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  • 1
    ISSN: 0066-4286
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Biology
    Notes: Awareness of crop biosecurity and phytosanitation has been heightened since 9/11 and the unresolved anthrax releases in October 2001. Crops are highly vulnerable to accidental or deliberate introductions of crop pathogens from outside U.S. borders. Strategic thinking about protection against deliberate or accidental release of a plant pathogen is an urgent priority. Rapid detection will be the key to success. This review summarizes recent progress in the development of rapid real-time PCR protocols and evaluates their effectiveness in a proposed nationwide network of diagnostic laboratories that will facilitate rapid diagnostics and improved communication.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 81 (2002), S. 7-9 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We describe two- and three-dimensional imaging of a flip-chip silicon integrated circuit using backside optical probing and femtosecond two-photon excitation at a laser wavelength of 1.275 μm. Using a ×50 microscope objective, we typically achieved micron resolutions or better in both lateral and axial directions. Using axial scanning and a peak-detection algorithm we have demonstrated optical depth profiling across components on the chip. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 17 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  Severe hypophosphataemia associated with refeeding syndrome requires treatment with intravenous phosphate to prevent potentially life-threatening complications. However, evidence for replacement regimens is limited and current regimens are complex and replace phosphate inadequately.Aim:  To assess the effectiveness and safety of 50 mmol intravenous phosphate infusion, given as a ‘Phosphates Polyfusor’, for the treatment of severe hypophosphataemia in refeeding syndrome.Methods:  Patients with refeeding syndrome and normal renal function received a Phosphates Polyfusor infusion for the treatment of severe hypophosphataemia (〈 0.50 mmol/L). The outcome measures were serial serum phosphate, creatinine and calcium concentrations for 4 days following phosphate infusion and adverse events.Results:  Over 2 years, 30 patients were treated. Following treatment, 37% of cases had a normal serum phosphate concentration and 73% had a serum phosphate concentration of 〉 0.5 mmol/L within 24 h. Ten patients required more than one Phosphates Polyfusor infusion. Within 72 h, 93% of cases had achieved a serum phosphate concentration of ≥ 0.50 mmol/L. No patient developed renal failure. Three episodes of transient mild hyperphosphataemia were recorded. Four patients developed mild hypocalcaemia.Conclusions:  This is the largest published series of the use of intravenous phosphate for the treatment of severe hypophosphataemia (〈 0.50 mmol/L), and is the most effective regimen described. All patients had refeeding syndrome and were managed on general wards.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Interannual, seasonal, and regional variation in the diet of porpoises, Phocoena phocoena, in Scottish (UK) waters was studied using stomach contents of animals stranded between 1992 and 2003. Most samples came from the east coast (including many porpoises killed by bottlenose dolphins), with smaller numbers from the west coast and from Shetland. The most important prey types, in terms of contribution by number and mass, were whiting (Merlangius merlangus) and sand eels (Ammodytidae). Multivariate analysis confirmed the existence of regional, seasonal, and interannual variation in diet, as well as differences (i. e., biases) related to cause of death. These differences were further explored using univariate analyses. Sand eels were more important in the summer months (quarters 2 and 3) and on the east coast, whereas gadids were more important in winter and in the Shetland area. Some, but not all, observed trends in the numerical importance and size of prey taken were consistent with trends in abundance and size of fish taken during research trawl surveys. There was some evidence that porpoises 〈1 yr old took more gobies (Gobiidae) and shrimps than did older porpoises. Clupeids (herring Clupea harengus and sprat Sprattus sprattus) formed a relatively small proportion of the diet, but their importance varied from year to year. Although possible methodological biases prevent firm conclusions, it appears that the importance of clupeids in porpoise diet may have decreased since the 1960s, mirroring the decline in North Sea herring abundance. The recovery of the North Sea herring stock in recent years is not as yet reflected in porpoise diet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Corticosteroid — Risedronate — Calcium — Vitamin D — BMD
