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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Voltammetric determination of copper at chemically modified electrodes based on crown ethers (2000)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 367 (2000), S. 373-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The feasibility of fabricating copper-sensitive chemically modified electrodes (CMEs) for trace analysis in aqueous and in 40% (v/v) ethanol-water media was investigated. Carbon paste electrodes modified with crown ethers were constructed by mixing the crown ethers into a graphite powder-paraffin oil matrix. The electrodes so formed were able to bind Cu(II) ions chemically and gave better voltammetric responses than the unmodified ones. The crown ethers studied and compared were 15-crown-5, benzo-15-crown-5 and dibenzo-18-crown-6. With a 3% benzo-15-crown-5 CME, Cu(II) could be quantified at sub-ppm levels by differential pulse voltammetry with a detection limit of 0.05 ppm. By differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry Cu(II) could be quantified over the range 1 to 100 ppb. Interference from metal ions like Ni(II), Co(II), Mn(II), Fe(II), etc. have also been studied. The method was successfully applied to artificial as well as commercial samples of alcoholic beverages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160000411
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factor replacement therapy in haemophilia – are there models for developing countries? (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Haemophilia 9 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2516
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary.  Successful models for factor replacement in severe haemophilia involves prophylactic or on-demand administration of large quantities (1500–9000 IU kg−1 year−1) of very high purity factor concentrates starting early in life. The prohibitive cost of these protocols make them completely impractical in developing countries where the quantity of factor used for replacement therapy is much lower and varies considerably (25–500 IU kg−1 year−1). At this level of treatment, as some joint damage is inevitable, the aim of therapy shifts to preventing disability and preserving reasonable joint function rather than perfect architecture. There are no carefully recorded data on long-term outcome of musculo-skeletal function on these doses. Appropriate studies are needed to document such data. With regard to products for factor replacement, economic compulsions lead to the use a variety of factor concentrates and blood-bank products for replacement therapy. Most patients in the developing world do not have access to adequate replacement therapy. Among the rest, some get limited quantities of plasma-derived concentrates while others use cryoprecipitate, fresh frozen plasma or even whole blood. Since the superiority of virus-inactivated purified factor concentrates in achieving the aims of replacement therapy is well established, the aim should be to provide this for all people with haemophilia. This can be achieved by production of such concentrates locally or by importing them. Different models are possible depending on the circumstances in each country.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2516.2003.00766.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comprehensive care for haemophilia around the world (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Haemophilia 10 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2516
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary.  Comprehensive haemophilia care has been defined as the continuing supervision of all medical and psychosocial factors affecting the person with haemophilia family. Services offered by haemophilia treatment centres (HTCs) adopting the comprehensive care model include establishing prophylaxis and other treatment protocols, development of psychosocial, education and research programme, maintenance of a patient registry, genetic and reference diagnostic services and orchestration and management of a wide variety of multidisciplinary interventions. Most centres practising this model of care are based in developed countries and can meet costs for plentiful treatment products through government or insurance-company funding. Not all the programmes are dependent on the level of product supply, however, and many have been supported in countries with emerging economies as part of national healthcare systems, particularly in relation to blood management. In this paper we present perspectives from different areas of the world on how to adopt, adapt and achieve economically appropriate models of comprehensive care.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2516.2004.01010.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Informativeness of linkage analysis for genetic diagnosis of haemophilia A in India (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Haemophilia 10 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2516
