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Outdoor activities in childhood: a protective factor for cutaneous melanoma? Results of a case–control study in 271 matched pairs (2001)

Kaskel, P. ; Sander, S. ; Kron, M. ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd

British journal of dermatology 145 (2001), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-2133

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Medicine

Notes: Background A matched case–control study was performed in Munich, Germany, in 1996–97 to evaluate the risk of cutaneous melanoma due to ultraviolet (UV) exposure behaviour in Southern Bavaria, Germany. Objectives Patients with cutaneous melanoma and controls were investigated by two physicians using a standardized questionnaire to identify risk factors for the development of melanoma, such as professional and leisure sun exposure behaviour. In each person, a total body examination was performed to detect benign skin alterations, phenotypic characteristics and precursor lesions for skin cancer. Patients/methods A total of 271 melanoma patients and 271 controls were individually matched for residence, age and gender. A multiple conditional logistic regression analysis was performed. Results Of 56 factors, those risk factors with a strong effect on the development of melanoma were: the existence of melanoma in first degree relatives, solar lentigo, actinic keratosis, actinic cheilitis, skin phototype, immediate skin reaction to UV light at the start of the outdoor season, sunburn in childhood and sun exposure during holidays in sunny areas 20 years before melanoma was diagnosed; outdoor activities in childhood were found to be protective. Conclusions Sunburn in childhood and increased sun exposure during annual holidays in sunny areas should be avoided. In contrast, outdoor activities in childhood, including soccer and gardening, should be encouraged because they are associated with a lower risk of melanoma formation.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04432.x

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Risk and protective factors for sporadic basal cell carcinoma: results of a two-centre case–control study in southern Germany. Clinical actinic elastosis may be a protective factor (2004)

Walther, U. ; Kron, M. ; Sander, S. ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd

British journal of dermatology 151 (2004), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-2133

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Medicine

Notes: Background There are very few data regarding sun exposure behaviour of patients with basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in central Europe.Objectives A case–control study of patients with sporadic BCC was conducted to assess the risk of occupational and leisure-time sun exposure behaviour, precursor lesions for skin cancer and phenotypic factors on the development of sporadic BCC in Ulm and Dresden, Germany.Methods A comparison was made of 213 patients with BCC (128 from Ulm, 85 from Dresden; 103 men and 110 women; median age at diagnosis 69 years) and 411 controls (237 from Ulm, 174 from Dresden; 197 men and 214 women; median age 58 years). Crude odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals for all of 64 possible risk factors revealed strong associations in 33 items. Selection of important risk factors was performed in a multiple logistic regression.Results For sporadic BCC, an increased risk was shown for persons with actinic cheilitis (OR 7·1), actinic keratosis (OR 2·7) and solar lentigo (OR 2·5). The only phenotypic factor indicating risk of sporadic BCC was hair colour, with a higher risk for red/fair than brown/black hair (OR 4·3). There was an increased risk for persons with BCC in first-degree relatives (OR 5·1) and those with sunburn 20 years before sporadic BCC was diagnosed (OR 3·6). Additionally, occupational ultraviolet (UV) exposure appeared to be a risk factor (OR 2·4). In contrast, clinical actinic elastosis showed a protective effect (OR 0·1).Conclusions In contrast to earlier reports, clinical actinic elastosis turned out to be the only protective factor for sporadic BCC. A special relationship between wrinkling and BCC risk could not be shown. For basic research, future work should be aimed at elucidating further the different forms of collagen repair processes after intermittent and/or chronic UV exposure. The data strongly support the recommendation that a change in recreational UV exposure habits in individuals, and sunburn avoidance in particular, are necessary not only because of the increased long-term risk of melanoma, but also because of the risk of other skin cancers such as sporadic BCC.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.06030.x

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Trauma and melanoma formation: a true association? (2000)

Kaskel, P. ; Kind, P. ; Sander, S. ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd

British journal of dermatology 143 (2000), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-2133

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Medicine

Notes: Background Little is known about the role of mechanical trauma in the pathogenesis of malignant melanoma. In individual patients, traumatic events have been discussed as a causative factor for the induction of melanoma and diagnosis of melanoma following trauma may raise medico-legal questions. Objectives To evaluate the relationship between traumatic single or recurrent events and melanoma characteristics. Methods Retrospective questionnaire in 369 melanoma patients. Results A large number of patients (337 of 369; 91·3%) denied an association between a possible traumatic event and melanoma formation. Thirty-two of 369 patients (8·7%) considered an association of trauma and melanoma formation likely. Of these 32 patients, 22 patients (13 men, nine women) reported a single event, and 10 patients (four men, six women) a persisting irritation. An irritation of a pre-existing melanocytic naevus was reported by two patients with histologically confirmed melanoma on acquired or congenital naevus. Conclusions As most of the patients who mentioned a trauma in this study suffered from acral melanoma, or melanoma located on the extremities, a history of trauma should be expected more frequently at these body sites. A review of epidemiological, clinical and scientific research indicates that there seems to be no evidence for single or persistent traumatic events as a causative factor for melanoma formation.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03770.x

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Epidemiological situation and treatment of patients with thalassemia major in Germany: results of the German multicenter β-thalassemia study (2000)

Cario, H. ; Stahnke, K. ; Sander, S. ; [et al.]

Springer

Annals of hematology 79 (2000), S. 7-12

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ISSN: 1432-0584

Keywords: Key words Thalassemia ; Observation study ; Transfusion ; Hemosiderosis

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Medicine

Notes: Abstract At present, about 300 patients in Germany suffer from thalassemia major. In 1990, a multicenter study was introduced to identify all thalassemic patients in Germany as well as to establish a uniform therapy protocol, including follow-up diagnostic procedures. After 6 years of study, the data of 203 patients were analyzed. The majority originate from endemic regions around the Mediterranean Sea. The median age of the patients is 13.8 years (range 1–37.5 years). At present, about 20% of the patients are older than 21 years. Regarding transfusion therapy, a shortening of the average transfusion interval to 3 weeks in most cases occurred. Throughout the entire period, median baseline hemoglobin concentrations of 10.0 g/dl were observed. The evaluation of serum ferritin levels revealed considerable differences, depending on the patients' age. Thalassemic patients in the first decade of life generally presented with good therapeutic results; serum ferritin levels were below 1800 ng/ml in 76/102 patients (75%) upon entry into the study. In contrast, 51/98 patients (52%) older than 10 years had ferritin levels above 2500 ng/ml. More than half of all treated patients presented with siderotic complications such as cardiac disease in 20/157 (13%), liver disease in 32/157 (21%), impaired glucose metabolism in 22/157 (14%), hypogonadism in 39/66 (59%), and hypothyroidism in 38/157 (24%) who were under treatment at the time of first survey. Since the situation concerning siderosis and the lack of compliance proved to be particularly difficult with adolescent patients, further efforts should concentrate on this age-group.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002770050002

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