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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gene transfer of endothelial nitric oxide synthase alters endothelium-dependent relaxations in aortas from diabetic rabbits (2000)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 43 (2000), S. 340-347 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Gene transfer, nitric oxide synthase, adenovirus, endothelium, diabetes mellitus, alloxan, nitric oxide.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aims/hypothesis. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in diabetes mellitus. Abnormal endothelium-dependent relaxation is observed both in humans and in animal models of diabetes mellitus and decreased bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) is thought to be involved in this defect. Therefore, the aim of this study was to test whether adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) alters vascular reactivity of diabetic vessels.¶Methods. Vascular reactivity was first assessed in thoracic aortas and carotid arteries from nine alloxan-induced diabetic (plasma glucose, 26.5 ± 1.2 mmol/l; HbA1 c, 6.4 ± 0.3 %) and nine control rabbits (plasma glucose, 11.1 ± 1.3 mmol/l; HbA1 c, 2.1 ± 0.1 %). Vascular reactivity was next examined in thoracic aortas of diabetic animals after ex vivo transduction with replication-deficient adenovirus encoding gene for eNOS (AdeNOS) or β-galactosidase (Adβ gal).¶Results. After 10 weeks of hyperglycaemia, endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine was impaired in diabetic aorta, but was normal in carotid arteries from diabetic rabbits. In contrast, responses of both vessels to calcium ionophore and nitric oxide donor were normal. Histochemical staining for β-galactosidase and immunohistochemistry for eNOS showed transgene expression in the endothelium and adventitia in Adβ gal and AdeNOS transduced vessels, respectively. During submaximum contractions with phenylephrine, relaxations to low concentrations of acetylcholine (3 × 10–8 to 10–7 mol/l) were augmented in AdeNOS transduced diabetic vessels.¶Conclusion/interpretation. These findings suggest that adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of eNOS to diabetic aorta alters vascular reactivity. [Diabetologia (2000) 43: 340–347]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050052
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of glucocorticosteroids on tumour necrosis factor-α-induced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression in cultured primary human nasal epithelial cells (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 34 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective In order to confirm the direct effect of glucocorticosteroids on epithelial intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression, we examined ICAM-1 expression on primary cultured human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) at both protein and mRNA levels.Material and methods HNECs were stimulated with recombinant human TNF-α (20 pg/mL–20 ng/mL) for specified time periods (0, 12, 24, and 48 h) and ICAM-1 mRNA and the soluble ICAM-1 (sICAM-1) concentrations were measured by quantitative RT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. We also evaluated surface expression of ICAM-1 by flow cytometry 48 h after stimulation and determined the effect of dexamethasone (DEX) on TNF-α-induced ICAM-1 expression.Results Significant increases in ICAM-1 gene expression in HNECs were initially detected at 24 h, peaking at 48 h after the stimulation. The TNF-mediated-ICAM-1 mRNA and ICAM-1 surface expression at 48 h was significantly inhibited by co-incubation with human recombinant soluble TNF receptor I. Similarly, TNF-α-induced release sICAM-1 occurred in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. DEX 10−6 m attenuated the TNF-α-induced ICAM-1 expression at mRNA and protein levels.Conclusions Our finding suggests a potential role for topical steroids in allergic rhinitis in suppressing inflammatory reactions in the nasal mucosa by regulating ICAM-1 expression on nasal epithelium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.01964.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression and localization of the cysteinyl leukotriene 1 receptor in human nasal mucosa (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background The cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLT) are lipid mediators that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. Pharmacological studies using CysLTs indicate that two classes of receptors, named CysLT1 and CysLT2 receptor, exist. The former is sensitive to the CysLT1 antagonist currently used to treat asthma and allergic rhinitis. Recently, the cDNA for human CysLT1 and CysLT2 receptor have been cloned, making it now possible to study the gene expression of CysLTs receptors.Objective We have used reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to study the gene expression of CysLT1 and CysLT2 receptor and in situ hybridization to determine the distribution of CysLT1 receptor mRNA in human nasal mucosa. In addition, the distribution of the CysLT1 receptor protein was studied by immunohistochemistry.Methods Human turbinates were obtained after turbinectomy from six patients with nasal obstruction refractory to medical therapy. Total RNA was isolated from human nasal mucosa and both CysLT1 and CysLT2 receptor mRNA was detected in these tissues by using RT-PCR. For in situ hybridization study of human nasal mucosa, we used biotin-labelled oligonucleotides probes encoding human CysLT1 receptor cDNA. To identify the cells expressing the CysLT1 receptor protein, double immunostaining was performed by using anti-CysLT1 receptor antibody and monoclonal antileucocyte antibodies.Results RT-PCR analysis of total nasal RNA demonstrated the expression of both CysLT1 receptor and CysLT2 receptor mRNA. In situ hybridization indicated high levels of CysLT1 receptor hybridization in blood vessels and the interstitial cells, but a sparse signal in airway epithelium and submucosal glands. The immunohistochemical studies revealed that anti-CysLT1 receptor antibody labelled eosinophils, mast cells, macrophages, neutrophils and vascular endothelial cells in the nasal mucosa.Conclusion The results may have an important clinical implication and also promote further investigation of the regulation of CysLT1 receptor in health and disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2002.01425.