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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Possible linkage between glutamate transporter and mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade in cultured rat cortical astrocytes (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 76 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) play a pivotal role in the mediation of cellular responses to a variety of signalling molecules. In the present study, we investigated possible linkage between glutamate signalling and the MAPK cascade in cultured rat cortical astrocytes. Exposure of the cells to L-glutamate (100–1000 µm) resulted in an increase in phosphorylated p44/42 MAPK (ERK1/2) in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The glutamate-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation was blocked by U0126 and PD98059, specific inhibitors of the MAPK-activating enzyme MEK. Furthermore, L-glutamate-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation was not mimicked by glutamate receptor agonists and was not blocked by glutamate receptor antagonists. In contrast, the effect of L-glutamate was mimicked by d- and L-aspartate and transportable glutamate uptake inhibitors. These results suggest that the MEK/ERK cascade is activated by a mechanism related to glutamate transporters. We propose that the glutamate transporter functions as a receptor transmitting extracellular glutamate signal to intracellular messengers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00062.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    L-Glutamate Suppresses Amyloid β-Protein-Induced Stellation of Cultured Rat Cortical Astrocytes (2000)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 74 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Alzheimer’s amyloid β-protein (Aβ) has been reported to potentiate glutamate toxicity in neurons, but very little is known about interaction between Aβ and glutamate in astrocytes. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the effects of Aβ and glutamate on morphology of astrocytes. Cultured rat cortical astrocytes exhibited polygonal morphology in the absence of stimulation and differentiated into process-bearing stellate cells following exposure to Aβ (20 μM). L-Glutamate (30-1,000 μM) had no effect on astrocyte morphology in the absence of stimulation but strongly suppressed Aβ-induced stellation. The suppressive effect of L-glutamate on Aβ-induced stellation was not mimicked by glutamate receptor agonists and not blocked by glutamate receptor antagonists. In contrast, the suppressive effect of L-glutamate was mimicked by D- and L-aspartate and transportable glutamate uptake inhibitors. These results suggest that Aβ-induced astrocyte stellation is suppressed by a mechanism related to glutamate transporters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.0740280.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The serotonin 5-HT2 receptor–phospholipase C system inhibits the induction of long-term potentiation in the rat visual cortex (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 12 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The effect of serotonin 5-HT2 receptor stimulation on long-term potentiation (LTP) in the primary visual cortex was investigated by using rat brain slices in vitro. Field potentials evoked by stimulation of layer IV were recorded in layer II/III. The 5-HT2 receptor agonist 1-(2,5-dimethyl-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOI) did not affect baseline synaptic potentials evoked by single-pulse test stimulation, but significantly inhibited the induction of LTP in a concentration-dependent manner (0.1–10 μm). The LTP-inhibiting effect of DOI (10 μm) was blocked by the 5-HT2,7 receptor antagonist ritanserin (10 μm), but not by the 5-HT1A receptor antagonist NAN-190 (10 μm) nor by the 5-HT3,4 receptor antagonist MDL72222 (10 μm). The inhibitory effect of DOI was also blocked by the phospholipase C inhibitor U73122, but not by its inactive analogue U73343. These results suggest that visual cortex LTP is inhibited by activation of the 5-HT2 receptor–phospholipase C system. In addition, the LTP-inhibiting effect of DOI was abolished by the presence of the GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline (10 μm), suggesting that 5-HT2 receptor-mediated inhibition of visual cortex LTP is dependent on GABAergic inhibition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.2000.00007.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The supramammillary nucleus contributes to associative EPSP-spike potentiation in the rat dentate gyrus in vivo (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 13 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The supramammillary nucleus (SUM) of the hypothalamus sends neural projections to the hippocampus and is supposed to be involved in learning and memory. To test the possibility that SUM afferents modulate hippocampal functions, we investigated the effect of electrical stimulation of the SUM on the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) at medial perforant path (PP)–granule cell synapses in the dentate gyrus (DG) of anaesthetized rats. High-frequency stimulation of the SUM (100 pulses at 100 Hz) alone did not change PP–DG field potentials. However, when the SUM stimulation was applied simultaneously with weak tetanic stimulation of the PP (20 pulses at 20 Hz) which alone