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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reaction pathways and reaction progress for the smectite-to-chlorite transformation: evidence from hydrothermally altered metabasites (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of metamorphic geology 20 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1525-1314
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The transformation from smectite to chlorite has been interpreted as involving either a disequilibrium chlorite/smectite mixed-layering sequence, or an equilibrated discontinuous sequence involving smectite–corrensite–chlorite. Here, analysis of the smectite to chlorite transition in different geothermal systems leads us to propose that the transformation proceeds via three contrasting reaction pathways involving (i) a continuous mixed-layer chlorite/smectite series; (ii) a discontinuous smectite–corrensite–chlorite series and (iii) a direct smectite to chlorite transition. Such contrasting pathways are not in accord with an equilibrium mineral reaction series, suggesting that these pathways record kinetically controlled reaction progress. In the geothermal systems reviewed the style of reaction pathway and degree of reaction progress is closely correlated with intensity of recrystallization, and not to differences in thermal gradients or clay grain size. This suggests a kinetic effect linked to variation in fluid/rock ratios and/or a contrast between advective or diffusive fluid transport. The mode of fluid transport provides a means by which the rates of dissolution/nucleation/growth can control the reaction style and the reaction progress of the smectite to chlorite transition. Slow rates of growth are linked to the first reaction pathway involving mixed-layering, while increasing rates of growth, relative to nucleation, promote the generation of more ordered structures and ultimately lead to the direct smectite to chlorite transition, representative of the third pathway.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0263-4929.2001.00361.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Achieving activity transitions in physician-patient encounters. (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Human communication research 27 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Media Resources and Communication Sciences, Journalism
    Notes: This article examines how physicians and patients interactionally accomplish the transition from the activity of history taking to that of physical examination. Prior research focuses on participants' reliance on overt verbal resources (e.g., physicians' requests for permission to examine patients or explanations that foreshadow examination). Using the methodology of conversation analysis, this article draws on a corpus of 40 primary-care encounters to demonstrate that: (a) In addition to verbal behavior, nonverbal behavior is integral to the accomplishment of transitions; and (b) patients' understandings of physicians' verbal and nonverbal behavior as communicating transitions are achieved through situating those behaviors in other contexts of embodied action, talk, activity, and social structure (i.e., the phase structure of encounters). Findings have implications for: (a) the theoretic relationship between verbal and nonverbal behavior in terms of social meaning, (b) what it means to explain transitions and reduce patients' uncertainty, (c) the organization of physician-patient interaction, and (d) the relationship and interface between macro- and microconceptualization of context.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.2001.tb00782.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The real geometry of holomorphic four-metrics (2002)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 43 (2002), S. 2015-2028 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: The real geometry of holomorphic four-metrics is investigated. The almost product and complex structures, associated with the real eight-metrics corresponding to the real and imaginary parts of the holomorphic metrics, are studied. It is shown that half-flat holomorphic metrics, and the corresponding real eight-metrics, are associated with integrable almost product, complex and hyper-Kähler structures. Real and complex local coordinate descriptions are presented. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1456947
