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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 117 (2002), S. 3711-3714 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The optical response of Li4+ and Li7+ exhibits three large maxima at photon energies between 1.9 and 3.6 eV, on which a fine structures could be resolved that has a peak to peak distance of about 30–40 meV. A high level ab initio calculation of Li4+ shows that this feature is due to vibrational structure of the excited electronic state. It is pointed out that the lifetime of the excited states exhibits a dramatic shortening with increasing particle size. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    The @journal of child psychology and psychiatry 41 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1469-7610
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Inpatient care is expensive and should ideally be provided for children and adolescents with the most serious psychiatric disorders. However, only little is known about inpatient treatment, e.g. the factors influencing hospital admission, the content of care in the hospital, the appropriate norms for the duration of inpatient stays, the inpatient arrangements that result in the best outcomes, or connection with necessary aftercare services. There are many methodological problems with existing research. However, it can cautiously be concluded that psychiatric hospitalisation of children and adolescents is often beneficial, particularly if special aspects of treatment are fulfilled (e.g. good therapeutic alliance, treatment with a cognitive-based problem-solving skills training package, or planned discharge) and aftercare services are available. The continuum-of-care model is promising because it provides opportunities to achieve better integration between inpatient interventions and aftercare services.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Publishers
    The @journal of child psychology and psychiatry 43 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1469-7610
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Background: An atypical EEG pattern of frontal brain activation has been found in infants and adults with emotional disorders. Eighty-two 8-year-old children and 56 11-year-old children were examined with regard to the following questions: 1. Do children who are diagnosed with anxiety disorder exhibit an atypical pattern of frontal brain activation? 2. Can this pattern be demonstrated in children of different ages? and 3. Are there gender differences in these patterns similar to those that have been demonstrated in adults? Baseline EEG activity was subjected to power spectral analysis. Results: In 8- and 11-year-old anxious girls, the well-known pattern of greater right than left frontal activation emerged that has been found previously in internalizing preschoolers. Healthy girls showed no frontal asymmetry at 8 years of age, and a greater left than right frontal brain activation at 11 years. In contrast, healthy boys demonstrated a significantly greater right than left frontal activation, whereas anxious boys displayed no frontal asymmetry at the age of 8, and a greater left than right frontal activation at the age of 11. Conclusions: Children suffering from anxiety disorders exhibited a significantly different pattern of frontal brain activation than healthy children without any lifetime diagnosis of mental disorder. Distinct gender differences in frontal activation were found in anxious as well as in healthy children. This could be demonstrated in two samples of different ages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 224 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Chitin is a minor but essential component of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall. In wild-type, chitin synthase II is required for the formation of primary septa and chitin synthase III (CSIII) is not essential. However, in chs2 mutants CSIII becomes essential for the formation of aberrant septa. We examined which of two CSIII functions, the formation of a chitin ring at bud emergence or of chitin in the remedial septa, was required for viability. By using cell cycle synchronization in combination with nikkomycin Z, a specific inhibitor of CSIII, we inhibited chitin synthesis in a chs2 mutant, during formation of either the ring or the remedial septa. The results show that only synthesis of the chitin during aberrant septa formation is essential for viability. Thus, the unique function of the chitin ring seems to be maintenance of the integrity of the mother–bud neck, as we recently found, and the importance of chitin in septum closure, both in normal and abnormal situations, is underlined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Child and adolescent mental health 5 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-3588
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) is an excessive preoccupation with an imagined, or real, slight defect in normal physical appearance. The disorder, which usually begins during adolescence, tends to be chronic, and probably is much more common than is usually thought. This review presents an overview of the available scientific literature of BDD. It provides information about historical aspects, epidemiology, clinical features, aetiology, and instruments for assessing BDD. The relationship of BDD with other psychiatric disorders such as depression, obsessive-compulsive disorders, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, eating disorders and personality disorders is discussed. Aetiological theories, including psychological and neurobiological explanations, are reviewed. Finally, psychopharmacological and psychotherapeutic treatment approaches are presented with special regard to treatment with serotonin-reuptake inhibitors, behavioural therapy and cognitive-behavioural therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 92 (2002), S. 1555-1563 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Photoacoustic spectroscopy is an absorption spectroscopy technique that is currently used for low-level gas detection and catalyst characterization. It is a promising technique for chemical analysis in mesoscale analysis systems because the detection limit scales favorably with miniaturization. This work focuses on the scaling properties of photoacoustic spectroscopy, and on the miniaturization of gas-phase photoacoustic detection of propane in a nitrogen ambient. The detection system is modeled with a transmission line analogy, which is verified experimentally. The model includes the effects of acoustic leaks and absorption saturation. These two phenomena degrade the performance of the photoacoustic detector and must be controlled to realize the scaling advantages of photoacoustic systems. The miniature brass cells used to verify the model employ hearing aid microphones and optical excitation from a mechanically chopped, 3.39 μm He–Ne laser, transmitted into the cells with an optical fiber. These cells are able to detect 10 ppm of propane in nitrogen (a signal level of ∼1 Pa/W). We also describe the development of a miniaturized photoacoustic system formed by microfabrication. In this case, the pressure-driven deflection of the detection membrane is measured optically. These systems show that photoacoustic detection may be inappropriate for systems with large variations in gas concentration because of absorption saturation and changing gas acoustic properties. Nevertheless, photoacoustic spectroscopy is a promising technique for the analysis of dilute mixtures in miniature chemical systems. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A collaborative workshop was held in May 1999 at the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre to test how well currently available methods of crystal structure prediction perform when given only the atomic connectivity for an organic compound. A blind test was conducted on a selection of four compounds and a wide range of methodologies representing the principal computer programs currently available were used. There were 11 participants who were allowed to propose at most three structures for each compound. No program gave consistently reliable results. However, seven proposed structures were close to an experimental one and were classified as `correct'. One compound occurred in two polymorphs, but only one form was predicted correctly among the calculated structures. The basic problem with lattice energy based methods of crystal structure prediction is that many structures are found within a few kJ mol−1 of the global minimum. The fine detail of the force-field methodology and parametrization influences the energy ranking within each method. Nevertheless, present methods may be useful in providing a set of structures as possible polymorphs for a given molecular structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of abnormal child psychology 28 (2000), S. 267-275 
    ISSN: 1573-2835
    Keywords: Frontal brain asymmetry ; EEG ; oppositional defiant disorder ; children ; gender
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: Abstract An atypical EEG pattern of frontal brain activation, which has been found in children and adults with emotional disorders, also is hypothesized to be present in disruptive behavior disorders. One hundred nineteen children (4 $$\frac{1}{2}$$ and 8 years of age) were examined with regard to the following questions: (1) Do children who are diagnosed with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) exhibit an atypical pattern of frontal brain activation? (2) Can this pattern be demonstrated in preschool children (4 $$\frac{1}{2}$$ years of age) as well as in school children (8 years)? (3) Are there gender differences in these patterns similar to those that have been demonstrated in adults? Spontaneous EEG activity was subjected to power spectral analysis. In oppositional preschool and elementary school girls, the well-known pattern of lower left frontal than right frontal activation emerged that has been found previously in emotionally disordered children. Healthy girls showed no frontal brain asymmetry at 4 $$\frac{1}{2}$$ years of age, and left frontal activation at 8 years. In contrast, healthy boys demonstrated a greater right than left frontal activation, whereas ODD boys did not display any frontal brain asymmetry. Thus, the pattern of frontal brain activation seems to be gender-specific. The atypical activation pattern in oppositional children is hypothesized to be a biological substrate of negative affective style.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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