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Diamond growth during ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism of the Kokchetav Massif, northern Kazakhstan (2000)

De Corte, K. ; Korsakov, A. ; Taylor, W. R. ; [et al.]

Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty

The @island arc 9 (2000), S. 0

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ISSN: 1440-1738

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Geosciences

Notes: Abstract Characteristic features of in situ diamonds can be used to retrace diamond formation during ultrahigh pressure (UHP) metamorphism of the Kokchetav Massif, Kazakhstan. These features include the nitrogen aggregation state in diamond, dissolution features observed on diamond surfaces, and the carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition of the diamonds. The minerals in which the diamonds are included provide additional information and support the view that at least some of the Kokchetav microdiamonds are the products of prograde or peak UHP metamorphism. The coexistence of diamond and graphite is evaluated within this framework.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1738.2000.00287.x

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Contrast-enhanced MR angiography in patients with carotid artery stenosis: comparison of two different techniques with an unenhanced 2D time-of-flight sequence (2000)

Jäger, H. R. ; Moore, E. A. ; Bynevelt, M. ; [et al.]

Springer

Neuroradiology 42 (2000), S. 240-248

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ISSN: 1432-1920

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Medicine

Notes: Abstract Conventional time-of-flight (TOF) MR angiography (MRA) in carotid artery stenosis relies on flow-related enhancement to produce signal from vascular structures. Intravoxel phase dispersion, due to vortices, causes loss of signal and is the reason for the tendency to overestimate the degree of stenosis. In contrast-enhanced MRA, intravascular signal is mainly dependent on T1 shortening of the blood. We compared first-pass contrast-enhanced MRA (contrast-enhanced 3D gradient echo, ce3D GRE) and contrast-enhanced 2D TOF (ce2D TOF) sequences with an unenhanced 2D TOF in 13 patients with carotid artery stenosis, assessing delineation of the carotid bifurcation, enhancement of veins and grade of stenosis. The contrast-enhanced techniques produced more morphological detail, the ce3D GRE being superior to the ce2D TOF. Four carotid arteries were reclassified into lesser stenosis categories using the ce3D GRE technique. However, seven carotid arteries (27 %) were rated as nondiagnostic on the ce3D GRE, mainly due to masking of the carotid bifurcation by veins. The latter can be avoided by decreasing the acquisition time; on our 1.5-T system we could achieve a minimum time of 23 s per 3D GRE. Further reduction of acquisition time would be necessary to incorporate this method into clinical routine, requiring higher-performance gradients, which are not available in many UK hospitals.