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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Management of monoamniotic twin pregnancies: a case series and systematic review of the literature (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    BJOG 108 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objectives To review the experience of the University of Toronto Perinatal Complex, Ontario, Canada concerning antenatally diagnosed monoamniotic twin pregnancies; and to compare our results with cases reported in the literature with respect to antenatal surveillance and perinatal outcome.Methods A retrospective chart review of all twin gestations from 1993 to April 2000 was performed. A systematic review of the literature, 1966 to April 2000, of perinatal outcome in monoamniotic twin pregnancies was undertaken.Setting All monoamniotic twin gestations at the University of Toronto.Results Case-series: 25 prenatally diagnosed monoamniotic twin pregnancies were identified. Seven pregnancies were affected by fetal anomalies. One fetus died at 29 weeks. Neonatal complications occurred below 33 weeks of gestational age and were related to immaturity. Systematic review of the literature: 49 studies met our selection criteria and reported 88 cases diagnosed antenatally. Fourteen pregnancies were affected by major congenital anomalies. Twenty fetuses died after 24 weeks of gestation. Neonatal complications varied widely in severity and depended on gestational age at birth. The risk of intrauterine fetal death was 10% at the University of Toronto and 12% in the review of the literature.Discussion Our experience, the largest so far, suggests that regular fetal surveillance and appropriate steroid administration leads to a good perinatal outcome. The risk of fetal death (10%–12%) is lower than the previously quoted risk of 30%–70%. A careful review of obstetric interventions and further work examining outpatient surveillance of monoamniotic twin pregnancies are needed. The best treatment of monoamniotic twin pregnancies can only be determined by randomised trials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2001.00216.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Need for Affect: Individual Differences in the Motivation to Approach or Avoid Emotions (2001)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishers Inc
    Journal of personality 69 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-6494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: The present research developed and tested a new individual-difference measure of the need for affect, which is the motivation to approach or avoid emotion-inducing situations. The first phase of the research developed the need for affect scale. The second phase revealed that the need for affect is related to a number of individual differences in cognitive processes (e.g., need for cognition, need for closure), emotional processes (e.g., affect intensity, repression-sensitization), behavioral inhibition and activation (e.g., sensation seeking), and aspects of personality (Big Five dimensions) in the expected directions, while not being redundant with them. The third phase of the research indicated that, compared to people low in the need for affect, people high in the need for affect are more likely to (a) possess extreme attitudes across a variety of issues, (b) choose to view emotional movies, and (c) become involved in an emotion-inducing event (the death of Princess Diana). Overall, the results indicate that the need for affect is an important construct in understanding emotion-related processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6494.694156
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Outgassing from Amazonian rivers and wetlands as a large tropical source of atmospheric CO 2 (2002)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 416 (2002), S. 617-620 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Terrestrial ecosystems in the humid tropics play a potentially important but presently ambiguous role in the global carbon cycle. Whereas global estimates of atmospheric CO2 exchange indicate that the tropics are near equilibrium or are a source with respect to carbon, ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/416617a
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Does elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide affect internal nitrogen allocation in the temperate trees Alnus glutinosa and Pinus sylvestris? (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Global change biology 9 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: Nitrogen-fixing plant species growing in elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) should be able to maintain a high nutrient supply and thus grow better than other species. This could in turn engender changes in internal storage of nitrogen (N) and remobilisation during periods of growth. In order to investigate this one-year-old-seedlings of Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn and Pinus sylvestris (L.) were exposed to ambient [CO2] (350 µmol mol−1) and elevated [CO2] (700 µmol mol−1) in open top chambers (OTCs). This constituted a main comparison between a nitrogen-fixing tree and a nonfixer, but also between an evergreen and a deciduous species. The trees were supplied with a full nutrient solution and in July 1994, the trees were given a pulse of 15N-labelled fertiliser. The allocation of labelled N to different tissues (root, leaves, shoots) was followed from September 1994 to June 1995. While N allocation in P. sylvestris (Scots pine) showed no response to elevated [CO2], A. glutinosa (common alder) responded in several ways. During the main nutrient uptake period of June–August, trees grown in elevated [CO2] had a higher percentage of N derived from labelled fertiliser than trees grown in ambient [CO2]. Remobilisation of labelled N for spring growth was significantly higher in A. glutinosa grown in elevated [CO2] (9.09% contribution in ambient vs. 29.93% in elevated [CO2] leaves). Exposure to elevated [CO2] increased N allocation to shoots in the winter of 1994–1995 (12.66 mg in ambient vs. 43.42 mg in elevated 1993 shoots; 4.81 mg in ambient vs. 40.00 mg in elevated 1994 shoots). Subsequently significantly more labelled N was found in new leaves in April 1995. These significant increases in movement of labelled N between tissues could not be explained by associated increases in tissue biomass, and there was a significant shift in C-biomass allocation away from the leaves towards the shoots (all above-ground material except leaves) in A. glutinosa. This experiment provides the first evidence that not only are shifts in C allocation affected by elevated [CO2], but also internal N resource utilisation in an N2-fixing tree.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00568.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of genes in tobacco smoking during adolescence and young adulthood: a multivariate behaviour genetic investigation (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Addiction 98 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1360-0443