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PCR-based detection of betanodaviruses from cultured and wild marine fish with no clinical signs (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 27 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Betanodaviruses are the causative agents of viral nervous necrosis (VNN) or viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER) in cultured marine fish. A total of 131 apparently healthy fish from 30 species were collected in two geographically remote aquaculture areas, Yashima Bay (Kagawa Prefecture) and Tamanoura Bay (Nagasaki Prefecture), in Japan. The brains of fish were examined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and nested PCR to detect the coat protein gene of betanodavirus. In Yashima Bay, two and 13 of 20 cultured fish were positive for nodavirus in RT-PCR and nested PCR, respectively, and four of five wild fish were positive only in nested PCR. In Tamanoura Bay, 28 and 99 of 106 wild fish were positive for the virus in RT-PCR and nested PCR, respectively. All the sequences of the nested PCR products (177 nt) from 27 fish species (10 cultured and 17 wild) were highly homologous to each other (99–100%) and were closely related to that of the known betanodavirus, redspotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV). These results illustrate that large populations of cultured and wild marine fish in aquaculture areas are subclinically infected with genetically closely related betanodaviruses, suggesting an importance of such infected fish as a carrier or reservoir of betanodaviruses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.2004.00577.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crosstalk canceling for laser-assisted magnetic recording (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 77 (2000), S. 415-417 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A promising method of crosstalk canceling is proposed for laser-assisted magnetic recording, which makes it possible to record and read with a narrow track pitch limited to nearly the size of a focused laser spot. In this method, a track pitch narrower than the laser spot size is obtained by utilizing the canceling of the leakage flux from an adjacent track. We achieved a crosstalk of −24 dB or less with a 0.7 μm track pitch in laser-assisted magnetic recording by using a laser spot size of 1.07 μm in diameter and a magnetoresistive head with a track width of 1.4 μm. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.126994
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Establishment of Animal Model of Antigen-Specific T Lymphocyte Recruitment into Nasal Mucosa (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 56 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: DO11.10 transgenic mice, expressing an ovalbumin (OVA)-specific αβ T-cell receptor (TCR), have been used as a model of various immune diseases associated with T lymphocytes. Some studies of immunoresponse in lung have involved adoptive transfer of DO11.10 mice. As of yet, however, there have been no studies of the adoptive transfer model in the upper airway. The purpose of this study was to establish an animal model to clarify the recruitment mechanism and the roles of Th2 cells in allergic rhinitis. In accordance with the adoptive transfer system, we generated Th0, Th1 and Th2 cells from DO11.10 mice and transferred them into wild type BALB/c mice. Following nasal OVA challenge to DO11.10 mice or to the BALB/c mice into which antigen-specific Th2 cells had been transferred, the number of local antigen-specific TCR-positive cells accompanying the local eosinophilia had significantly increased. However, nasal OVA challenge to BALB/c mice into which antigen-specific Th0 or Th1 cells were transferred failed to increase the number of local OVA-specific TCR positive cells. These observations suggest that an antigen-specific homing mechanism of Th2 cells may exist in nasal mucosa. Analysis of this model will assist in the development of new therapeutic strategy, which targets Th2 cells in allergic rhinitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.2002.01136.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Migratory Patterns of Thoracic Duct Lymphocytes into Bronchus-associated Lymphoid Tissue of Immunized Rats (2000)
    Springer
    Lung 178 (2000), S. 295-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1750
    Keywords: Key words: BALT—Thoracic duct lymphocytes—High endothelial venule (HEV)—Migration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Lymphocytes continuously circulate between the bloodstream and lymphoid organs, and their migration into lymphatic tissues presumably occurs through selective mechanisms. Although bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) is known as an inductive tissue of the common mucosal immune system, little is known about how effectively the lymphocytes in the blood vessels migrate into the BALT, thereby enabling the BALT to act as an effector tissue in the immunologic responses of the lungs. To analyze whether or not thoracic duct lymphocytes (TDL) from immunized and nonimmunized rats possess different migratory patterns to the BALT, 5-(6)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE)–labeled TDL were injected into rats with BALT hyperplasia that was produced by intratracheal administration of TNP-KLH, and then the number of labeled cells in the BALT were examined by immunohistochemical methods. We studied the following three groups at 12 h after the injection: group A, intraintestinally immunized donors and intratracheally immunized recipients; group B, nonimmunized donors and intratracheally immunized recipients; group C (control group), nonimmunized donors and nonimmunized recipients. Time course studies 0.5, 4, 12, and 24 h after the injection were done in groups A and C. In a cytokinetic study, larger numbers of CFSE-labeled lymphocytes were found at 12 h and 24 h in group A than in group C. At 12 h after the injection, the absolute number of CFSE-labeled lymphocytes per BALT was significantly higher in group A than in group B (p 〈 0.05), and was lowest in group C. Histologically, there was a marked proliferation of high endothelial venules (HEV), with findings of adhesion and influx of lymphocytes inside the HEV in group A. These observations indicate that the immunized BALT actively recruits immunized TDL through a specific mechanism of lymphocyte-endothelium recognition in HEV, which partially explains the process of BALT development as an effector tissue for local immunity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004080000033
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