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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induction, distribution and modulation of upper airway allergic inflammation in mice (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 31 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background To further elucidate mechanisms of human allergic rhinosinusitis, we studied the induction, distribution and modulation of allergen-induced upper airway inflammation in a BALB/c mouse model.Methods Allergic inflammation induced with ovalbumin (OVA) by intraperitoneal (IP) injection in alum was compared to repeated intranasal instillation. The type and distribution of inflammatory cells was compared in the respiratory and olfactory epithelial compartments. Eosinophil distribution was assessed using Scarlet Red stain and a polyclonal antibody recognizing eosinophil major basic protein (MBP). The role of interleukin (IL)-5 in upper airway inflammation was tested by administration of polyclonal anti-IL-5 antibody during the sensitization protocol.Results Unsensitized control mice receiving saline failed to develop upper airway eosinophil infiltration. IP OVA-sensitized mice developed marked upper airway mucosal eosinophil infiltration after aerosol OVA challenge, whereas repeated intranasal instillation of OVA produced qualitatively similar, but less intense eosinophil infiltration. Using either sensitization protocol, eosinophil infiltration was seen in areas of the lower portion of the nasal septum, the floor and the lower lateral walls of the mid-caudal region of the nasal cavity. Immunofluorescence staining for MBP confirmed this distribution of eosinophils but also demonstrated some eosinophils in the maxillary sinuses and in circumscribed regions of the ethmoturbinates. All areas of eosinophil infiltration were lined by respiratory epithelium. The selective infiltration of respiratory but not olfactory epithelium by eosinophils was unassociated with a measurable induction of epithelial ICAM-1 or eotaxin expression. OVA-induced upper airway eosinophil infiltration was found to be IL-5 dependent, since administration of a polyclonal anti-IL-5 antibody (TRFK-5) during OVA sensitization resulted in a marked modulation (80% decrease) in eosinophil infiltration in response to subsequent OVA challenge.Conclusion The mouse upper airway, specifically in areas containing respiratory epithelium, is a target for OVA-induced allergic inflammation. This selective infiltration of respiratory, but not olfactory, epithelium is, in part, dependent upon IL-5. This model is useful for further dissection of the inflammatory response with genetic manipulations and targeted immunological approaches.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2001.01129.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characteristics of intramucosal gastric carcinoma with lymph node metastatic disease (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Histopathology 44 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Aim:  Recent trends in treatment strategy for early gastric cancer (EGC) are towards minimal surgical procedures, such as endoscopic mucosal resection and laparoscopic partial resection. There is a possibility of incomplete removal of regional lymph nodes in minimal procedures, which may subsequently decrease the chance of a cure. Therefore, it is essential to be able to predict lymph node status and to make careful selection of candidates for mucosal resection.Methods and results:  We studied the relationship between lymph node status and various pathological parameters including macroscopic appearance, location, size, differentiation, presence of ulceration, vascularity, presence of gastritis cystica profunda-like glandular proliferation, disruption of the muscularis mucosae and invasion into the muscularis mucosae, using age- and sex-matched samples of 40 node-positive and 80 node-negative tumours to define the characteristics of intramucosal EGCs. Histological differentiation (P 〈 0.001), increased submucosal vascularity (P 〈 0.05), breakdown of the muscularis mucosae (P 〈 0.05), and invasion of tumour cells into the muscularis mucosae (P 〈 0.05) were correlated with the lymph node status of intramucosal gastric carcinoma. Furthermore, diffuse type histology (P 〈 0.001) and deep invasion into the muscularis mucosae (P 〈 0.05) were indicators of node-positive intramucosal EGCs.Conclusions:  These histological indicators are easily accessible and seem to predict lymph node metastatic disease in limited surgical specimens. Patients should be carefully selected despite the recent trend toward less invasive resection of EGCs, especially for those apparently confined to the mucosa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2559.2004.01870.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metamorphic evolution of the coesite-bearing ultrahigh-pressure terrane in the North Qaidam, Northern Tibet, NW China (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of metamorphic geology 21 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1525-1314
