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  • 1
    Book
    Book
    Computational methods for inverse problems /; 23 (2002)
    Philadelphia :SIAM,
    Details
    Title: Computational methods for inverse problems /; 23
    Author: Vogel, Curtis R.
    Publisher: Philadelphia :SIAM,
    Year of publication: 2002
    Pages: xvi, 183 S. : , Ill., graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Frontiers in applied mathematics 23
    ISBN: 978-0-89871-550-7 , 0-89871-550-4 , 0-89871-507-5
    Type of Medium: Book
    Language: English
    URL: https://www.zbmath.org/?q=an:1008.65103
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Defect generation and breakdown of ultrathin silicon dioxide induced by substrate hot-hole injection (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 90 (2001), S. 2338-2346 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Hole-induced bulk and interface defect generation and breakdown in ultrathin silicon dioxide (2.0 and 3.0 nm) are studied using substrate hot-hole injection. The results show that although these substrate hot holes are effective in creating electrically active damage in the dielectrics, these defects are very ineffective in causing breakdown as compared to those defects created by constant voltage tunneling stress. Identical to hole trapping in thicker oxides, substrate hot-hole defect generation was independent of electric field, decreased with decreasing thickness, and increased with decreasing temperature. The defect generation and breakdown of ultrathin oxides by substrate hot-hole stress is significantly different from that observed for constant voltage tunneling stress. The results suggest that the degradation and breakdown of ultrathin silicon dioxide cannot be explained by the trapping of hot holes alone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1389528
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetization reversal dynamics in exchange-coupled NiO–Co bilayers (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 6585-6587 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We performed a detailed study of the magnetization reversal in polycrystalline exchange-coupled NiO/Co bilayers over 10 decades of field sweep rate dH/dt for different NiO and Co thicknesses. For all sweep rates and thicknesses, the symmetry of the hysteresis loops shows that an identical pinning strength has to be overcome in both directions of the reversal. At low dH/dt the reversal is governed by domain wall displacement while domain nucleation is dominant at higher ones. The dH/dt at which the transition between the two regimes takes place depends on the relative thickness of the NiO and Co layers. It increases (decreases) when the Co (NiO) thickness is increased. Experimentally, it was found that the energy barrier varies linearly with the square root of the area corresponding to the activation (Barkhausen) volume which is consistent with a random walk model of the coupling between antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic layers. The results can be explained in terms of a thermally activated switching of the NiO magnetization dragged by the Co reversal. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1358822
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clinical Experience with Trastuzumab (Herceptin) (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    The @breast journal 9 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1524-4741
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract:  Trastuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody against the epidermal growth factor family oncogene, Her-2/neu. It has revolutionized therapy for the 15–20% of patients with metastatic breast cancer whose tumors have gene amplification for Her-2/neu. Results of clinical trials with single agent trastuzumab and in combination with paclitaxel, docetaxel, vinorelbine, gemcitabine and platinum salts have been encouraging. Durable remissions in excess of 5 years have occasionally been reported. Subjectively the side effect profile of this novel, targeted therapy, has been mild. Cardiac toxicity, while reported in combination regimens with anthracyclines tend to be easily manageable and not absolute contradictions to continuation of trastuzumab. Outside of clinical trials, however, anthracycline/trastuzumab combinations should be avoided. Preliminary results of trials with various combinations of chemotherapeutic agents have been promising while combinations with hormonal and other biologic therapy are ongoing. Trastuzumab is an exciting new monoclonal antibody with interesting anti-tumor activity in patients with Her-2/neu gene amplified breast cancer. We look forward to ongoing clinical trials combining trastuzumab with a broad array of other chemotherapeutic, hormonal and biological agents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1524-4741.2003.09602.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Changing Character of Regulation: A Comparison of Europe and the United States (2001)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishers Inc.
    Risk analysis 21 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: European and U.S. regulatory policies have changed considerably over the past 30 years. In Europe, since the mid-1980s, consumer and environmental regulation has become more politically salient and regulations have by and large become stricter. On the other hand, in the United States consumer and environmental issues have become less salient and contentious, and regulations have not become (comparatively) stricter. This apparent “flip-flop” of regulatory systems has not been analyzed in much detail to date. This perspective is an attempt to analyze some examples in which it has occurred and identifies one possible cause—namely, credibility.Commentary Ortwin Renn, p.406Commentary David Slater, p.410Commentary Michael D. Rogers, p.412
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0272-4332.213121
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Functional Role of Tryptophan Residues in the Fourth Transmembrane Domainof the CB2 Cannabinoid Receptor (2000)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd.