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Aims  To incorporate a psychosocial model of tobacco smoking into a behaviour genetic design to examine genetic and environmental influences on variation in smoking involvement.Design  Longitudinal twin study.Setting and participants  Twins initially aged between 13 and 18 years and registered with the Australian Twin Registry were surveyed three times between 1988 and 1996. A total of 414 pairs of identical and same-sex fraternal twin pairs participated in all three surveys, aged between 20 and 25 at wave 3. Biometric modelling estimated the influence of genetic and environmental factors in determining variation in smoking at each wave, both before and after adjusting for perceived smoking behaviours of peers and parents.Measurements  Twins answered a questionnaire on their own smoking status and reported on the use of tobacco by parents and friends as they perceived it, at each survey wave.Findings  At all three surveys, current smokers were more likely to have parents who smoked and to have smokers among their peers. Genes and environmental factors, both common and unique, contributed to variation in smoking behaviours. However, after controlling for the smoking behaviours of peers and parents, the role of genes in determining variation in smoking involvement was reduced by 100% at wave 1 and by 30% at wave 2. Friends’ smoking reduced the magnitude of the common environment variance by 11%, 30% and 40% at waves 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Parents’ smoking behaviours explained part of the common environment. Biometric modelling of the covariation between smoking involvement and peer smoking suggested that genes might influence smoking involvement at wave 1 by influencing choice of peers.Conclusion  Environmental factors play the greatest role in determining variation in tobacco smoking among adolescents and young adults. Among adolescents, genes may influence variation in smoking behaviours indirectly by influencing choice of peers. However, genes seem to have a direct influence on variations in the smoking behaviours of young adults.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.2003.00427.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatially and temporally restricted chemoattractive and chemorepulsive cues direct the formation of the nigro-striatal circuit (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 19 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Identifying cellular and molecular mechanisms that direct the formation of circuits during development is thought to be the key to reconstructing circuitry lost in adulthood to neurodegenerative disorders or common traumatic injuries. Here we have tested whether brain regions situated in and around the developing nigro-striatal pathway have particular chemoattractive or chemorepulsive effects on mesencephalic dopamine axons, and whether these effects are temporally restricted. Mesencephalic explants from embryonic day (E)12 rats were either cultured alone or with coexplants from the embryonic, postnatal or adult medial forebrain bundle region (MFB), striatum, cortex, brain stem or thalamus. Statistical analysis of axon growth responses revealed a potent chemoattraction to the early embryonic MFB (i.e. E12–15) that diminished (temporally) in concert with the emergence of chemoattraction to the striatum in the late embryonic period (i.e. E19+). Repulsive responses by dopaminergic axons were obvious in cocultures with embryonic brain stem and cortex, however, there was no effect by the thalamus. Such results suggest that the nigro-striatal circuit is formed via spatially and temporally distributed chemoattractive and chemorepulsive elements that: (i) orientate the circuit in a rostral direction (via brain stem repulsion); (ii) initiate outgrowth (via MFB attraction); (iii) prevent growth beyond the target region (via cortical repulsion); and (iv) facilitate target innervation (via striatal chemoattraction). Subsequent studies will focus on identifying genes responsible for these events so that their products may be exploited to increase the integration of neuronal transplants to the mature brain, or provide a means to (re)establish the nigro-striatal circuit in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2004.03213.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Single Versus Dual Chamber Pacing in the Young: (2003)
    350 Main Street , Malden , MA 02148-5018 , U.S.A . : Blackwell Publishing