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Widespread evidence for ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphism is reported in the Dulan eclogite-bearing terrane, the North Qaidam–Altun HP–UHP belt, northern Tibet. This includes: (1) coesite and associated UHP mineral inclusions in zircon separates from paragneiss and eclogite (identified by laser Raman spectroscopy); (2) inclusions of quartz pseudomorphs after coesite and polycrystalline K-feldspar + quartz in eclogitic garnet and omphacite; and (3) densely oriented SiO2 lamellae in omphacitic clinopyroxene. These lines of evidence demonstrate that the Dulan region is a UHP metamorphic terrane. In the North Dulan Belt (NDB), eclogites are characterized by the peak assemblage Grt + Omp + Rt + Phn + Coe (pseudomorph) and retrograde symplectites of Cpx + Ab and Hbl + Pl. The peak conditions of the NDB eclogites are P = 2.9–3.2 GPa, and T = 631–687 °C; the eclogite shows a near-isothermal decompression P–T path suggesting a fast exhumation. In the South Dulan Belt (SDB), three metamorphic stages are recognized in eclogites: (1) a peak eclogite facies stage with the assemblage Grt + Omp + Ky + Rt + Phn at P = 2.9–3.3 GPa and T = 729–746 °C; (2) a high-pressure granulite facies stage with Grt + Cpx (Jd 〈 30) + Pl (An24–29) + Scp at P = 1.9–2.0 GPa, T = 873–948 °C; and (3) an amphibolite facies stage with the assemblage Hbl + Pl + Ep/Czo at P = 0.7–0.9 GPa and T = 660–695 °C. The clockwise P–T path of the SDB eclogites is different from the near-isothermal decompression P–T path from the NDB eclogites, which suggests that the SDB was exhumed to a stable crustal depth at a slower rate. In essence these two sub-belts formed in different tectonic settings; they both subducted to mantle depths of around 100 km, but were exhumed to the Earth's surface separately along different paths. This UHP terrane plays an important role in understanding continental collision in north-western China.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1314.2003.00469.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermally stable spin valve films with synthetic antiferromagnet pinned by NiMn for recording heads beyond 20 Gbit/in.2 (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 5720-5722 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The thermal stability of spin valve films with synthetic antiferromagnet (SAF) pinned by antiferromagnetic IrMn, NiO, and NiMn layers were studied. The SAF layer enhances the thermal stability in general; however, the blocking temperature (and the blocking temperature distribution) of the antiferromagnet is still important for the magnetic rigidity of the pinned layer. Once the temperature reaches the blocking temperature the SAF layer can go into either the spin flip or flop state, depending upon the magnetic moment ratio of the reference layer and pinned layers. The GMR linear head response can be distorted for nonlinearity. The NiMn pinned SAF structure shows magnetic and thermal stability which makes it practical for the real products. A high GMR of 11% can be obtained in both bottom and top NiMn SAF spin valves by advanced processes. Recording heads were built using such stacks which demonstrated recording areal density of 20 Gbit/in.2 and beyond. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.372500
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selective growth of InAs self-assembled quantum dots on nanopatterned SiO2/Si substrate (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 78 (2001), S. 1403-1405 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report the selective growth of InAs self-assembled quantum dots (SAQDs) on silicon-dioxide/silicon (SiO2/Si) substrates patterned in nanometer scale. The SiO2 thin film is found to be an efficient mask material for prohibiting the growth of InAs SAQDs, while the formation of stable SAQDs is observed on the exposed surface of Si. We have utilized this selectivity to demonstrate almost one-dimensional alignment of InAs SAQDs on Si stripes. The crystallinity of SAQDs is also identified by high-resolution transmission electron microscope observation. Our study opens up a possibility of reliably integrating III–V quantum dot devices with conventional Si circuits. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1352049
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of atomic-force-microscope direct patterning to selective positioning of InAs quantum dots on GaAs (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 77 (2000), S. 2607-2609 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The application of atomic-force-microscope (AFM) direct patterning to the selective positioning of InAs quantum dots (QDs) on a (100) GaAs substrate has been proposed and experimentally implemented. The AFM direct patterning was used to generate various patterns of several tens of nanometers in size, and InAs QDs were subsequently grown by a metalorganic chemical vapor deposition technique. A nonuniform distribution of the QDs was observed near the patterns. The detailed shape of the QD distribution and the size of the QDs depended on the geometrical properties such as the sidewall angle, the spacing, and the width of the patterns. We have been able to ascertain, through our work, what growth conditions are necessary for QDs' alignment along the patterns. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1318393
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microencapsulation of Lactobacillus casei YIT 9018 using a Microporous Glass Membrane Emulsification System (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 68 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: : Microporous glass (MPG) membrane emulsification was used for micro encapsulation of Lactoba-cillus casei YIT 9018. Several process parameters of membrane emulsification were investigated for producing a stable emulsion. The droplet dia in the emulsion depended upon the membrane pore size. The monodispersed emulsion obtained by this technique resulted in well-formed microcapsules with a narrow particle size distribution. For artificial gastric acid and bile, the viable count of encapsulated cells was constant through the incubation time, while the count of nonencapsulated cells was significantly decreased. A storage stability test at different temperatures resulted in a viability of encapsulated cells 3 to 5 log cycles higher than the viability of nonencapsulated cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2003.tb14139.