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  • 1
    Title: Medicine meets virtual reality 2000 : envisioning healing : interactive technology and the patient-practitioner dialogue; vol. 70
    Contributer: Westwood, James D. , Hoffman, Helene M. , Mogel, Greg T. , Robb, Richard A. , Stredney, Don
    Publisher: Amsterdam u.a. :IOS Press,
    Year of publication: 2000
    Pages: 402 S.
    Series Statement: Studies in health technology and informatics vol. 70
    Type of Medium: Book
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  • 2
    Title: Computational methods for protein folding; 120
    Contributer: Friesner, Richard A.
    Publisher: New York :Wiley,
    Year of publication: 2002
    Pages: XIII, 528 S.
    Series Statement: Advances in chemical physics 120
    ISBN: 0-471-20955-4
    Type of Medium: Book
    Language: German
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  • 3
    Book
    Book
    New York u.a. :Wiley,
    Title: Biomedical imaging, visualization, and analysis
    Author: Robb, Richard A.
    Publisher: New York u.a. :Wiley,
    Year of publication: 2000
    Pages: 339 S.
    Type of Medium: Book
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychological research 63 (2000), S. 183-191 
    ISSN: 1430-2772
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: Abstract The Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) model for human decision-making has been successfully applied to account for response accuracy and response time (RT) data in recent two-choice decision models. A variant of the OU model is shown to arise from the response dynamics of a nonlinear network consisting of randomly connected neural processing units. When feedback control of the network is effected by the stimulus onset, the average network response is an autocorrelated random signal satisfying the stochastic differential equation for the OU process. An alternative, more general, stimulus detection procedure is proposed which involves the use of an adaptive Kalman filter process to track any temporal change in autoregressive parameters. The predicted decision time distributions suggest that both the OU and the Kalman filter processes can serve as alternative models for RT data in experimental tasks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 51 (2000), S. 459-463 
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Key words: Base composition — Skews — Bacterial genomes — Replication orientation — Evolutionary force — Evolutionary rate.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. In many bacterial genomes, the leading and lagging strands have different skews in base composition; for example, an excess of guanosine compared to cytosine on the leading strand. We find that Chlamydia genes that have switched their orientation relative to the direction of replication, for example by inversion, acquire the skew of their new ``host'' strand. In contrast to most evolutionary processes, which have unpredictable effects on the sequence of a gene, replication-related skews reflect a directional evolutionary force that causes predictable changes in the base composition of switched genes, resulting in increased DNA and amino acid sequence divergence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mathematische Annalen 318 (2000), S. 1-42 
    ISSN: 1432-1807
    Keywords: Mathematics Subject Classification (1991): 14J60, 14D20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract. We study the behavior of the Yang-Mills flow for unitary connections on compact and non-compact oriented surfaces with varying metrics. The flow can be used to define a one dimensional foliation on the space of $SU(2)$ representations of a once punctured surface. This foliation universalizes over Teichmüller space and is equivariant with respect to the action of the mapping class group. It is shown how to extend the foliation as a singular foliation over the augmented boundary of Teichmüller space obtained by adding nodal Riemann surfaces. Continuity of this extension is the main result of the paper.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Key words: Nearly neutral variation — Synonymous — Nonsynonymous — Ribosomal RNA — Neutrality tests — Deep-sea chemoautotrophic bivalves
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Nucleotide sequences at two mitochondrial genes from 57 individuals representing eight species of deep-sea clams (Vesicomyidae) were examined for variation consistent with the neutral model of molecular evolution. One gene, cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI), deviated from the expectations of neutrality by containing an excess of intraspecific nonsynonymous polymorphism. Additionally, one species, Calyptogena kilmeri, showed a significant excess of rare polymorphism specifically at the COI locus. In contrast, a second mitochondrial gene, the large-subunit 16S ribosomal RNA gene (16S), showed little deviation from neutrality either between or within species. Together, COI and 16S show no deviation from neutral expectations by the HKA test, produce congruent phylogenetic relationships between species, and show correlated numbers of fixed differences between species and polymorphism within species. These patterns of both neutral and nonneutral evolution within the mitochondrial genome are most consistent with a model where intraspecific nonsynonymous polymorphism at COI is near neutrality. In addition to examining the forces of molecular evolution, we extend hypotheses about interspecific relationships within this family for geographical locations previously unexamined by molecular methods including habitats near the Middle Atlantic, the Aleutian Trench, and Costa Rica.