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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microbial diversity and activity of disturbed soil in the northern Chihuahuan Desert (2000)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 32 (2000), S. 243-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Microorganisms ; Diversity ; Activity ; Grazing ; Stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  The effects of intense grazing, seasonal drought, and fire on soil microbial diversity (substrate utilization) and activity in a northern Chihuahuan Desert grassland were measured in summer 1997, winter 1998, and spring 1998. Intense livestock grazing was initiated in winter 1995, burning occurred in August 1994, and drought stresses were imposed from October 1994 to June 1997. Microbial diversity was inferred from the carbon substrate utilization patterns in both gram (+) and gram (–) Biolog plates. Microbial activity was estimated by the activity of selected enzymes. Neither microbial diversity nor activity was affected by grazing. The interaction of intense grazing and stress sub-treatments only occurred in spring for one set of diversity measurements. The maximum microbial diversity and activity occurred in the winter-drought-stress sub-plots in summer and spring. Burning reduced microbial diversity and most enzyme activities as compared to the control in summer and spring. Microbial diversity was also lower in summer-drought-stress sub-plots than in the control in summer and spring. Microbial diversity was highest in summer, intermediate in winter, and lowest in spring. Microbial activity was generally higher in summer and lower in winter. It was concluded that substrate availability was the most important factor affecting the diversity and activity of soil microorganisms within a season. Soil moisture was not the factor causing differences in microbial diversity and activity among the stress treatments, but it was a predictor for some microbial responses under a particular stress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740000242
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Beliefs About the Disconfirmability of Stereotypes: The Stereotype Disconfirmability Effect (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of applied social psychology 33 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1559-1816
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: Two studies examined people's beliefs about the relative disconfirmability of out-group and in-group stereotypes. In Study 1 (n= 56), Hispanics and White non-Hispanics judged the in-group and out-group stereotypes in terms of the ease with which they could be dis-confirmed. The results indicated that strongly, ethnically identified participants believed the out-group stereotype to be more difficult to disconfirm than the in-group stereotype. The second study with 73 White participants examined their beliefs about the disconfirmability of the White and African American stereotypes. The results indicated that participants higher in prejudice believed the African American stereotype is more difficult to disconfirm than the White stereotype to a greater degree than participants lower in prejudice. The results suggest that disconfirmability beliefs comprise a distinct construct thai may contribute to the difficulty of changing out-group stereotypes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2003.tb02784.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ED photo resist technology becomes a manufacturing process (2001)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Circuit world 27 (2001), S. 6-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 0305-6120
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The ever-increasing miniaturization and integration of additional functions in the electronics industry - in particular in the next generation telecomm technologies - needs a paradigm shift in manufacturing technologies in order to achieve the results along the roadmaps of the industry. Handling of thin substrates, doing finest line circuitry, working on non-flat surfaces and having to protect metallized holes during etching processes, are asking for conformal resist coatings. Electrophoretically deposited positive working photo resists encompass these requirements. The principles of electrophoretic photo resists, the necessary equipment, the cooperation between customer, the supplier of process chemistry and the supplier of the equipment to start such a complex project, and start-up results of the new major production line for ED-resist in Europe are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03056120110385456
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prejudice Toward People With Cancer or AIDS: Applying the Integrated Threat Model (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of applied biobehavioral research 7 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1751-9861
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: Two experiments applied the integrated threat theory of prejudice to predicting attitudes toward people with terminal cancer or AIDS. The measures, which were designed to assess the components of the model (realistic threats, symbolic threats, inter group anxiety, and negative stereotypes), were reliable and generally predictive of attitudes. The theory predicted attitudes toward AIDS better than attitudes toward cancer, perhaps because more people believe that they are likely to become a member of the cancer out-group. The benefits of applying social psychological theory to health issues are discussed along with suggestions for future research.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9861.2002.tb00078.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improving Intergroup Relations: The Effects of Empathy on Racial Attitudes (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of applied social psychology 30 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1559-1816
