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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dayside ionospheric response to changes in IMF polarity: optical and plasma-flow observations (2000)
    Springer
    Annales geophysicae 18 (2000), S. 782-788 
    Details
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Keywords: Ionosphere (ionosphere-magnetosphere interactions) ; Magnetospheric physics (magnetosphere-ionosphere interactions; polar cap phenomena)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The response of the dayside ionosphere to changes in polarity of the interplanetary magnetic field was observed by two independent techniques. The signatures were seen in the 630.0 nm red-line emission, measured by a meridian scanning photometer at Ny-Ålesund on Svalbard, and also in the line-of-sight plasma velocities monitored by the Finland CUTLASS SuperDARN radar. A time difference of some 6 to 8 min occurred between the responses of the two techniques, with the flows being first to respond. In the present case study, the longer delay in the optics suggests that ion precipitation controls the auroral emission.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-000-0782-7
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multi-instrument study of footprints of magnetopause reconnection in the summer ionosphere (2000)
    Springer
    Annales geophysicae 18 (2000), S. 1118-1127 
    Details
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Keywords: Ionosphere (ionosphere-magnetosphere interactions; particle precipitation; plasma temperature and density)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Results are presented from a multi-instrument investigation of the signatures of equatorial reconnection in the summer, sunlit ionosphere. Well-established ion dispersion signatures measured during three DMSP satellite passes were used to identify footprints in ionospheric observations made by radio tomography, and both the EISCAT ESR and mainland radars. Under the prevalent conditions of southward IMF with the Bz component increasing in magnitude, the reconnection footprint was seen to move equatorward through the ESR field-of-view. The most striking signature was in the electron temperatures of the F2 region measured by the EISCAT mainland radar that revealed significantly enhanced temperatures with a steep equatorward edge, in general agreement with the leading edge of the ion dispersion. It is suggested that this sharp transition in the electron temperature may be an indicator of the boundary, mapping from the reconnection site, between closed geomagnetic field lines and those opened along which magnetosheath ions precipitate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-000-1118-3
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polar patches observed by ESR and their possible origin in the cusp region (2000)
    Springer
    Annales geophysicae 18 (2000), S. 1043-1053 
    Details
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Keywords: Ionosphere (ionosphere–magnetosphere interactions; plasma temperature and density; polar ionosphere)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Observations by the EISCAT Svalbard radar in summer have revealed electron density enhancements in the magnetic noon sector under conditions of IMF Bz southward. The features were identified as possible candidates for polar-cap patches drifting anti-Sunward with the plasma flow. Supporting measurements by the EISCAT mainland radar, the CUTLASS radar and DMSP satellites, in a multi-instrument study, suggested that the origin of the structures lay upstream at lower latitudes, with the modulation in density being attributed to variability in soft-particle precipitation in the cusp region. It is proposed that the variations in precipitation may be linked to changes in the location of the reconnection site at the magnetopause, which in turn results in changes in the energy distribution of the precipitating particles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-000-1043-5
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Patient-assessed outcome up to three months in a randomised controlled trial comparing laparoscopic with open groin hernia repair (2000)
    Springer
    Hernia 4 (2000), S. 73-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 1248-9204
    Keywords: Inguinal hernia ; Randomised controlled trial ; Health status measures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The objective was to compare laparoscopic with open groin hernia repair in respect of patient-assessed outcome up to three months post-operatively. As part of a multicentre pragmatic trial 716 patients were recruited in 13 UK hospitals and randomly assigned to receive laparoscopic or open repair. Most participants were men (95%) with unilateral hernias (92.5%) which were inguinal (98.5%). Questionnaires were completed one week, one month, and three months after surgery. The principal endpoints were groin pain and return to usual social activities. The other outcomes were herniaspecific questions and the SF-36, EQ-5D and HADS measures. All analyses were by intention to treat. At one week and one month, respectively 10.3% and 13.9% fewer people in the laparoscopic group had groin pain and 27.7% and 37.2% fewer had numbness (all P 〈 0.001). Return to usual social activities was quicker in the laparoscopic group (P = 0.01). The laparoscopic group also had significantly more favourable scores at one week in five SF-36 subscales (physical functioning (P 〈 0.001), social functioning (P = 0.004), role physical (P 〈 0.001), role mental (P = 0.003) and pain (P 〈 0.001)), the EQ-5D utility score (P = 0.003) and the depression subscale of HADS (P = 0.001), and at one month in two SF-36 subscales (physical functioning (P = 0.01) and role physical (P = 0.01)). There was no detectable advantage by three months. Our findings that short-term outcome was better for patients allocated laparoscopic repair are consistent with other trials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02353747
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE IMPACT OF MECHANICAL RELIABILITY ON THE FINANCIAL RETURN OF A WATER-RECYCLING PLANT (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 18 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: This paper presents results from the assessment of the financial viability of a water-recycling plant based on an estimate of ‘net present value’, including the impact of mechanical reliability. The ‘net present value’of the former 0.6 Ml/d greywater recovery and re-use plant at the Millennium Dome, London was calculated over an expected lifetime of 20 years and a capital cost of £2.2 million. A detailed analysis of the mechanical faults and shutdowns at the plant showed an improvement in reliability from 73.8% to 91.2%, attainable by investing in a dedicated critical-spares facility. Defining the break-even price of water as the price for which ‘net present value’is zero, the model showed the break-even price to decrease from £1.61/m3 to £1.40/m3 by increasing reliability over the above range of values. The paper discusses the implications of this research for water-recycling applications in general.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.2004.tb00493.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Xanthelasma palpebrarum following allergic contact dermatitis from para-phenylenediamine in a black eyelash-tinting product (2003)