did not induce any potentiation, it produced a long-lasting potentiation of the population spike, without an accompanying increase in the population excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP). The EPSP-spike (E-S) potentiation induced by pairing SUM and PP stimulation was abolished by lesions of the fimbria–fornix, a major pathway of SUM afferents. SUM stimulation applied 1 s before or after PP stimulation failed to produce E-S potentiation, and SUM stimulation augmented PP–DG field potentials during tetanic stimulation. Furthermore, the E-S potentiation was abolished by blocking GABAergic neurotransmission with picrotoxin. These results suggest that coactivation of SUM and PP inputs produces a long-lasting increase of granule cell excitability by modulating GABAergic inhibition. SUM afferents may contribute to associative memory processing by modulating hippocampal excitability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.2001.01446.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Video-Assisted Blebectomy Using a Flexible Scope and a Bleb Implement (2000)
    Springer
    Surgery today 30 (2000), S. 241-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2813
    Keywords: Key Words: bleb, pneumothorax, video-assisted thoracic surgery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005950050052
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Basic Study of Progressive Crushing Mechanism (2000)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 177-180 (Apr. 2000), p. 321-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/45/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.177-180.321.pdf
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Screening for colorectal cancer (2000)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 43 (2000), S. S78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Screening ; Colorectal cancer ; Immunochemical fecal occult blood test ; Evaluation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: Screening for colorectal cancer using a guaiac-based fecal occult blood, or Hemoccult®, test has been demonstrated to reduce colorectal cancer mortality. However, the magnitude of effectiveness is relatively low because of poor sensitivity of the Hemoccult® test. The immunochemical fecal occult blood test has been shown to be much more sensitive than the Hemoccult® test in detecting preclinical colorectal cancer in an asymptomatic population. The purpose of this article is to discuss the validity of the immunochemical fecal occult blood test and the efficacy of a population-based screening program using the test. METHODS: Relevant articles were primarily identified through MEDLINE search. Review was focused on the studies of population screening programs with the immunochemical fecal occult blood test. RESULTS: Sensitivities for colorectal cancer calculated in the same population were reported to be 67 to 89 percent and only 33 to 37 percent for the immunochemical test and Hemoccult® test, respectively. Case-control studies and other observational studies showed that screening programs using the immunochemical fecal occult blood test by hemagglutination reaction would reduce the risk of dying of colorectal cancer by 60 percent or more for those screened annually compared with those unscreened. It was also shown that a screening strategy using the immunochemical fecal occult blood test had the best cost-effectiveness ratio among the methods available. Nearly 5 million persons are currently screened per year in Japan, yielding 0.15 to 0.2 percent colorectal cancer cases among persons with positive fecal occult blood test results. CONCLUSIONS: These results strongly suggest that a screening program with immunochemical fecal occult blood test has promising advantages in terms of effectiveness over programs with the Hemocult® test. More stress is warranted on introduction of immunochemical fecal occult blood testing as a screening test in place of the guaiac fecal occult blood test.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02237230
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alternating monomeric paresis with decreased skin temperature and hyperhidrosis in a case of thoracolumbar myelopathy (2000)
    Springer
    Clinical autonomic research 10 (2000), S. 77-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1619-1560
    Keywords: thoracolumbar myelopathy ; syrinx formation ; alternating paresis ; skin temperature ; hyperhidrosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The patient, a Japanese girl with a history suggestive of diffuse encephalitis or acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, developed weakness of the right lower limb accompanied by excessive sweating and decreased skin temperature. Magnetic resonance imaging of the thoracolumbar cord showed abnormal signal intensity with syrinx formation mainly at T12 to L1 vertebral level. Paresis and excessive sweating subsided within 3 to 4 months, but recovery of vasomotor function was delayed. Several weeks later, weakness and skin temperature reduction reappeared on the left side without hyperhidrosis, but responded well to oral prednisolone. The patient showed no recurrence during the subsequent 7 years, and the intermedullary lesion could not be seen with repeated spinal magnetic resonance imaging.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02279895
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