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Warming patients in the lithotomy position (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 59 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.2004.04019.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sulfonylurea herbicide resistance in Sonchus asper biotypes in Alberta, Canada (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Weed research 43 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Two Sonchus asper (spiny annual sow-thistle) biotypes, suspected of being resistant to the sulfonylurea herbicide metsulfuron-methyl, were collected in 1996 from two barley (Hordeum vulgare) fields in central Alberta, Canada. Both fields had received at least six applications of acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicide(s). The responses of the two resistant (R) biotypes and two susceptible (S) biotypes to several sulfonylurea herbicides, and to herbicides and herbicide mixtures with other mechanisms of action, were compared. Both R biotypes were highly resistant to all sulfonylurea herbicides, but their control with other herbicides and mixtures was effective and comparable to that of the S biotypes. ALS extracted from an R biotype was about 440 times more resistant to metsulfuron-methyl than that of an S biotype, indicating that resistance was conferred by an ALS enzyme that was less sensitive to inhibition by the herbicide. Competitiveness and seed production of S. asper varied among biotypes, but the differences were probably the result of ecotype differences rather than resistance or susceptibility to sulfonylurea herbicides. This is the first reported occurrence of target site-based S. asper resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3180.2003.00336.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parenting stress and externalizing child behaviour (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Child & family social work 7 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2206
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2206.2002.00242.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elevated expression of interleukin-9 mRNA in the bronchial mucosa of atopic asthmatics and allergen-induced cutaneous late-phase reaction: relationships to eosinophils, mast cells and T lymphocytes (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Interleukin-9 is a T cell-derived Th2-type cytokine that has been linked to airway hyper-responsiveness, mucus hypersecretion and mast cell infiltration in animal models. We recently demonstrated the potential for IL-9 to act in human eosinophil development and survival.Objectives The aims of this study were: (i) to compare IL-9 mRNA expression in bronchial biopsies between atopic asthmatics and normal controls, (ii) to investigate kinetic expression of IL-9 mRNA in skin biopsies after allergen challenge; and (iii) to relate IL-9 expression to infiltration of eosinophils, mast cell and T lymphocytes in local tissue.Methods Bronchial biopsies were obtained from atopic asthmatics (n = 12) and normal non-asthmatics (n = 12) at baseline. Skin biopsies were obtained from atopic subjects (n = 11) at 1, 3, 6, 24, 48 and 72 h after allergen challenge. Diluent challenge sites at 24 h were used as controls. IL-9 mRNA was identified using the technique of in situ hybridization. The numbers of eosinophils, mast cells and T cells were evaluated by immunohistochemistry.Results The numbers of IL-9 mRNA+ cells present in the bronchial mucosa were significantly greater in atopic asthmatics than those in normal controls (P = 0.003). The numbers of eosinophils, but not mast cells, were also significantly higher in asthmatics (P 〈 0.005). The numbers of IL-9 mRNA+ cells present in the airway of asthmatics significantly correlated with the numbers of eosinophils (r = 0.623, P = 0.03), but not mast cells or T cells. Compared with diluent challenge, the numbers of IL-9 mRNA+ cells were significantly elevated at all allergen-challenged sites in the skin, with maximal signals at 48 h (P 〈 0.005). At 72 h, the numbers of IL-9 mRNA+ cells significantly correlated with the numbers of eosinophils (r = 0.707, P = 0.015).Conclusion Elevated expression of IL-9 in allergic inflammation may contribute to local eosinophil infiltration and survival in asthma and other allergic atopic diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2002.01376.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of locally-delivered human macrophage products and estrogen on murine inflammatory bone resorption (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Journal of periodontal research 37 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The objective of this study was to use an in vivo model of jreiodontitis (mouse calvaria) to quantify the effects of local release of secreted human macrophage products, 17β-estradiol (E2), and proinflammatory lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on histologic bone resorption. Human THP-1 monocytes (106) were converted to macrophage phenotype by 500 ng/ml phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) and treated as follows: no stimulation or Escherichia coli LPS (10 µg/ml) alone or in combination with a physiologic dose of E2 (100 pg/ml) for 24 h in RPMI/10% FBS, washed extensively, then incubated for 24 h in serum-free media. Sujrenatant products were concentrated and incorporated into a 4% (w/v) methylcellulose gel. Separate gels were incorporated with the following: LPS (500 µg/animal) alone, high dose of E2 (10 ng/animal) alone, a combination of LPS+E2, or gel only (controls). Loaded or control gels were placed into a polylactic acid occlusive dome, inserted subcutaneously over