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  • 2000-2004  (6)
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The spectrum of skin disorders in abdominal stoma patients (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 143 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Background Skin integrity is essential for the normal usage of a stoma appliance. However, there is little published on the prevalence, nature or management of stoma-related skin disorders. Objectives To document stoma-related skin disorders in a large cohort of patients. Methods We sent a postal questionnaire to all surviving patients who had had abdominal stoma surgery at Hope Hospital, Salford, U.K. in the 10 years from 1 January 1989. Those reporting skin disease were invited to attend a clinic run by a dermatologist and a stoma-care specialist nurse. All lesions were categorized and swabs taken for microbiological examination. Results Of 525 surviving patients, 325 (62%) replied to the questionnaire. Of these, 73% reported a skin problem that had affected normal stoma bag use. Dermatoses included irritant reactions, particularly from leakage of urine or faeces (42%); pre-existing skin diseases, principally psoriasis, seborrhoeic dermatitis and eczema (20%); infections (6%); allergic contact dermatitis (0·7%) and pyoderma gangrenosum (0·6% annual incidence). A further 15% of patients with skin problems had persistent or recurrent dermatitis not explained by allergy, frank infection or faecal irritation. This responded to short-term treatment with topical corticosteroids. Further investigation is under way into its pathogenesis. Conclusions Skin disorders are common in stoma patients, and various patterns can be recognized and effectively treated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03896.x
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Kinetics and mechanism of the formation of doped skeletal copper catalysts: the effect of zincate compared to undoped and chromate-doped systems (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 30 (2000), S. 1103-1108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Schlagwort(e): de-alloying ; Raney® ; selective dissolution ; structure ; zinc additive
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract Addition of zincate to the leach liquor for the preparation of skeletal copper increases the copper surface area; however it does not stabilize the structure against rearrangement. The leaching kinetics have been studied using a rotating disc electrode (RDE) at 269–293 K in 2–8 M NaOH and 0.0005–0.1 M Na2ZnO2. Zincate ions precipitate as zinc oxide, due to the local consumption of hydroxide ions near the leach front as the aluminium dissolves. This oxide hinders the aluminium dissolution, slowing the leaching rate. It also hinders copper dissolution/redeposition and prevents copper diffusion, thus reducing the structural rearrangement significantly, and causing the formation of a much finer copper structure with increased surface area. The zinc oxide redissolves as the leach front passes, releasing the copper to rearrange once more, thereby allowing the surface area to decrease with time. The activation energy for leaching was found to be 84 ± 6 kJ mol−1.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004014624562
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of chromate additive on the kinetics and mechanism of skeletal copper formation (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 30 (2000), S. 1097-1102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Schlagwort(e): chromium dopant ; de-alloying ; Raney® copper catalysts ; selective dissolution ; structure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract The addition of chromate to the leach liquor for the preparation of skeletal copper increases and stabilizes the copper surface area and slows the leaching rate. The kinetics have been studied using a rotating disc electrode (RDE) at 269–293 K in 2–8 M NaOH and 0–0.1 M Na2CrO4. The rate of leaching was found to be constant with time, with an activation energy of 74 ± 7 kJ mol−1. By monitoring the kinetics and free (mixed) corrosion potential, it was possible to elucidate the mechanistic effect of chromate causing the increased surface area. Chromate was found to deposit on the copper surface as chromium(III) oxide, hindering the leaching reaction as well as the dissolution/redeposition of copper, the main mechanism of structural formation/rearrangement for skeletal copper. This blocking of the surface resulted in a finer structure, with a corresponding larger surface area. It also stabilised the surface area by minimizing the rearrangement. The effect of chromate was found to reach a limit at around 0.03 M Na2CrO4.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004087209541
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Intern Prescribing for Common Clinical Conditions (2000)
    Springer
    Advances in health sciences education 5 (2000), S. 141-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1677
    Schlagwort(e): clinical competence ; intern ; prescribing ; survey
