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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cyclosporine A-associated fatal central nervous system angiopathy in a bone marrow transplant recipient: an autopsy case (2000)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 99 (2000), S. 680-684 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Basilar artery ; Vasoconstriction ; Cyclosporine A ; Bone marrow transplantation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report here the case of a 32-year-old woman who suffered from a unique angiopathy in the central nervous system (CNS). She died of multiple infarcts in the brain stem and cerebellum during treatment with cyclosporine A after bone marrow transplantation for refractory anemia with excess of blasts. The autopsy findings showed segmental narrowing of the basilar artery, in which circumferential dissection of the internal elastic lamina had occurred. The distal portion of the basilar artery was obstructed by upward dislocation of the dissected intima. Similar angiopathy was also observed at multiple sites along the basilar artery branches. These findings suggest endothelial damage, including vasoconstriction and dissection of the CNS arteries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010051179
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cloning and expression of the chicken immunoglobulin joining (J)-chain cDNA (2000)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 51 (2000), S. 85-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Keywords: Key words J chain ; Polymeric immunoglobulin ; Ontogeny ; Evolution ; Comparative immunology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The J chain is a component of polymeric immunoglobulin (Ig) molecules and may play an important role in their polymerization and the transport of polymeric Ig across epithelial cells. In this study, the primary structure of the chicken J chain was determined by sequencing cDNA clones. The cDNA had an open reading frame of 476 nucleotides encoding a putative protein of 158 amino acid residues including the signal sequence. The 3′ untranslated region consisted of 1216 nucleotides and a poly(A) tail. The deduced amino acid sequence of the chicken J chain had a high degree of homology to that of human, cow, rabbit, mouse, frog, and earthworm, with eight conserved Cys residues identical to the mammalian J chains. Northern blot hybridization performed with total RNA from various chicken tissues revealed high levels of J-chain mRNA expression in spleen, intestine, Harderian gland, and bursa of Fabricius, and low levels in the thymus. The J chain was expressed in the bursa as early as day 15 of embryogenesis. These data indicated that the chicken J-chain gene displays a high degree of homology with that of other species, and is expressed at an early stage of development of the chicken immune system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002510050016
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of nuclear factor-κ B in the expression by tumor necrosis factor-α of the human polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR ) gene (2000)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 51 (2000), S. 289-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Keywords: Key words Human ; Mucosa ; Gene regulation ; Cytokines ; Transcription factors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  We analyzed the mechanism of human polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) gene upregulation by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Northern blot analysis showed that the expression of pIgR mRNA was enhanced by TNF-α stimulation. This activation was completely inhibited by RNA polymerase or protein synthesis inhibitors, suggesting that the regulation of pIgR gene expression depends on de novo RNA and protein synthesis. Furthermore, the stimulation of pIgR mRNA by TNF-α was decreased by pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate and l-1-4′-tosylamino-phenylethyl-chloromethyl ketone, which are known nuclear factor (NF)-κB inhibitors. For further analysis of gene regulation, we cloned and sequenced the 1.5-kb 5′-flanking region of the pIgR gene. In the upstream region, we found two NF-κB-binding motifs (named κB1 and κB2 from the 5′ region). An electrophoretic mobility shift assay indicated that two components of the NF-κB/Rel family, p50 and p65, bound with higher affinity to the κB2 element than to the κB1 element. We also analyzed pIgR gene expression using reporter plasmids expressing the firefly luciferase gene. Stimulation by TNF-α significantly activated the pIgR gene promoter, as a 775-bp upstream region of the pIgR gene increased luciferase gene expression in cells treated with TNF-α. The activation of promoter activity by TNF-α was abolished when a mutation was inserted into κB1 or κB2. These data indicated that pIgR gene expression induced by TNF-α is transcriptionally regulated via activation of NF-κB. In addition, there is a possibility that another factor may act in concert with NF-κB.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002510050622
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of Bulk Cementite Produced by Mechanical Alloying and Spark Plasma Sintering (2003)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Journal of metastable and nanocrystalline materials Vol. 15-16 (Apr. 2003), p. 607-614 
    Details
    ISSN: 1422-6375
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/43/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FJMNM.15-16.607.pdf
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of fatigue caused to human body by solar exposure by measuring brain function performance (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of cosmetic science 26 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Following direct exposure to sunlight while pursuing leisure activities, many have noticed a strong sense of fatigue in the evening. In this regard, our results of a survey of awareness showed that the development of fatigue from solar exposure of the body was generally recognized. On the other hand, a tool for objective and quantitative determination of mental fatigue has recently been reported. Known as the Advanced Trail Making Test (ATMT), it is a method of evaluating brain function. In the present study, we attempted to determine fatigue development caused by exposure of the human body to solar radiation using ATMT results. For 3 days in the summer season, 15 male subjects (26–41 years old) received exposure to the sun equivalent to 100 kJ cm−2 of ultraviolet radiation three to four times each day. During the periods of exposure, the subjects wore short-sleeved shirts and short pants, and covered their heads with a towel. Following the 3-day period, they were divided into two groups based on their subjective evaluation of a sense of tiredness, fatigued (n = 10) and non-fatigued (n = 5). In the fatigued group, a significant increase in the subjective score for fatigue sense was observed in the evening of all 3 days following sun exposure, as well as in the morning of the third day, as compared with those in the non-fatigued group. Further, a significant increase in average ATMT value was also observed in the fatigued group in the evening of the first and second days following sun exposure, as well as in the morning of the third day. These results indicate that ATMT may be a useful evaluation tool for quantitative and objective measurement of mental fatigue caused by exposure to sunlight.