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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Herz-, Thorax- und Gefässchirurgie 14 (2000), S. 13-22 
    ISSN: 0930-9225
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Fortgeschrittene Herzinsuffizienz – chirurgische Alternativen zur Herztransplantation – komparativer Nutzen – Patientenselektion ; Key words Advanced heart failure – surgical alternatives to heart transplantation – comparative benefit – patient selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A considerable number of patients with cardiovascular diseases suffer from advanced heart failure. Actuarial 6–12 month survival of such patients is reduced to 50–75%. Since introduction of triple immunosuppression including cyclosporine, azathioprine and corticosteroids heart transplantation has been established as treatment of choice for patients with advanced heart failure refractory to medical treatment. However, the increasing imbalance between demand and supply of suitable donor organs limits the number of patients for this therapeutic option and requires a more restrictive listing of patients for heart transplantation. During the last few years promising new conservativ and alternativ surgical therapies have been developed. The conservativ medical therapy was improved by application of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and anticongestive betablockers. Alternativ surgical therapies of advanced heart failure include high risk bypass surgery, high risk valve surgery, mechanical assist devices, implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, partial left ventriculectomy, cardiomyoplasty and multisite-pacing. They serve as bridge to transplantation or medium- and long-term alternatives to heart transplantation. The therapeutic success is determined by adequate selection of patients for the respective therapy. This requires the implementation of risk scores on the basis of national and international registries of patients with advanced heart failure.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die fortgeschrittene Herzinsuffiziens gewinnt mit einer Prävalenz von 0,1% eine zunehmende Bedeutung innerhalb des Patientenkollektivs mit kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen. Die 6- bis 12-Monats-Überlebenswahrscheinlichkeit ist mit 50–75% erheblich eingeschränkt. Seit der Einführung der Triple-Immunsuppression mit Cyclosporin, Azathioprin und Cortison galt die Herztransplantation als die Therapie der Wahl bei medikamentös therapierefraktärer Herzinsuffizienz. Das wachsende Mißverhältnis zwischen Angebot und Bedarf an geeigneten Spenderorganen limitiert jedoch die Zahl der Patienten, die transplantiert werden können, und erfordert eine restriktivere Listung zur Herztransplantation. In den zurückliegenden Jahren haben sich vielversprechende neue konservative und alternative chirurgische Therapieansätze entwickelt. Die konventionelle medikamentöse Therapie wurde verbessert durch den Einsatz von Angiotensin-Konversionsenzym-Hemmern und antikongestiv wirksamen Betablockern. Die chirurgische Therapie der fortgeschrittenen Herzinsuffizienz ist erweitert worden durch die Einführung von Hochrisiko-Bypassoperation, Hochrisiko-Klappenchirurgie, mechanische Assistenzherzen, implantierbare Cardioverter-Defibrillatoren, Ventrikelreduktionsplastik, Kardiomyoplastie und Multisite-Pacing. Diese Therapieoptionen werden entweder als Überbrückungsmaßnahme oder als mittel- und langfristige Alternativen zur Herztransplantation eingesetzt. Der Behandlungserfolg hängt entscheidend ab von der Selektion geeigneter Patienten für die jeweilige Therapie. Hierfür ist die Erstellung von Risikoscores auf der Basis nationaler und internationaler Patientenregister notwendig.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 223 (Feb. 2002), p. 261-264 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Key words B-cell ; Lymphocytosis ; Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Over the last 17 years, 83 cases of polyclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (PPBL) have been published. This rare hematological disorder of unknown etiology is characterized by morphologically atypical lymphocytes, polyclonal immunoglobulin M production in association with smoking, female gender, and HLA-DR7 phenotype. We studied another male patient with PPBL. In contrast to normal B-cells, PPBL cells showed no response to interleukin-4 with regard to CD23 and human leukocyte antigen-DR expression. F2μ antibodies failed to co-stimulate interleukin-4-mediated CD23 expression. Crosslinking membrane immunoglobulin M receptors by F2μ resulted in elevated human leukocyte antigen-DR expression but did not induce in vitro proliferation of PPBL cells. This indicates a different activation and differentiation status than normal B-cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words Latex dispersions ; Film formation ; 1H and 2H solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance ; Water in polymer films
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  The properties of polymer films prepared from latex dispersions are influenced by the drying or film formation process. In order to investigate this process, various systems of aqueous latex dispersions were dried until a specific solid content was reached. The samples investigated were based on vinyl acetate, vinyl acetate/ethylene and pure acrylics employing different surfactants and polyelectrolytes as stabilisers of the dispersions. The role of water in these partially dried films was investigated using 1H and 2H solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Different types of water could be distinguished in the spectra. The drying latex films were found to contain interfacial external water, water at ionic and nonionic groups at surfactants in the polymer/water interface and also water inside the swollen polymer. These different types of water were examined separately using various NMR techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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