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: Prior research indicates that information-based intergroup relations programs are only moderately successful (MGregor, 1993; Stephan & Stephan, 1984). In order to explore a means of increasing the effectiveness of techniques used to change attitudes toward out groups, the current study examined the effects of giving Anglo American students information about everyday incidents of discrimination against African Americans either with or without empathy-inducing instructions. The results indicate that reading about discrimination against African Americans or inducing empathy reduces in-group-out-group bias in attitudes toward African Americans vs. Anglo Americans. The implications of these findings for models of the effects of empathy on intergroup relations are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2000.tb02464.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An ALS mouse model with a permeable blood–brain barrier benefits from systemic cyclosporine A treatment (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 88 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To test potentially beneficial drugs to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), we created an ALS mouse model with a permeable blood–brain barrier, by crossing the G93A-SOD1 transgenic mouse with a multiple drug resistance type 1a/b (mdr1a/b) gene knockout mouse. To validate the model, we administered cyclosporine A intraperitoneally to the mice. Cyclosporine A accumulated in the brain and spinal cord of this mouse model, whereas it was unable to penetrate the CNS of mdr1a/b wild-type animals. Systemic administration of cyclosporine A extended the life of the double-mutant male mice by approximately 12%. Surprisingly, the effect was more robust in male mice and only marginal in female mice. These results demonstrate the usefulness of this combined mouse model for the testing of potentially therapeutic drugs and support the role of mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in the pathway to motor neuron death in SOD1-associated ALS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.02181.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Size distribution of aquatic invertebrates in two prairie wetlands, with and without fish, with implications for community production (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Freshwater biology 46 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: 1. We compared the size distribution of aquatic invertebrates in two prairie wetlands, one supporting a population of fathead minnows and the other fishless. Both wetlands were sampled in three depth zones on three dates, allowing assessment of temporal and spatial variation.2. We determined biomass of aquatic invertebrates in 17 log2 size classes, and used these data to develop normalized size spectra. We also coupled size distributions with an allometric model to estimate relative production at the community level.3. The composition of the invertebrate communities differed greatly between sites, and invertebrate biomass was higher in nearly all size classes in the fishless wetland. Intercepts of normalized size spectra were significantly different between wetlands, but slopes generally were not, indicating differences in standing-stock biomass but similar size structures between the two invertebrate communities. Higher standing-stock biomass in the fishless wetland resulted in higher relative production per unit area, but similar size distributions resulted in similar mass-specific production (P/B) between wetlands.4. Our results indicate that invertebrate communities in prairie wetlands may have relatively consistent size structures in spite of large differences in community composition and standing-stock biomass. We hypothesize that the observed differences are because of predation by the minnow population and/or differences in the macrophyte communities between the two sites. However, the relative importance of macrophytes and fish predation in structuring invertebrate communities in prairie wetlands is poorly known.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2001.00759.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Repairing Damaged Wildlands: A Process-Oriented, Landscape-Scale Approach (2001)
    Boston, MA, USA : Blackwell Science Inc
    Restoration ecology 9 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1526-100X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100x.2001.009002249.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coupled strained-layer InGaAs quantum-well improvement of an InAs quantum dot AlGaAs–GaAs–InGaAs–InAs heterostructure laser (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 79 (2001), S. 4500-4502 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Data are presented showing that, besides the improvement in carrier collection, it is advantageous to locate strain-matching auxiliary InGaAs layers [quantum wells (QWs)] within tunneling distance of a single-quantum-dot (QD) layer of an AlGaAs–GaAs–InGaAs–InAs QD heterostructure laser to realize also smaller size QDs of greater density and uniformity. The QD density is changed from 2×1010/cm2 for a 50 Å GaAs coupling barrier (QW to QD) to 3×1010/cm2 for a 5 Å barrier. The improved QD density and uniformity, as well as improved carrier collection, make possible room-temperature continuous-wave (cw) QD+QW laser operation (a single InAs QD layer) at reasonable diode length (∼1 mm), current density 586 A/cm2, and wavelength 1057 nm. The cw 300 K coupled InAs QD and InGaAs QW AlGaAs–GaAs–InGaA–InAs heterostructure lasers are grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1430025
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-gain coupled InGaAs quantum well InAs quantum dot AlGaAs–GaAs–InGaAs–InAs heterostructure diode laser operation (2002)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 80 (2002), S. 1126-1128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Data are presented showing that a single-layer InAs quantum dot (QD) laser in the AlGaAs–GaAs–InGaAs–InAs heterostructure system is improved in gain and continuous wave (cw) room temperature operation by coupling, via tunneling, auxiliary strained-layer InGaAs quantum wells (QWs) to the single InAs QD layer to assist carrier collection and thermalization. A QW-assisted single-layer InAs QD laser, a QD+QW laser, is demonstrated that operates cw (300 K), and at diode length 150 μm in pulsed operation exhibits gain as high as ∼100 cm−1. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1451989
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