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary.  The objective of this study was to assess the frequency of factor VIII (FVIII) gene intron 1 and intron 22 inversions and the informativeness of polymorphic markers for the genetic diagnosis of patients with haemophilia A (HA). Fifty unrelated patients with HA were first assessed for the intron 1 and intron 22 inversion mutations. Inversion-negative families were then screened for the bi-allelic intragenic markers – intron 7 G→A polymorphism, HindIII site in intron 19 and XbaI site in intron 22 and the multiallelic dinucleotide CA repeat alleles in introns 13 and 22. The extragenic, multiallelic VNTR DXS52 (st14) was also analysed. Intron 22 inversion mutation was found in 38% (n = 19) of all patients and 46% of those with severe HA. Intron 1 inversion was found in one (2%) patient. Of the 30 inversion-negative families, XbaI site polymorphism was the single most informative marker (70%, n = 21/30) followed by HindIII (60%, n = 18/30), intron 13 CA repeats (56.66%, n = 17/30), intron 22 CA repeats (50%, n = 15/30), DXS52 VNTR (23.33%, n = 7/30) and intron 7 G→A polymorphism (6.66%, n = 2/30). The combined use of these markers was informative in 92% (n = 46/50) of HA families. Based on the informativeness of these markers a comprehensive algorithm has been proposed for genetic diagnosis of HA in India.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2516.2004.00908.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Choice of factor concentrates for haemophilia: a developing world perspective (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Haemophilia 7 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2516
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Provision of factor concentrates continues to be the single greatest challenge in providing effective haemophilia care in the developing world. While concerns for ultimate safety and very high purity dominate the selection of factor concentrates in developed countries, availability and cost are the pressing issues in developing countries. There certainly is concern for reasonable safety but purity is often considered an unaffordable luxury. Cost-effective protocols need to be designed for factor replacement in these countries where liberal on-demand therapy and prophylaxis are not possible. It is also essential to establish a good transfusion service for collecting adequate quantities of safe plasma. Support from government and health insurance is required to allow access to at least modest quantities of virus-inactivated factor concentrates. Depending on the situation in each country, factor concentrates may be imported, contract-fractionated or locally produced. Paradigms of effective management of this problem exist within the developing world. Untill such time as these examples are widely emulated, less safe products will continue to be used in situations where a distinction frequent needs to be made between what is ideal and what is practical.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2516.2001.00468.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dose and outcome of care in haemophilia – how do we define cost-effectiveness? (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Haemophilia 10 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2516
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary.  Severe haemophilia (factor [F]VIII/FIX activity 〈 0.01 IU mL−1) is characterized by repeated haemarthroses resulting in severe arthropathy in adulthood. In 1958, Professor Nilsson in Sweden introduced prophylactic infusions with clotting factor concentrates at regular intervals in order to maintain clotting factor levels above 0.01 IU mL−1 and to prevent bleeding. Since then, evidence of the long-term beneficial effects of prophylactic treatment for severe haemophilia has been increasing and it has become the recommended treatment strategy for children with severe haemophilia by both the World Health Organization and the US National Hemophilia Foundation Medical and Scientific Advisory Committee. However, the implementation of this recommendation has been hampered by issues of cost and venous access. The high costs of prophylaxis have largely prevented its use in major parts of the world. The question therefore is whether the current models of replacement of clotting factor concentrates, while certainly being effective, are also optimal. Can the data on outcome at different levels of factor replacement be used to assess their cost-effectiveness?
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2516.2004.01047.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    External fixators in haemophilia (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Haemophilia 10 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2516
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary.  External fixators (EF) are not commonly used for patients with haemophilia. We describe the use of EF (Ilizarov, AO- uni- and bi-planar fixators and Charnley clamp) in nine patients (mean age: 19.2 years; range: 9–37) with haemophilia for the following indications – arthrodesis of infected joints, treatment of open fractures and osteoclasis. EF required an average of nine skin punctures [range: 4–17 were maintained for a period of 15 weeks (range: 8–29.5), without regular factor replacement, till bone healing was adequate and were removed with a single dose of factor infusion]. The mean preoperative factor level achieved was 85% (range: 64–102%). Much lower levels were subsequently maintained till wound healing. The average total factor consumption was 430 IU kg−1 (range: 240–870), administered over a period of 17 days (range: 9–44). There were no major complications related to EF except in a patient who developed inhibitors. In conclusion, EF can be used safely in haemophilic patients who do not have inhibitors and does not require prolonged factor replacement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2516.2003.00844.