    Journal of neurochemistry 75 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Several tryptophan (Trp) residues are conserved in Gprotein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Relatively little is known about thecontribution of these residues and especially of those in the fourthtransmembrane domain in the function of the CB2 cannabinoidreceptor. Replacing W158 (very highly conserved in GPCRs) and W172 (conservedin CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors but not in manyother GPCRs) of the human CB2 receptor with A or L or with F or Yproduced different results. We found that the conservative change of W172 to For Y retained cannabinoid binding and downstream signaling (inhibition ofadenylyl cyclase), whereas removal of the aromatic side chain by mutating W172to A or L eliminated agonist binding. W158 was even more sensitive to beingmutated. We found that the conservative W158F mutation retained wild-typebinding and signaling activities. However, W158Y and W158A mutants completelylost ligand binding capacity. Thus, the Trp side chains at positions 158 and172 seem to have a critical, but different, role in cannabinoid binding to thehuman CB2 receptor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.0752485.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantification of pore structure and gas diffusion as a function of scale (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of soil science 53 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The quantification of the spatial heterogeneity of soil structure is one of the main difficulties to overcome for an adequate understanding of soil processes. There are different competing concepts for the type of heterogeneity, including macroscopic homogeneity, discrete hierarchy or fractal. With respect to these different concepts we investigate the structure of the pore space in one single sample (4 × 103 mm3) by analysing basic geometric quantities of the pores 〉 0.3 mm within gradually increasing subsamples. To demonstrate the relation between geometrical and functional properties we simulate gas diffusion within the three-dimensional pore space of the different subsamples. An efficient tool to determine the geometric quantities is presented. As a result, no representative elementary volume (REV) is found in terms of pore-volume density which increases with sample size. The same is true for the simulated gas diffusion coefficient. This effect is explained by two different types of pores, i.e. big root channels and smaller pores, having different levels of organization. We discuss the different concepts of structural organization which may be appropriate models for the structure investigated. We argue that the discrete hierarchical approach is the most profitable in practice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2389.2002.00457.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    From local hydraulic properties to effective transport in soil (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of soil science 51 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The inability to predict flow and transport behaviour based on a priori information demonstrates the lack of knowledge we currently have concerning transport-relevant properties or processes, or both. We present an approach in which the behaviour of effective solute transport at the scale of a soil column (100 mm) is predicted by taking into account the spatial structure of the hydraulic properties at the local scale (1 mm). The local absorption coefficients obtained from X-ray tomography, which are linearly related to bulk density, are used as local proxy for hydraulic properties. As a first approximation, two density classes were distinguished, and the three-dimensional structure of the hydraulic properties was implemented in a model of flow and transport. The local hydraulic properties were obtained from a network model, except for the absolute value of the hydraulic conductivity function which was measured. Model simulations were compared with a measured breakthrough curve determined on the same soil sample. The two agreed well, although the local hydraulic properties and parameter structure were determined independently with respect to a breakthrough experiment. Predictions of solute transport at the column scale were sensitive to the difference in saturated hydraulic conductivities of both materials, but not to the local dispersivities. The simulations demonstrate that (i) assuming validity of the Richards equation and the convection–dispersion equation on the local scale leads to a good description of the effective flow and transport behaviour at the column scale without making any assumptions about the governing processes at that scale; (ii) the dispersion parameters, which are notoriously difficult to determine, need not be determined since their effect is included explicitly; and (iii) local absorption coefficients can be used as a local proxy for the parameter field of the hydraulic properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2389.2000.00282.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A numerical experiment on pore size, pore connectivity, water retention, permeability, and solute transport using network models (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of soil science 51 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Network models are idealized geometrical representations of porous media. They allow the simulation of effective hydraulic properties and of solute transport for well-defined porous structures. In this paper, the relation between pore structure and effective properties is studied using a network model which can be adjusted to predefined pore-size distributions and pore topologies. I show that pore topology can be adjusted such that quite different pore-size distributions lead to essentially identical water retention curves. This puts into question the common interpretation of the retention curve as being indicative of the pore-size distribution. However, I also found that both the hydraulic conductivity and the dispersion of a solute depend on the water retention curve and not on the particular combination of pore-size distribution and topology which make it up. This corroborates the widely used approach of inferring relative permeabilities from water retention data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2389.2000.00275.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    S-relaxin as a predictor of preterm delivery in women with symptoms of preterm labour (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    BJOG 109 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective To evaluate whether serum relaxin (S-relaxin) can predict spontaneous delivery before 34 weeks of gestation in high risk pregnancies.Design A prospective cohort study.Setting Calculated sample size was reached over a two-year period, during which 9507 women gave birth. Of these, 157 healthy women were eligible for the study as they were admitted with symptoms of delivery before 34 weeks of gestation. Ninety-three women were included. Overall participation rate was 59%.Population Healthy women with singleton pregnancies with symptoms of delivery before 34 weeks of gestation.Methods S-relaxin was measured using a standard sandwich ELISA.Main outcome measures End points were preterm delivery before 34 weeks of gestation and delivery within three days from initiation of symptoms. The best possible prediction of preterm delivery was established using logistic regression for risk factors individually associated with preterm delivery before 34 weeks of gestation. S-relaxin was dichotomised to obtain best possible fit and then entered into the model. The same analyses were done for delivery within three days.Results Median S-relaxin levels varied significantly in the women with preterm prelabour rupture of membranes (PPROM) (316 pg/mL), contractions (222 pg/mL) or ripe cervices (203 pg/mL) (P 〈 0.05). S-relaxin above the 80th centile (≥300 pg/mL) was associated with an increased risk of preterm delivery [crude OR = 4.8; (95% CI: 1.9–12)]. Likelihood ratio of a positive test is 2.6 (1.5–4.9) and S-relaxin resulted in a post-test probability of preterm delivery of 0.72, compared with a pre-test probability of 0.49. S-relaxin contributed to the identification of delivery within three days [adj. OR = 11 (95% CI: 1.8–64)].Conclusion S-relaxin may be a useful predictor in women with symptoms of delivery before 34 weeks of gestation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2002.01187.x
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