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  • 2000-2004  (6)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Infrared imaging of the surface temperature field of water during film spreading (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 12 (2000), S. 597-602 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Deposition of a spontaneously-spreading film on a clean water surface creates a front which propagates radially outward from the point of deposition. This rapidly spreading film was used as a tool to quickly change the boundary condition of a water surface from one which is shear-free, to a boundary condition which supports shear. Infrared images of a water surface experiencing evaporative convection were recorded as this film spread. These images were converted to surface temperature fields. The amount of turbulent structure present in these fields changes dramatically across the front. Ahead of the front, significant variations at large and small spatial scales are evident, while behind the front the small scale structures are eliminated. The time scale at which this damping occurs is short and has not been reported on heretofore. In addition to being relevant to free surface turbulence, these results demonstrate the utility of infrared imaging in the study of spreading films.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.870265
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Near infra-red radiation squeezing through 20 nm voids in obliquely deposited metal films (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 78 (2001), S. 2143-2144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Obliquely deposited metal films which are nearly continuous, displaying several unexpected solar optical properties. Transmittance intensity, spectral character, preferred direction of incidence, and polarization sensitivity, infer processes which effective-medium models based solely on "interior" properties cannot describe. Amplified transmittance through voids around 20 nm wide involving near surface excitations can explain the data. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1359489
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of two methods for customising the original SAPS II model for intensive care patients from South England (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 57 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Model customisation is used to adjust prognostic models by re-calibrating them to obtain more reliable mortality estimates. We used two methods for customising the Simplified Acute Physiology Score II model for 15 511 intensive care patients by altering the logit and the coefficients of the original equation. Both methods significantly improved model calibration, but customising the coefficients was slightly more effective. The Hosmer-Lemeshow χ2-value improved from 306.0 (p〈 0.001) before, to 14.5 (p 〈 0.07) and 23.3 (p 〈 0.06) after customisation of the coefficients and the logit, respectively. Discrimination was not affected. The standardised mortality ratio for the entire population declined from 1.16 (95% confidence interval: 1.13–1.20, p 〈 0.001) to 0.99 (95% confidence interval: 0.96–1.02, p 〈 0.22) after customisation of the coefficients. The uniformity-of-fit for patients grouped by operative status and comorbidities also improved, butremained imperfect for patients stratified by location before intensive care unit admission. Amalgamation of large, regional databases could provide the basis for the re-calibration of standard prognostic models, which could then be used as a national reference system to allow more reliable comparisons of the efficacy and quality of care based on severity adjusted outcome measures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.2002.02698_2.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The impact of low-risk intensive care unit admissions on mortality probabilities by SAPS II, APACHE II and APACHE III (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 57 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A large proportion of intensive care unit patients are low-risk admissions. Mortality probabilities generated by predictive systems may not accurately reflect the mortality experienced by subpopulations of critically ill patients. We prospectively assessed the impact of low-risk admissions (mortality risk 〈 10%) on the mortality estimates generated by three prognostic models. We studied 1497 consecutive admissions to a general intensive care unit. The performance of the three models for subgroups and the whole population was analysed. The proportions of patients designated as low risk varied with the model and differences in model performance were most pronounced for these patients. The APACHE II mortality ratios (1.32 vs. 1.19) did not differ for low- and higher risk patients, but mortality ratios generated by APACHE III (2.38 vs. 1.23) and SAPS II (2.19 vs. 1.16) were nearly two-fold greater. Calibration for higher risk patients was similar for all three models but the APACHE III system calibrated worse than the other models for low-risk patients. This may have contributed to the poorer overall calibration of the APACHE III system (Hosmer–Lemeshow C-test: APACHE III χ2 = 329; APACHE II χ2 = 42; SAPS II χ2 = 62). Imperfect characterisation of the large proportion of low-risk intensive care unit admissions may contribute to the deterioration of the models' predictive accuracies for the intensive care population as a whole.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.2002.02362.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intensive care training and non anaesthetists (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 55 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.2000.01664-3.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dechlorination of polychlorinated methanes by a sequential methanogenic-denitrifying bioreactor system (2000)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 53 (2000), S. 484-489 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract A two-stage bioreactor has been developed to link dechlorination of halogenated methane compounds to the anaerobic processes of methanogenesis and denitrification. A digester methanogenic consortium was shown to dechlorinate chloroform (CF) and carbon tetrachloride (CT) to dichloromethane (DCM), and DCM was then mineralized by an acclimated denitrifying biological activated carbon consortium. Combining these two processes, a sequential methanogenic-denitrifying bioreactor (SMDB) system that completely degraded polychlorinated methanes including CT, CF, and DCM was developed. More than 95% of the added CT and CF was dechlorinated in the methanogenic bioreactor with methanol as the primary substrate, and the resultant DCM was biodegraded in the denitrifying bioreactor with nitrate as the electron acceptor. In the denitrifying bioreactor, the residual CF was completely removed, and the DCM removal efficiency was more than 95%. This novel bioreactor system eliminates the need for aeration and so avoids the air contamination associated with aerobic biotreatment of volatile chlorinated pollutants. This SMDB system provides an alternative to conventional biotreatment of wastewaters and other matrices contaminated with polychlorinated methanes and is, to our knowledge, the first report on such a sequential anoxic system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530051646
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