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TEMPORAL CHANGES IN THE YADKIN RIVER FLOW VERSUS SUSPENDED SEDIMENT CONCENTRATION RELATIONSHIP (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 40 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Dynamic linear models (DLM) and seasonal trend decomposition (STL) using local regression, or LOESS, were used to analyze the 50-year time series of suspended sediment concentrations for the Yadkin River, measured at the U.S. Geological Survey station at Yadkin College, North Carolina. A DLM with constant trend, seasonality, and a log10 streamflow regressor provided the best model to predict monthly mean log10 suspended sediment concentrations, based on the forecast log likelihood. Using DLM, there was evidence (odds approximately 69:1) that the log10 streamflow versus log10 suspended sediment concentration relationship has changed, with an approximate 20 percent increase in the log10 streamflow coefficient over the period 1981 to 1996. However, sediment concentrations in the Yadkin River have decreased during the decade of the 1990s, which has been accompanied by a concomitant increase in streamflow variability. Although STL has been shown to be a versatile trend analysis technique, DLM is shown to be more suitable for discovery and inference of structural changes (trends) in the model coefficient describing the relationship between flow and sediment concentration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2004.tb01581.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Ellagic Acid by Oral Administration on N-Acetylation and Metabolism of 2-Aminofluorene in Rat Brain Tissues (2000)
    Springer
    Neurochemical research 25 (2000), S. 1503-1508 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6903
    Keywords: Ellagic acid ; 2-aminofluorene (AF) ; N-acetyltransferase (NAT) ; cerebrum ; cerebellum ; pineal gland
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Numerous studies have demonstrated that the Acetyl Coenzyme A-dependent arylamine NAT enzyme exist in many tissues of experimental animals including humans, and that NAT has been shown to be exist in mouse brain tissue. Increased NAT activity levels are associated with increased sensitivity to the mutagenic effects of arylamine carcinogens. Attenuation of liver NAT activity is related to breast and bladder cancer processes. Therefore, the effects of ellagic acid (EA) on the in vitro and in vivo N-acetylation of 2-aminofluorene (AF) were investigated in cerebrum, cerebellum and pineal gland tissues from male Sprague-Dawley rats. For in vitro examination, cytosols with or without EA (0.5–500 μM) co-treatment decreased 7–72%, 15–63% and 10–78% of AF acetylation for cerebrum, cerebellum and pineal gland tissues, respectively. For in vivo examination, EA and AF at the same time treated groups with all 3 examined tissues did show significant differences (the changes of total amounts of AF and AF metabolites based on the Anova analysis) when compared to the ones without EA cotreatment rats. The pretreatment of male rats with EA (10 mg/kg) 24 hr prior to the administration of AF (50 mg/kg) (one day of EA administration suffice to induce large changes in phase II enzyme activity) resulted in a 76% decrease in total AF and metabolites in pineal gland but did not show significant differences in cerebrum and cerebellum tissues. This is the first demonstration to show that EA decreases the N-acetylation of carcinogens in rat brain tissues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007632326953
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surfactant effect on the lower critical solution temperature of poly(organophosphazenes) with methoxy-poly(ethylene glycol) and amino acid esters as side groups (2000)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 278 (2000), S. 1097-1102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words Polyphosphazene ; Thermosensitivity ; Lower critical solution temperature ; Surfactant effect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  The surfactant effect on the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of thermosensitive poly(organophosphazenes) with methoxy-poly(ethylene glycol) and amino acid esters as side groups was examined in terms of molecular interactions between the polyphosphazenes and surfactants including various anionic, cationic, and nonionic surfactants in aqueous solution. Most of the anionic and cationic surfactants increased the LCST of the polymers: the LCST increased more sharply with increasing length and hydrophobicity of the hydrophobic part of the surfactant molecule. The ΔLCSTs (T 0.03M − T 0M), the change in the LCST by addition of 0 and 0.03 M sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), were found to be 7.0 and 14.5 °C for the polymers bearing ethyl esters of glycine and aspartic acid, respectively. The LCST increase of poly(organophosphazene) having a more hydrophobic aspartic acid ethyl ester was 2 times larger compared with that of the polymer having glycine ethyl ester as a side group. The binding behavior of SDS to the polymer bearing glycine ethyl ester as a hydrophobic group was explained from the results of titration of the polymer solutions containing SDS with tetrapropylammonium bromide. Graphic models for the molecular interactions of polymer/surfactant and polymer/surfactant/salt in aqueous solutions were proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003960000368
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