    Pacing and clinical electrophysiology 26 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The advantages of atrial synchrony over asynchronous ventricular pacing remain unclear in the young, chronically right ventricular (RV) - paced patient. This is in contrast to the older patient with inherent diastolic dysfunction who has been shown to benefit from atrial synchrony with dual chamber (DDD,R/VDD), over single chamber rate response (VVI,R) ventricular pacing. The goal of this study was to noninvasively assess cardiac function in a group of young, RV-paced patients before and after establishment of atrial synchrony. Echocardiographic data were retrospectively analyzed from 10 patients with congenital or acquired complete AV block, who were VVI,R paced for 10.2 ± 2 years (mean age at study 19.2 ± 8.9 years), and were subsequently converted to DDD,R/VDD pacing (mean age at study 20.7 ± 9.5 years). Paired t-test analysis of left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function during VVI,R versus DDD,R/VDD pacing did not result in any short-term difference in LV short axis fractional area of change or FAC (53%± 7.5% vs 56.8%± 8.7%) or mitral maximal velocity (E) normalized to mitral flow velocity time integral (VTI) (5.2/s ± 1.5 vs 4.4/s ± 1.5). A decrease in mitral flow E/A ratio was observed after short term DDD,R/VDD pacing (2.2 ± 0.5 vs 1.9 ± 0.3). Atrial synchronous dual chamber pacing in young patients with complete AV block does not lead to any appreciable early change in global LV function over single-site RV pacing. Therefore, early establishment of atrial synchrony in the young asymptomatic VVI,R-paced patient with normal intrinsic ventricular function may not be warranted. (PACE 2003; 26:1208–1211)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9592.2003.t01-1-00170.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative long-range-order measurement and disordering efficiency estimation in ion-irradiated bulk Ni3Al using cross-sectional conventional transmission electron microscopy (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 77 (2000), S. 2680-2682 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Irradiation-induced disordering of bulk Ni3Al under 6 MeV Ni2+ irradiation is studied at room temperature. A self-consistent long-range-order quantification method for ion-irradiated intermetallics is presented using cross-sectional sample preparation and conventional transmission electron microscopy in selected area diffraction depth profiling mode. This method, which does not require the full assessment of dynamic diffraction image simulation information, is unique to precisely measure long-range-order as a function of depth or dose for a single total fluence. The disordering efficiency constant ε is estimated in the range 10.0±0.7/dpa for a total fluence of 1014 cm−2. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1320037
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sustainable development in higher education in the Philippines: The case of Miriam College (2002)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of sustainability in higher education 3 (2002), S. 288-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-6370
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Education
    Notes: The Philippines is one of the signatories to the historic Agenda 21 and was noted to be among the first countries to establish a National Council for Sustainable Development. Ten years after Rio, global society is again confronted with the question of whether sustainable development as a concept, philosophy and practice has improved the lives of peoples in different countries and cultures. This article attempts to discuss initiatives through which tertiary education has helped bring about sustainable development in the Philippines. It posits that for sustainable development to happen it must take root in the consciousness and cultures of society, a task in which education plays a very important part. The article discusses the efforts of two national networks for environmental education, the Environmental Education Network of the Philippines, Inc. (EENP) and the Philippine Association of Tertiary Level Educational Institutions in Environmental Protection and Management (PATLEPAM), which advocate for the integration of sustainable development in school curricula as well as in campus administration and organizational culture. It also includes the pioneering efforts of one institution, Miriam College, to integrate environmental education in its programs as part of its mission and commitment to become a genuine "steward of creation".
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14676370210434741
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of a Cervical Cancer Control Intervention Program for Cambodian American Women (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of community health 25 (2000), S. 359-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3610
    Keywords: Cambodians ; immigrants ; cervical cancer ; Pap testing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Southeast Asian immigrants have lower levels of Pap testing than any other racial/ethnic group in the US, and are particularly unfamiliar with western culture and biomedical concepts of prevention. We completed an ethnographic study (N = 42) focusing on cervical cancer screening among Cambodian American women. We also conducted a community-based survey (N = 413) to examine the generalizability of our qualitative results. This report summarizes the results, and describes how we used our findings to influence the content of a multifaceted intervention program targeting Cambodian immigrants. The following constructs were found to be barriers to cervical cancer control: a traditional orientation to the prevention, causation, and treatment of disease; lack of familiarity with western early detection concepts; low levels of knowledge about cervical cancer; concerns about the Pap testing procedure; and health care access issues. In general, the quantitative results confirmed our ethnographic findings. The intervention program, which is delivered by bicultural outreach workers, includes home visits, presentations at small group meetings, barrier-specific counseling, use of a Khmer-language video, and tailored logistic assistance (e.g., transportation and medical interpretation). Both the video and presentation provide cultural context while simultaneously addressing multiple barriers to screening (e.g., women's fear of surgery and preference for female providers). Outreach workers are trained to counsel women about 10 potential barriers including avoidance of biomedicine, perceptions that gynecologic exams are embarrassing, and lack of English proficiency. Our results reinforce the importance of considering health problems within the context of a population's traditional belief systems and daily routines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005123700284
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