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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 1069-1074 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Due to the development of reliable H− ion sources, charge-exchange injection into circular accelerators has become routine. For preacceleration of heavy ions tandem generators with a stripping foil are used in order to double the energy with the same high voltage. This article reviews recent developments in negative hydrogen ion sources. The underlying physics, operating parameters, and beam characteristics of selected sources will be described and compared. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 73 (2002), S. 900-902 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An intensive study has been made at DESY of the transition region between the plasma and vacuum, the so-called sheath, of rf sources for negative hydrogen ions. The plasma and sheath have been analyzed with Langmuir probes even at extraction at 35 kV, with different geometric arrangements utilizing specially designed collars. Langmuir probes were installed in one of the collars. The use of a long ceramic insulated Langmuir probe made a three-dimensional analysis possible. The density, temperature, and potential of the plasma have been calculated based on these data. These studies have resulted in a better understanding of the transition region of not just rf sources but also of magnetron and Penning sources. Studies with a nine-ring collar made it possible to develop a design with a new method to dump the electrons and deliver an increased negative hydrogen current. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishers Inc
    Computational intelligence 17 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: This paper introduces an application of a particular form of rough neural computing in signal analysis. The form of rough neural network used in this study is based on rough sets, rough membership functions, and decision rules. Two forms of neurons are found in such a network: rough membership function neurons and decider neurons. Each rough membership function neuron constructs upper and lower approximation equivalence classes in response to input signals as an aid to classifying inputs. In this paper, the output of a rough membership function neuron results from the computation performed by a rough membership function in determining degree of overlap between an upper approximation set representing approximate knowledge about inputs and a set of measurements representing certain knowledge about a particular class of objects. Decider neurons implement granules derived from decision rules extracted from data sets using rough set theory. A decider neuron instantiates approximate reasoning in assessing rough membership function values gleaned from input data. An introduction to the basic concepts underlying rough membership neural networks is briefly given. An application of rough neural computing in classifying the power system faults is considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Child 30 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2214
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Background  The aim of this study was to conduct an audit of parent/carer satisfaction with the service provided for children presenting with movement difficulties [developmental co-ordination disorder (DCD)/dyspraxia] at the out-patient physiotherapy clinic of a specialist tertiary referral paediatric hospital.Method  A postal questionnaire was used to obtain objective and subjective data on the service offered. Factual information on aspects such as waiting time for first appointment, type of intervention offered, etc. was checked against clinical records. Satisfaction with the service was assessed using ratings and open-ended comment.Results  Forty-five families completed the questionnaire. The results showed that the service was generally rated highly. The opportunity to discuss the child's problems and its implications was considered valuable. Among families offered 1 : 1 intervention, a statistically significant correlation emerged between the number of sessions attended and perceived effectiveness. Among families offered a home programme, perceived effectiveness was related to the number of times per week the child practised the programme.Conclusions  This study showed that many children from mainstream schools with co-ordination problems continued to find it difficult to obtain a clear diagnosis. Once a referral and assessment had been achieved, however, parents/carers were shown to be satisfied with the package offered by this service provider.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 34 (2001), S. 493-495 
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The thermal diffuse scattering (TDS) correction developed by Popa & Willis [Acta Cryst. (1997), A53, 537–545] for single-crystal pulsed neutron diffraction is examined via a series of experimental data sets collected at the spallation neutron source IPNS. The effect on the derived temperature parameter values is assessed and compared with reference structures obtained from gamma-ray diffraction. The importance of carrying out TDS corrections is emphasized. Suggestions are made regarding the method of evaluation of the TDS in situations where the elastic constants are unknown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Isolated rabbit lung ; Haematocrit ; Haemoconcentration ; Haemodilution ; Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction ; Pulmonary blood volume ; Pulmonary circulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: Erythrocytes influence the magnitude of hypoxia-induced pulmonary artery pressure increase. It is, however, unknown to what extent haemoconcentration and haemodilution affect this response and whether intrapulmonary blood volume (and thus vessel dimensions) alters the magnitude of pressure increase. Furthermore, it is unclear whether the haemodilution/haemoconcentration-dependent pressure increase is flow-related, via flow-dependent changes in vasomotor tone or rheologic effects, or can also be observed under no-flow conditions. Design: Experimental study in isolated rabbit lungs (n = 12) perfused with autologous blood at constant flow (100 ml/min) and ventilated with 5 % carbon dioxide in air. Setting: Laboratory for experimental studies. Interventions: Haemoconcentration (centrifugation) and haemodilution (Krebs-Henseleit/albumin) were carried out, resulting in haematocrits between 50 % and 0 %. During hypoxic ventilation, inspiratory oxygen fraction was reduced from 0.20 to 0.03. Measurements and results: Under constant flow conditions, haemodilution (from a Hct of 34–36 % to 0–1 %) decreased hypoxic pulmonary artery pressure response to one-third (from 10.8 ± 2.3 cmH2O to 3.1 ± 1.0 cmH2O, P 〈 0.05), while haemoconcentration did not affect the magnitude of hypoxic response (10.5 ± 2.0 cmH2O). For all haematocrit values an increase in pulmonary blood volume (by 5 ml) decreased the magnitude of pressure response. Hypoxia-induced changes in static vascular filling pressure (double occlusion pressure) and vascular compliance were used to assess the strength of hypoxic vasoconstriction under static conditions. Neither haemoconcentration nor haemodilution altered hypoxia-induced changes in either variable. Conclusions: The magnitude of the acute hypoxic pressure response is not altered by haemoconcentration, but significantly reduced by haemodilution. In contrast, neither haemoconcentration nor haemodilution influenced hypoxia-induced changes in static vascular filling pressure and compliance. This suggests that the degree of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction is not affected under static conditions and that the red blood cell-dependence of the magnitude of hypoxic pressure response is based on flow-related mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques 14 (2000), S. 1098-1102 
    ISSN: 1432-2218
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Protoplasma 211 (2000), S. 20-28 
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Anaphase-promoting complex ; Proteolysis ; Skpl-cullin-F-box complex ; Ubiquitin ; von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Cullins are a recently identified protein family whose founder member, CUL-1, controls cell proliferation inCaenorhabditis elegans and which is conserved from yeasts to humans. Cullins have been found to be subunits of three different protein complexes: the Skpl-cullin-F-box complex (SCF), the anaphase-promoting complex (APC), and the CUL-2 elongin B/C-pVHL complex (CBCVHL). The SCF and the APC control progression through the cell cycle by mediating ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis of regulatory proteins. The CBCVHL complex has been identified through characterization of one of its subunits, the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor protein (pVHL). The function of CBCVHL is unknown, but recent observations raise the possibility that also this complex is a component of the ubiquitin system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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