    Oxford, UK; Malden , USA : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Contact dermatitis 49 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0105-1873.2003.0251g.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of sample dimensions on hydroxyl ion release from calcium hydroxide products (2000)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Dental traumatology 16 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0595
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract – The purpose of this study was to compare the rate of hydroxyl ion release from commercially available setting and non-setting calcium hydroxide products. The rate of hydroxyl ion release is important, as this has been suggested to be the main factor in the therapeutic activity of these products. In total, hydroxyl ion release was measured from 1104 samples of Dycal, Life, Calasept and Hypocal in solution using in vitro titration. The rate of hydroxyl ion release was measured for up to 14 days, using two sizes of sample surface area. The dimensions of the exposed sample surface area was found to be an important physical constraint to the hydroxyl ion release from non-setting calcium hydroxide products, whereas this was not found to be the case with setting products. The range in hydroxide activity between products was found to be 298%. In rank order of hydroxide ion release, from the most to the least active was: Hypocal, Calasept, Life and Dycal. The differences in the rate of hydroxyl ion release from these products may have some implications for their clinical applications. It is suggested that in cases where the oral healing responses have been poorer than expected, the size and seal of prepared cavities could have negatively influenced the therapeutic release of hydroxyl ions from non-setting calcium hydroxide products.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-9657.2000.016006251.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TCR Vβ expression in the small bowel of patients with dermatitis herpetiformis and gluten sensitive enteropathy (2000)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Experimental dermatology 9 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0625
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) is a blistering skin disease characterized by cutaneous deposits of IgA and an associated, most often asymptomatic, gluten sensitive enteropathy (GSE). Gluten sensitive enteropathy is also seen in patients that do not have skin disease or cutaneous IgA deposits, but do have significant gastrointestinal (GI) complaints. Patients with DH and with GSE without skin disease have similar small bowel morphologic changes and HLA associations and both the skin disease and the GI symptoms can be controlled by a gluten free diet. It is not known what factors allow almost all patients with DH to continue to eat gluten and not develop symptomatic gastrointestinal disease. We have examined the expression of the Vβ T-cell receptor (TCR) in the small bowel of patients with DH (n=11) and of patients with both symptomatic (n=10) and asymptomatic (n=7) GSE without skin disease to determine if differences in the pattern of TCR Vβ expression are associated with differences in the clinical manifestations of these diseases. TCR Vβ expression was analyzed using RT-PCR from small bowel biopsies. Patients with DH and those with GSE without skin disease that were on a gluten free diet and asymptomatic were found to express 6.6 and 5.6 out of 20 Vβ families respectively, with no single family preference. Examination of peripheral blood lymphocytes from these patients did not reveal any restriction of TCR Vβ family expression. In contrast, patients with symptomatic GSE expressed 12.6 Vβ families (P〈 0.05), with no consistent preferential expression of any single Vβ family between patients. Patients with DH, who are continuing to ingest wheat, show a more restricted pattern of TCR Vβ utilization, similar to that of treated patients with GSE without skin disease, and significantly different from GSE without skin disease patients eating gluten. These findings suggest that the restricted nature of the TCR Vβ expression may play a role in the different clinical manifestations of dermatitis herpetiformis and isolated gluten sensitive enteropathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0625.2000.009004275.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth and nutritional trials on transgenic Nile tilapia containing an exogenous fish growth hormone gene (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 59 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In a long-term growth trial, transgenic tilapia Oreochromis niloticus L. showed a 2·5-fold increase in growth compared with non-transgenic siblings. At 7 months, mean mass of transgenic tilapia was 653 g compared with 260 g for non-transgenic siblings. A significant increase (P 〉0·01) in head: total length ratio, viscera-somatic index and hepato-somatic index was observed in transgenic fish. Female gonado-somatic index (I G) was found to be lower in transgenics than non-transgenic siblings in both mixed and separate culture conditions. Transgenic male I G values were found to be higher in mixed culture and lower in separate culture than that of their non-transgenic siblings. Food conversion efficiency was more than 20% greater in the transgenic fish. In a second shorter-term growth performance trial, the transgenic fish grew to about four times the size of their non-transgenic siblings. A digestibility trial suggested that transgenic tilapia were more efficient utilizers of protein, dry matter and energy. Apparent digestibility of protein and apparent energy digestibility were higher in the transgenic fish.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2001.tb02338.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relative effectiveness of powered and manual toothbrushes in elderly patients with implant-supported mandibular overdentures (2002)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of clinical periodontology 29 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the clinical effectiveness of a powered toothbrush (Braun Oral-B Plaque Remover 3-D) and a manual soft toothbrush (Oral-B Squish-grip brush) for the control of supragingival plaque and soft tissue inflammation around implants supporting mandibular overdentures.Material and methods: The study sample involved 40 edentulous subjects, aged 55–80 years, having 2 unsplinted mandibular implants supporting a complete removable overdenture opposed by a maxillary complete denture. In this single-blinded, randomised, cross-over clinical trial, two 6-week experimental phases were separated by a 2-week wash-out period. 2 weeks prior to each experimental phase (pre-entry visits), implant abutments were polished to remove all plaque and a standardised instruction in the use of the toothbrush was given. Modified plaque and bleeding indices were recorded at the start and end of each experimental period. Mean index scores at each phase were analysed using paired t-test, and the mean number of sites showing a change in plaque or mucositis were compared using the Mann-Whitney U-test. Combined data from 2 different implant systems were considered after controlling for implant type.Results: Only minor changes in plaque and bleeding scores were observed following the two test periods. There were no statistically significant differences between the manual and powered toothbrushes.Conclusion: Manual and powered brushes were found to be of comparable efficacy with regard to improvement in peri-implant bleeding and plaque indices.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-051X.2002.290401.x
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