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Men and women (n = 518) receiving moderate-to-high doses of corticosteroids were enrolled in two studies with similar protocols and randomly assigned to receive either placebo or risedronate (2.5 or 5 mg) for 1 year. All patients received daily calcium supplementation (500–1000 mg), and most also received supplemental vitamin D (400 IU). The primary endpoint was the difference between the placebo and active groups in lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) at 1 year; changes in BMD at other sites, biochemical markers of bone turnover, and the incidence of vertebral fractures were also assessed. In the overall population, the mean (SE) lumbar spine BMD increased 1.9 ± 0.38% from baseline in the risedronate 5 mg group (P 〈 0.001) and decreased 1.0 ± 0.4% in the placebo group (P= 0.005). BMD at the femoral neck, trochanter, and distal radius increased or was maintained with risedronate 5 mg treatment, but decreased in the placebo group. Midshaft radius BMD did not change significantly in either treatment group. The difference in BMD between the risedronate 5 mg and placebo groups was significant at all skeletal sites (P 〈 0.05) except the midshaft radius at 1 year. The 2.5 mg dose also had a positive effect on BMD, although of a lesser magnitude than that seen with risedronate 5 mg. A significant reduction of 70% in vertebral fracture risk was observed in the risedronate 5 mg group compared with the placebo group (P= 0.01). Risedronate was efficacious in both men and women, irrespective of underlying disease and duration of corticosteroid therapy, and had a favorable safety profile, with a similar incidence of upper gastrointestinal adverse events in the placebo and active treatment groups. Daily treatment with risedronate 5 mg significantly increases BMD and decreases vertebral fracture risk in patients receiving moderate-to-high doses of corticosteroid therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 139 (2000), S. 570-583 
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The only significant silicate intrusive rock type in the Dicker Willem carbonatite complex is trachyte, forming, in places, an anastomosing array of minor intrusions cutting basement gneiss close to the carbonatite contact. Bodies are predominantly composite breccias, composed of trachyte clasts, commonly in the form of ellipsoidal pellets, enclosed within, and sharply delineated from, a matrix of carbonatite. Despite close temporal and spatial relationships to carbonatite magmatism, the ultrapotassic, quartz-normative composition and isotope systematics of the trachytes preclude any genetic derivation from the carbonatitic and ijolitic rocks of the central complex. Sr, Nd and Pb isotope ratios of trachytes strongly resemble those of the highest grade, potassic fenites, whose metasomatic trend converges from the unaltered basement gneiss towards the homogeneous signature of the nepheline sövite–sövite–ijolite suite. Trachytes are interpreted as forming by melting of a cupola of high-grade fenite in response to the advective heat flux from rising carbonatite magma or fluid. Mixed carbonatite and trachyte were emplaced in a fluidised system as contemporaneous, but genetically unrelated, immiscible magmas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Key words:COL1A1 – Collagen – Fracture – Genetic – Osteoporosis – Polymorphism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Previous studies have identified an association between osteoporotic fracture and a polymorphism affecting a Sp1 binding site in the first intron of the collagen type I alpha 1 gene (COL1A1). It is currently unclear, however, whether this association is direct or the result of linkage disequilibrium with other polymorphisms situated nearby. In this study we analyzed the relationship between four well-characterized single-nucleotide polymorphisms at the COL1A1 locus and osteoporotic fracture in 93 patients with vertebral fracture and 88 age-matched controls randomly selected from the community. We studied a Msp I polymorphism 26 kb upstream of the COLIA1 gene, the Sp1 binding site polymorphism in intron 1, a Rsa I polymorphism in intron 5 and a Mnl I polymorphism in exon 52. The Sp1 and Rsa I polymorphisms were in strong linkage disequilibrium (χ2=77.87, p〈0.001) and weaker linkage disequilibrium was detected between the Sp1 and Mnl I polymorphisms (χ2=5.54, p〈0.025). There was a significant association between COL1A1 haplotypes that included the Sp1 and Rsa I polymorphisms and fracture (p〈0.05–0.001), but no association with haplotypes that included only the Msp I and Mnl I polymorphisms. This association with fracture was strongest when haplotypes were grouped by Sp1 alleles (χ2=11.15, d.f. = 1; p= 0.001). Furthermore, logistic regression analysis showed that of all the polymorphisms tested, only the Sp1 binding site polymorphism acted as an independent predictor of fracture: odds ratio [95% CI] = 2.26 [1.09–4.69]. These data suggest that it is the Sp1 polymorphism rather than other polymorphisms at the COL1A1 locus which act as a marker for osteoporotic fractures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Climatic change 45 (2000), S. 163-179 
    ISSN: 1573-1480
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Water managers always have had to cope with climate variability. All water management practices are, to some extent, a response to natural hydrologic variability. Climate change poses a different kind of problem. Adaptation to climate change in water resource management will involve using the kinds of practices and activities currently being used. However, it remains unclear whether or not practices and activities designed with historical climate variability will be able to cope with future variability caused by atmospheric warming. This paper examines the question of adaptation to climate change in the context of Canadian water resources management, emphasizing issues in the context of the Great Lakes, an important binational water resource.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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