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2494.2004.00231_1.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study of the photolightening mechanism of blond hair with visible and ultraviolet light (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of cosmetic science 26 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In this study the photolightening behavior of blond hair was investigated. The results demonstrated that visible (VIS) and ultraviolet (UV) light lighten blond hair through different mechanisms. VIS light was found to contribute much more to the lightening of blond hair than UV light, and acted directly, while UV light only lightened blond hair that had been washed following irradiation. VIS and UV light both, however, lightened to a similar degree isolated melanin granules and decomposed melanin granules that were exposed on a cross section of blond hair. These results indicate that melanin granules are equally sensitive to both forms of light while blond hair is most sensitive to VIS light. The results also indicate that hair tissues, excluding melanin granules, are damaged by UV light but not by VIS light. Based on these facts, the hypothetical lightening mechanism of UV light is assumed to be that UV light preferentially attacks and damages hair tissues rather than melanin granules. This occurs only after the hair is washed, as the washing process removes the melanin granules that effuse from loose hair fibers. In contrast, VIS light preferentially attacks and decomposes the melanin granules rather than other tissues, and also results in the lightening of blond hair but without the need for subsequent washing. We also found that while VIS light destroys the structure of isolated melanin granules, UV light does not act in a similar manner. Consequently, it is proven that VIS and UV light attack different sites of the melanin granule, even though the lightening rates from both light sources are similar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2494.2004.00233_5.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Objective determination of fatigue development following sun exposure using Advanced Trail Making Test (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of cosmetic science 26 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Sun exposure during leisure activity evokes fatigue. We employed the Advanced Trail Making Test (ATMT), a recently developed objective method of evaluating brain function performance used to measure mental fatigue, for objective determination of fatigue development caused by solar exposure to the human body. First, a survey of consumer awareness was performed, and fatigue development from solar exposure was generally recognized in both summer and spring. In the field test, 15 males (26–41 years old) received sun exposure equivalent to 100 kJ m−2 of ultraviolet radiation three to four times each day for 3 days, during which the subjects wore a short sleeve shirt and a short pant, and covered their head with a towel. A significant increase in scores for subjective sense of fatigue was observed in the evening of all 3 days following sun exposure and on the fourth day, which had no exposure, as well as in the morning of the third and fourth days, as compared with those periods during the control week, which did not have experimental solar exposure. ATMT showed a significant increase in average value in the evening of the first and second days following sun exposure, as well as in the morning of the third and fourth days. In addition, increases in body temperature and heart rate were observed during the exposure periods. The results of multiple regression analysis of subjective feelings showed that fatigue caused by solar exposure was qualitatively different from that in the control week. These results suggest that brain function performance declined following solar exposure as did fatigue development. ATMT results may be useful for quantitative and objective evaluation of mental fatigue caused by sun exposure, along with development of sun care products for the prevention of solar-caused fatigue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0142-5463.2004.00200.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray diffraction from an atomic plane (2000)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 56 (2000), S. 163-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Reflection and transmission coefficients of X-rays by a single atomic plane are obtained in the general case where the plane consists of any two-dimensional Bravais lattice and the incident and exit X-ray beams take any direction with respect to the plane. A formula obtained for the coefficients is written in a simple form, different from that obtained by Durbin [Acta Cryst. (1995), A51, 258–268]. This makes it possible to extend Darwin's dynamical theory of X-ray diffraction to general geometries which include the cases of asymmetric skew reflection and noncoplanar multibeam diffraction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108767399015068
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological and genetic distinctness of rock and shell-bed dwelling Telmatochromis(Teleostei, Cichlidae) in the south of Lake Tanganyika suggest the existence of two species (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 65 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Two populations from Wonzye and Nkumbula Island, Lake Tanganyika, containing both rock and shell-bed dwelling individuals of the genus Telmatochromis were analysed by means of comparative morphological and DNA haplotype data from the mitochondrial control region. The data on individuals from rock v. shell-bed habitats allowed a clear discrimination to be made between habitats, while there was no distinction among individuals of the same habitat from Wonzye and Nkumbula. The shell-bed dwellers had small body size, including smaller size at sexual maturity and fewer eggs than rock dwellers. The existence of two distinct species that diversified according to habitat choice is suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-1112.2004.00459.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The origin of multiple superconducting gaps in MgB 2 (2003)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 423 (2003), S. 65-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Magnesium diboride, MgB2, has the highest transition temperature (Tc = 39 K) of the known metallic superconductors. Whether the anomalously high Tc can be described within the conventional BCS (Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer) framework has ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature01619
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