the calvaria of mature ovariectomized ICR Swiss mice (8 mice×7 groups×2 times [5/14 days] = 112 animals), then calvaria were evaluated histologically. Macrophage stimulation with LPS alone, but not LPS in combination with E2, produced sujrenatants which upregulated osteoclast numbers in the suture area compared to gel controls at 5 days (p = 0.009). The addition of LPS directly to the local delivery gels significantly upregulated osteoclasts in endosteal surfaces compared to gel controls at 5 days (p = 0.024) and at 14 days (p = 0.025). The addition of E2 to LPS down-regulated resorption to a level not different from gel controls at 14 days. This in vivo model appears effective in studying inflammatory bone resorption, which may be inhibited by E2 directly or through its influence on secreted macrophage products.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0765.2001.00027.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiple primary tumours following head and neck cancer in southern England during 1961–98 (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of oral pathology & medicine 32 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0714
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  Successful initial treatment of oral and oro-phayngeal cancer has led to the emergence of second primary tumours (SPTs). Population data are meagre.Methods:  Occurrence of multiple primary cancers following a malignancy in a head and neck site was computed using data from a population-based cancer registry covering a population of 14 million.Results:  Among 59,958 subjects reported to the registry, 5.5% males and 3.6% females developed a second primary cancer. At the sites studied, a total of 2771 second primary cancers were found, compared with an expected number of 2341. The standardised incidence ratio (SIR) for contracting a new primary cancer was 1.14 (95% CI = 1.09–1.19) for men and 1.34 (95% CI = 1.24–1.44) for women. There was a significantly increased risk for a second cancer in most of the upper aerodigestive tract sites that are generally regarded as tobacco associated, with an SIR for subsequent oral cancer of 5.56 in men and 15.31 in women. Subjects first detected with a pharyngeal cancer experienced the highest SIR for a subsequent tumour. Excluding tobacco-associated sites, the risk of a subsequent cancer was not significantly raised in either sex (SIR 0.87 (95% CI 0.81–0.93) for men; SIR 0.99 (95% CI 0.90–1.09) for women).Conclusions:  The relative risk for multiple primary cancer was higher in younger subjects, those detected with a head and neck cancer during the 1990s as compared with earlier decades of the study, and among patients who received radiotherapy for their first tumour. By 20 years from the time of the first head and neck cancer, we estimate that approximately 30% of male patients and 20% of female patients will have developed an SPT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0714.2003.00179.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Remifentanil vs fentanyl/morphine for pain and stress control during pediatric cardiac surgery (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Pediatric anesthesia 14 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : Remifentanil is a short acting, potent synthetic opioid that does not accumulate after infusion or repeated bolus doses. It may be rapidly titrated to the requirements of individual patients. Titrated infusion of remifentanil may be able to provide potent analgesia required for pediatric cardiac surgery and obtund the stress response in theater whilst not having the persistent respiratory depression and sedation seen with longer acting opioids.Methods : Twenty patients were randomized to receive a titrated infusion of remifentanil (0–1 μg·kg−1·min−1) or a standard dose of fentanyl (30 μg·kg−1) prebypass plus morphine (1 mg·kg−1) on rewarming. Blood samples for glucose and cortisol were taken at regular intervals from induction through bypass and into the first 24 h of postoperative intensive care. In addition to biochemical indicators of the stress response we recorded baseline hemodynamic parameters and any acute physiological events.Results : Ten patients received morphine, seven received remifentanil. There were no statistically significant differences between the two treatment groups in cortisol measurements, mean arterial pressure or heart rate recordings. In the last time period the remifentanil group had a larger rise in blood glucose concentration (baseline 3.9, rise 3 mmol·l−1) than the fentanyl/morphine group (baseline 4.2 rise 1.9 mmol·l−1), CI −4.3 to −0.2.Conclusions : The only significant difference was in glucose in the postbypass time periods. Although statistically significant, this difference is insufficient evidence of increased stress in the remifentanil group. The results show that in the patients studied there was no clinically important difference between the two techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9592.2004.01326.x
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