complex division of the peripheral nervous system. Using in situ hybridization (ISH) and northern blotting, we examined mRNA expression of DRP-1–4 transcripts in the developing and adult mouse digestive tract and in the adult human colon. ISH detected the mouse DRP-3 transcript in the developing ENS on embryonic day (E)12 and at the later stages as well as in the adult intestine. Mouse DRP-1 and -2 transcripts appeared at E14. DRP-2 transcript was also detected in the adult intestine although DRP-1 expression was lower in the adult. DRP-4 gene was not expressed in the ENS during development or adulthood whereas the signal was apparent in the developing and adult central nervous system (CNS). The DRP expression pattern in the human colon was similar to that of the mouse large intestine. Northern blot analysis showed that DRPs were differentially expressed in the mouse and human intestines, supporting the results of ISH. These data suggest that DRPs play a role not only in the CNS but also in the ENS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004180050005
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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