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resynthesis of Brassica juncea through interspecific crosses between B. rapa and B. nigra (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 123 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The objective of this study was to broaden the genetic base in oleiferous Brassica juncea by resynthesis, using 10 diverse parental lines of oleiferous B. rapa and two lines of B. nigra of both Indian and exotic origin. Out of 14 crosses attempted using B. rapa as the female parent, eight were successful. Embryo rescue was necessary to obtain interspecific plants. A total of 29 fertile interspecific plants were obtained after colchicine treatment. In the S2 generation, the expression of component characters in the majority of the resynthesized plants showed a negative trend. The resynthesized B. juncea lines are being maintained through repeated selfing and selection at each generation for desirable plant types. This process will continue till the progeny lines of the desirable plants achieve uniformity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0523.2003.00933.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development and Application of a Serum C-Telopeptide and Osteocalcin Assay to Measure Bone Turnover in an Ovariectomized Rat Model (2000)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 66 (2000), S. 435-442 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: C-telopeptide of type-I collagen — osteocalcin — Radioimmunoassay — ELISA — Ovariectomy.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Biochemical markers applicable to the ovariectomized rat model can provide important tools for studying the bone remodeling process in this animal model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. We describe the development and application of two biochemical markers, a C-telopeptide (of type-I collagen) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for measuring bone resorption and an osteocalcin radioimmunoassay (RIA) for measuring bone formation in rat serum. The C-telopeptide ELISA is based on an affinity purified polyclonal antibody generated against human sequence DFSFLPQPPQEKAHDGGR. The antibody epitope involves amino acid sequence, which is similar in rat and human carboxyl terminal peptide of type-I (alpha 1) collagen. Sensitivity of the ELISA was 0.3 ng/ml. The averaged intra- and interassay variation was CV 〈7%. Averaged dilution and spiked recoveries were 91% and 105%, respectively. The second marker developed is a synthetic peptide-based osteocalcin RIA, which does not require isolation and purification of intact osteocalcin from rat bone. Osteocalcin antiserum used in the RIA was generated in rabbits against a synthetic peptide comprising amino acids 33–49 of the rat osteocalcin sequence. The sensitivity of the RIA was 0.15 ng/ml of peptide. The averaged intra (n = 10) and interassay variations for two controls were CV 〈9% and 12%, respectively. The averaged dilution and spiked recoveries were 99.6%. In vivo validation of the C-telopeptide ELISA and osteocalcin RIA was performed in an ovariectomized (OVX) rat model. In 12-week-old OVX Sprague Dawley rats, the C-telopeptide and osteocalcin concentrations were approximately 65% and 40%, respectively, higher than the sham group. Estradiol repletion significantly lowered the C-telopeptide and osteocalcin concentration to the levels of the sham group. In addition, changes in serum C-telopeptide concentration correlated negatively with trabecular BMD measured by pQCT (r =−0.51, P 〈 0.001). In conclusion, the C-telopeptide ELISA and osteocalcin RIA exhibited required sensitivity, accuracy, and adequate discriminatory power to be used for measuring bone resorption and bone formation in the ovariectomized rat model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002230010088
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development and Application of a Synthetic Peptide-Based Osteocalcin Assay for the Measurement of Bone Formation in Mouse Serum (2000)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 67 (2000), S. 255-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Osteocalcin — Radioimmunoassay — Mouse — Ovariectomy.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The mouse is frequently used as an animal model to study skeletal mechanisms relevant to humans. Biochemical markers of bone formation and resorption provide one of the key parameters for assessing skeletal metabolism. One biochemical marker that has proven to be useful in the studies of mouse skeletal metabolism is osteocalcin. Assay for osteocalcin is available in the mouse. The present study describes development of an osteocalcin radioimmunoassay (RIA) using a synthetic peptide. Intact osteocalcin purified from mouse bone extracts shows parallel displacement with synthetic peptide. Sensitivity of the RIA was 19 ng/ml. The average (n = 9) intra- and interassay coefficient of variation for two controls was less than 10%; the averaged recoveries were 106%. The osteocalcin concentration measured by peptide RIA shows a high correlation (r = 0.88, n = 117, P 〈 0.0001) with an intact osteocalcin assay. In addition, when the intact assay and peptide assays were applied to evaluate skeletal perturbation, similar results were obtained. Accordingly, osteocalcin levels measured by both intact and peptide-based RIA in 8-week C57BL/6J (n = 8) mice treated with PTH 1-34 were twofold higher compared with the vehicle-treated control group. Further studies of the application of the peptide-based RIA for osteocalcin revealed that osteocalcin levels in 4-week postovariectomized (OVX) C57BL/6N mice (n = 10) were 80% higher than the sham-operated (n = 10) mice receiving vehicle. OVX mice receiving weekly injections of estradiol (400 μg/kg body weight) were 38% lower compared with the OVX group treated with vehicle. In conclusion, the peptide-based RIA has analytical and a discriminative power similar to that of the intact osteocalcin assay but has the advantage that the resources for this assay are much easier to accrue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002230001109
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