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  • 1
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key words Group C streptococci ; Group G streptococci ; Multigene regulator ; Streptokinase gene ; Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis ; M protein gene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In addition to β-haemolytic streptococci belonging to Lancefield group A (Streptococcus pyogenes, GAS), human isolates of group C (GCS) and group G (GGS) streptococci (S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis) have been implicated as causative agents in outbreaks of purulent pharyngitis, of wound infections and recently also of streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome. Very little is known about the organisation of the genomic region in which the emm gene of GCS and GGS is located. We have investigated the genome sequences flanking the emm gene in GCS by sequencing neighbouring fragments obtained by inverse PCR. Our sequence data for GCS strains 25287 and H46A revealed two types of arrangement in the emm region, which differ significantly from the known types of mga regulon in GAS. We named this segment of the genome mgrC (for multigene regulon-like segment in group C streptococci). In strains belonging to the first mgrC type (prototype strain 25287) the emm gene is flanked upstream by mgc, a gene that is 61% identical to the mga gene of GAS. A phylogenetic analysis of the deduced protein sequences showed that Mgc is related to Mga proteins of various types of GAS but forms a distinct cluster. Downstream of emm, the mgrC sequence region is bordered by rel. This gene encodes a protein that functions in the synthesis and degradation of guanosine 3′,5′ bipyrophosphate (ppGpp) during the stringent regulatory response to amino acid deprivation. In the second mgrC type (prototype strain H46A), the genes mgc and emm are arranged as in type 1. But an additional ORF (orf) is inserted in opposite orientation between emm and rel. This orf shows sequence homology to cpdB, which is present in various microorganisms and encodes 2′,3′ cyclo-nucleotide 2′-phosphodiesterase. PCR analysis showed that these two mgrC arrangements also exist in GGS. Our sequence and PCR data further showed that both types of mgrC region in GCS and GGS are linked via rel to the streptokinase region characterised recently in strain H46A. A gene encoding C5a peptidase, which is present at the 3′ end of the mga regulon in GAS, was not found in the mgrC region identified in the GCS and GGS strains investigated here.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Gerontologie + Geriatrie 33 (2000), S. 488-494 
    ISSN: 0044-281X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter¶Pflegebedürftigkeit –¶Pflegestufenzuerkennung –¶Skalenvalidierung – Clusteranalyse – Syndromspezifität ; Key words Care needs –¶stages of care –¶Pflegeversicherungsgesetz –¶scale validation – cluster analysis –¶syndrome evidence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The object of our study is the evaluation of care needs of senior citizens and the adjustment of certain stage of care according to the German Health Care Act (“Pflegeversicherungsgesetz”). For assessment of care needs we developed a new rating scale (BPS). Factor analysis of the rating scale showed 5 dimensions: (1) “Psychoorganic Syndrome” (Dementia), (2) “Physical Care Needs”, (3) “Lack of Social Skills”, (4) “Aggressiveness” and (5) “Depression”. The sample size is N=1739, mean age 82.5 years. A statistically significant partial correlation of the extent of care needs as indicated by the stage of care described by BPS dimensions was found only for dimension (2) “Physical Care Needs” (r=0.50). Cluster analysis resulted in distribution of the whole sample into 6 discriminable groups, according to their syndrome specifity (BPS profiles). Additionally clusters are different regarding the severity of need for care. It is obvious, analyzing the adjustment of stages of care within clusters, that psychiatric relevant disturbances contribute substantially to this adjustment. Nevertheless this finding is valid only for aged people, who receive regular care by ambulant or home services, and can not be transfered to senior citizens cared by their families.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Gegenstand der Studie ist die Zuerkennung von Pflegestufen nach dem Pflegeversicherungsgesetz. Der Pflegebedarf wurde mit dem Beurteilungsbogen zur Pflegebedürfigkeit von Senioren (BPS) abgeschätzt, der im Rahmen dieser Studie entwickelt wurde. Anonymität war sowohl bezüglich der Beurteiler als auch der beurteilten Personen gewährleistet. In die Studie konnten die Beurteilungen über N=1739 Senioren einbezogen werden, das Durchschnittsalter lag bei 82,5 Jahren. Die Entwicklung des Fremdbeurteilungsbogens BPS wird kurz beschrieben. Erfasst werden damit die faktorenanalytisch gesicherten Dimensionen (1) „Psychoorganisches Syndrom”, (2) „Körperbezogene Pflegebedürftigkeit”, (3) „Störungen der sozialen Kompetenz”, (4) „Aggressivität” und (5) „Depressivität”. Ein bedeutsamer Zusammenhang zwischen Pflegebedürftigkeit und Pflegestufenzuerkennung konnte lediglich für die Merkmalsausprägung auf der Skala (2) „Körperbezogene Pflegebedürftigkeit” mit einer Partialkorrelation von r=0,50 belegt werden. Mit Hilfe einer Clusteranalyse gelang die Aufteilung der Stichprobe in 6 Gruppen, für die gut beschreibbare Syndromprofile (BPS-Skalenprofile) gelten. Zugleich unterscheiden sich diese Gruppen graduell in ihrem Pflegebedarf. Eine Analyse der Pflegestufenzuerkennung in diesen Clustern ergab, dass auch psychische Beeinträchtigungen in der Pflegestufenzuerkennung Berücksichtigung finden. Gleichwohl gilt dies nur für den in die Studie einbezogenen Personenkreis der institutionell betreuten Senioren.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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