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 115 (2001), S. 2237-2251 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We present a general formalism for polarizable electrostatics based on fluctuating bond-charge increments and polarizable dipoles and its application to a five-site model for water. The parametrization is based largely on quantum-chemical calculations and should be easily transferable to other molecules. To examine basis-set effects we parametrized two models from two sets of quantum calculations, using the aug-cc-pVTZ and aug-cc-pVQZ basis sets. We computed several gas-phase and condensed-phase properties and compared with experiment or ab initio calculations as available. The models are quite similar and give condensed-phase properties at ambient conditions that are in reasonable accord with experiment, but evince errors consistent with a liquid-state dipole moment that is slightly too large. The model fit to the aug-cc-pVTZ basis set has a smaller liquid-phase dipole moment and thus gives a somewhat better description of liquid water at ambient conditions. This model also performs well away from room temperature, deviating less than 2% from the experimental density from 0 to 100 °C, and showing good agreement with experimental radial distribution functions, although the temperature of maximum density (∼20 °C) is slightly too high and the model somewhat underpredicts the persistence of the hydrogen-bond network at elevated temperatures. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 112 (2000), S. 3181-3191 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The spectral cross-correlation method [Jacobson et al., J. Chem. Phys. 107, 8349 (1997)], developed for the identification and extraction of spectroscopic patterns, is extended to the analysis of product-state dynamical data from photofragmentation. Fragment product state vibrational distributions for the photodissociation of ammonia and deuterated ammonia species are extracted. Since chemical isolation of the mixed isotopic parent molecules is prohibited, the photodissociation dynamics of all four parent species (NH3, NH2D, ND2H and ND3) are studied simultaneously at 193.3 nm. The electronic emission spectra from the NH2(A˜ 2A1), ND2(A˜ 2A1), and NHD(A˜ 2A1) fragments are recorded by time-resolved Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Spectral signatures for the photodissociation products from each parent species are extracted by the cross-correlation method. The formalism is derived to extend the spectral cross-correlation method to dynamical reactive product state information. The application of the cross-correlation method to such a system, in which there is significant overlap of the quantum states of the product species from different parent molecules, represents a powerful new tool to extract the dynamical information of reactive chemical processes from a series of complex spectra. As an example, the relative quantum yields for breaking the N–H or N–D bonds of the parent molecules to form the electronically excited state products, as a function of NH2, ND2, and NHD bending vibrational state, are determined with only limited knowledge of the spectroscopic assignments. The application of the spectral cross-correlation method to probe dynamical chemical processes in other types of reactive systems is discussed. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 112 (2000), S. 658-669 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Time-resolved Fourier transform infrared emission spectroscopy is used to measure the nascent rovibrational distribution of low-lying electronically excited NH2(A˜ 2A1) produced in the 193.3 nm photolysis of room-temperature and jet-cooled ammonia. Emission is observed predominantly from NH2(A˜) states with rotational motion about the a-axis and without bending excitation, υ2′=0. A bimodal N′=Ka′ rotational state population distribution is observed with up to Ka′=7 in υ2′=0 and with maxima at Ka′=5 and Ka′=1. We suggest that the bimodal rotational distribution may result from the competition between planar and bent geometries during dissociation. Weaker emission from NH2(A˜) with bending excitation, υ2′=1 and 2, is detected; the υ2′=1, N′=Ka′ rotational state population distribution spans from Ka′=0 to the energetic limit of Ka′=4. The vibrational energy partitioning for the formation of NH2(A˜,υ2′=0):NH2(A˜,υ2′=1) is 3:1 and 2:1 in the room-temperature and jet-cooled conditions, respectively. An upper limit of the NH2(A˜,υ2′=2) population is ∼10% of the total NH2(A˜) photofragments. Emission from rotational states with N′〉Ka′ (molecules with rotational excitation about the b/c-axes) is also observed. Under jet-cooled conditions the NH2(A˜) b/c-axes rotational temperature of ∼120 K is higher than that expected from the rotationally cold parent species and is attributed to a mapping of the zero-point bending motion in the ν4 H–N–H scissors bending coordinate of the NH3(A˜) predissociative state onto the NH2(A˜,υ2′,N′,Ka′)+H photofragments. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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