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract To examine the ability of interns to prescribe appropriatelyfor common clinical conditions at the commencement and completion of theintern year. Interns' perceptions of their ability to prescribe and theperceived influences on their practices were also assessed.The study was conducted at a teaching hospital in urban NewSouth Wales, Australia. A self-complete questionnaire was administered to56 interns at the beginning and end of internship. At the beginning of theyear respondents were asked to identify how equipped they felt they wereto perform specific functions related to prescribing practice. Interns werealso asked to write hospital prescriptions for four common clinical casesscenarios: post-operative pain, urinary tract infection, asthma, andcommunity-acquired pneumonia. At the end of the year interns were askedto prescribe for the same clinical scenarios and also asked to identify themain influences on their practice.At the beginning of the year 54% of interns felt equipped tochoose an appropriate drug for common clinical conditions, however, fewfelt they were able to determine the appropriate dose (23% of respondents)or dose frequency (25%).A previously validated four-point rating scale was used by two assessorsto judge appropriateness of prescribing [Kappa = 0.6]. At the beginning ofthe year at least two-thirds of interns were prescribing `inappropriately'for all clinical conditions. By the end of the year 75% were prescribing`appropriately' for all conditions.The main perceived influences on prescribing practices were registrars,consultants, books and pharmacists. The use of hypothetical clinical cases to exploreprescribing ability has shown that doctors are ill-equipped to performvarious aspects of prescribing on graduating from medical school. Althoughour findings may not translate into practice directly they highlight theexistence of a potential problem that warrants further study, especially inthe areas of actual practice and the influences on it in the earlypostgraduate years.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009882315981
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Transforming Growth Factor-β Isoform Expression in Mature Human Healthy and Carious Molar Teeth (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular histology 32 (2000), S. 247-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β isoforms have been implicated in cellular signalling during tooth development and repair, but little is known of their cellular localisation or distribution within the dental tissues in the mature tooth. This study investigated the presence of TGF-β1, β2 and β3 isoforms in tissues of sound and carious human molar teeth, to understand better the expression of TGF-βs during health and disease. In healthy tissues, odontoblasts, cells of the cell rich layer, pulpal fibroblasts and endothelial cells were stained to varying degrees for all isoforms, with TGF-β3 showing the greatest intensity and TGF-β1 the weakest intensity. Similar patterns of staining were observed in carious teeth; however, TGF-β1 showed significantly increased staining intensity within odontoblasts and pulpal cells of carious teeth (p〈0.001). Biochemical analysis showed greater amounts of TGF-β1 in tertiary dentine than in primary dentine samples. The expression of TGF-βs in odontoblasts and the increased presence of TGF-β1 in tertiary dentine suggest that these isoforms may be important in odontoblast behaviour and the modulation of the tissue response to injury.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004007202404
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ultrastructural Localisation of TGF-β Exposure in Dentine by Chemical Treatment (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular histology 32 (2000), S. 489-494 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) sequestered in dentine matrix has an important role in dental tissue repair after injury and its exposure at sites of injury may stimulate tertiary dentinogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the expression of TGF-β isoforms in mature human dentine matrix and the ability of chemical treatments to expose TGF-β on the cut surface of dentine using gold immunolabelling and subsequent scanning electron microscopy examination. TGF-β1 was the only isoform that could be detected in human dentine and the nature of the chemical treatment of the tissue influenced its detection. EDTA treatment provided good exposure of TGF-β1 on the dentine surface, whilst citric acid and sodium hypochlorite treatments revealed lesser amounts of this isoform. Only minimal staining for TGF-β1 was observed in samples treated with phosphate-buffered saline. TGF-β2 and -β3 could not be detected in the specimens with any of the treatments. This study suggests that TGF-β1 is the only TGF-β isoform expressed by human odontoblasts to be sequestered in dentine implying that differences in isoform–extracellular matrix interactions may exist. Information on chemical treatment of tissue specimens for immunostaining may provide a useful basis for selection of tissue preparation techniques for clinical restorative treatment procedures to facilitate TGF-β mediated reparative processes at sites of dental injury.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004100518245
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