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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prediction and QSAR Analysis of Toxicity to Photobacterium phosphoreum for a Group of Heterocyclic Nitrogen Compounds (2000)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 64 (2000), S. 316-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001280000002
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrification Inhibition by Naphthalene Derivatives and Its Relationship with Copper (2000)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 64 (2000), S. 542-549 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001280000037
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photodissociation of CF2(Double Bond)CFCl at 193 nm by translational spectroscopy (2000)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 113 (2000), S. 6107-6112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The photodissociation of CF2(Double Bond)CFCl at 193 nm has been studied by product translational spectroscopy. Results show that the molecule undergoes competing dissociation into three pairs of products: (1) CFCl+CF2, (2) C2F2Cl+F, and (3) C2F3+Cl with a relative yield of 1.0:∼0.1:1.4. When photolyzed with polarized laser light, reactions (1) and (3) were detected with fragments recoiling anisotropically, indicating that dissociation occurs primarily on the excited potential energy surface. From the maximum kinetic energy derived for reactions (2) and (3), a upper limit of 110 and 90 kcal/mol was determined for the C–F bond and the C–Cl bond dissociation energy, respectively. In addition to these primary dissociation channels, we have observed the secondary products, CF+CF2 and F+C2F2 from the primary fragment C2F3 by absorbing an additional photon. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1308558
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photodissociation of 1,2-C2H2Br2 at 248 nm: Competition between three-body formation Br+Br+C2H2 and molecular Br2 elimination (2001)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 115 (2001), S. 3195-3200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The photodissociation of 1,2-C2H2Br2 at 248 nm has been studied by product translational spectroscopy. The results show that the molecule dissociates exclusively into the products (1) Br2+C2H2 and (2) Br (fast)+Br (slow)+C2H2 with a branching ratio ∼0.2:0.8. While the cleavages of the C–Br bonds are not symmetric, producing the Br atoms at unequal velocities, the anisotropy of the products indicates that both reactions occur in a fraction of a rotational period. Following an asynchronous concerted reaction, the triple products were simulated with the P(Et) distributions coupled by asymmetric angular distributions. A mechanism consistent with the measured results is proposed that the Br2 elimination is a result of a fast intersystem crossing from the ππ* pumped state while the triple products occur via a simultaneous asymmetric scission of the C–Br bonds along the nσ* state. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1387476
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The 193 nm photodissociation of CH2(Double Bond)CClF (2000)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 113 (2000), S. 5331-5338 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The photodissociation of CH2(Double Bond)CClF at 193 nm has been studied by product translational spectroscopy. A total of five primary dissociation channels was detected for the products of Cl (fast), HCl, HF, Cl (slow), and F in the decreasing order of relative yield. Product translational energy distributions have been measured for these reaction products. While a thermal-like distribution was detected for the slow Cl and F atoms, a nonthermal distribution was determined for the fast Cl atom and the molecular elimination of HCl and HF. Apart from the fast Cl atom with anisotropy parameter β=0.5, the remaining products recoil isotropically following photolysis with linearly polarized light. By analogy with the photodissociation of chloroethylenes, these products are found to originate from two potential energy surfaces. In addition to the primary dissociation channels, we have detected the secondary products of F+C2H2 from the internally excited α-fluorovinyl radical through a fast fragment isomerization. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1289242
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characteristics and design of metal vacuum arc plasma source power supply for pulsed-mode plasma immersion ion implantation (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 4435-4437 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Metal vacuum arc plasma sources enhance the capability of plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) by providing a convenient and efficient means by which to introduce metallic ions into the plasma for metallic ion implantation and/or thin film deposition. The power supply of a metal vacuum arc plasma source is usually based on the artificial transformation line design, but it has several drawbacks. For instance, the pulse width cannot be adjusted conveniently and the pulsing frequency cannot exceed a predefined value. These restrictions make process optimization and synchronization with the sample high voltage modulator complicated in pulsed-mode PIII operation. In this work, we experimentally investigate the voltage–current characteristics of our metal vacuum arc plasma source. Our results suggest two different power supply designs. By adopting the design incorporating a gradual voltage–current decline, we successfully construct a simple and reliable power supply that works in a stable manner for a prolonged period of time. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1327312
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of copper in the green luminescence from ZnO crystals (2002)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 81 (2002), S. 622-624 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), photoluminescence, and infrared optical absorption have been used to investigate a ZnO crystal before and after a thermal anneal for 1 h in air at 900 °C. The sample was an undoped high quality crystal grown by the chemical vapor transport method. In addition to shallow donor impurities, the crystal contained trace amounts of copper ions. Prior to the thermal anneal, these ions were all in the Cu+ (3d10) state and the observed luminescence at 5 K, produced by 364 nm light, consisted of a broad structureless band peaking at 500 nm. After the high-temperature anneal, the Cu2+ (3d9) EPR spectrum was observed and the luminescence had changed significantly. The emission then peaked near 510 nm and showed structure identical to that reported by Dingle [Phys. Rev. Lett. 23, 579 (1969)]. Our data reaffirm that the structured green emission in ZnO is associated with Cu2+ ions. We suggest that the unstructured green emission (observed before the high-temperature anneal) is donor–acceptor pair recombination involving the Cu+ acceptors. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1494125
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gain-assisted superluminal light propagation (2000)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 406 (2000), S. 277-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Einstein's theory of special relativity and the principle of causality imply that the speed of any moving object cannot exceed that of light in a vacuum (c). Nevertheless, there exist various proposals for observing faster-than- c propagation of light pulses, using anomalous dispersion near ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35018520
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Obituary Wang Ying-lai (1907–2001) (2001)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 412 (2001), S. 38-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] ...Wang Ying-lai, a biochemist recognized as the first scientist to engineer synthetic insulin, died in his sleep on 5 May 2001 in a hospital in Shanghai, China. He was 93 years old. Wang was born in 1907 in the remote village of Shanhou on the island of Jinmen (Quemoy), off the coast of Fujian, ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/412038a0
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sustained and therapeutic delivery of factor IX in nude haemophilia B mice by encapsulated C2C12 myoblasts: concurrent tumourigenesis (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Haemophilia 7 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2516
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This study reports the generation of an immunodeficient murine model for haemophilia B, obtained by breeding factor IX-deficient mice with an immunodeficient mouse strain, and use of this mouse model to evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of a gene therapy strategy for treating haemophilia B. Nude haemophilic mice were implanted with biocompatible microcapsules enclosing recombinant myoblasts secreting human factor IX. The activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) of plasma of mice thus treated was invariably shortened 3 weeks after microcapsule implantation, and remained shortened for at least 77 days. Shortening of the APTT of the haemophilia mice coincided with the appearance of human factor IX in mice plasmas (up to 600 ng mL−1 on day 77), and normalization of the tail-bleeding time. Thus, the microencapsulated myoblasts reversed the clinical phenotype of haemophilia B. In contrast, plasmas of immunocompetent haemophilic mice similarly implanted with microcapsules only showed a transient shortening of APTT, and coincident transient delivery of human factor IX antigen. Rapid disappearance of human factor IX from plasmas of immunocompetent mice also coincided with production of antibodies to the human transgene. Significantly, 86% of the nude haemophilia mice developed tumours of myoblast origin. Thus, while this study revealed the feasibility of this gene therapy approach to treat severe haemophilia B, it also highlights the importance of using safer cell lines to prevent tumour development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2516.2001.00492.x
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