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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Children’s understanding of the physical, cognitive and social consequences of impairments (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Child 27 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2214
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: The present study explored typically developing children’s (n= 77) understanding of physical, cognitive and social competencies of children with impairments. Children in each of four age groups (4–5 years, 6–7 years, 9–10 years and 11–12 years) were interviewed to explore their ideas about the abilities of children with physical impairments (minor: missing thumb; major: wheel-chair bound), sensory impairments (vision and hearing), learning disabilities (non-specific and Down’s syndrome) and emotional/behavioural difficulties (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and lack of social skills). Significant age differences were found in children’s judgements of the capabilities of children with impairments. Furthermore, children’s understanding of the consequences of impairments varied as a function of disability type. Findings are discussed in relation to previous research on children’s disability concepts and implications for inclusive education practices.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2214.2001.00236.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mössbauer spectroscopic studies of the moment distribution in Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9 (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 7106-7108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy can be used to determine the distribution of moment directions in magnetic materials. Here, we have applied this technique to a study of Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9 (isocompositional with FINEMET). We are particularly interested in establishing the distribution of moment directions in the nanophase material, obtained by devitrification from an amorphous precursor. The nanophase material consists of Fe–Si grains embedded in an amorphous matrix. Current understanding of the resulting magnetic properties, which involves application of the random anisotropy model to these materials, assumes that the magnetization in the grains is exchange coupled to neighbors, giving a long exchange length compared with the nanometer grain size. We present data for the amorphous precursor, the standard nanophase material, and nanophase material devitrified in an external magnetic field. If σu and σv represent the Gaussian widths of the out-of-plane and in-plane moment direction distributions respectively, we have found that σu=14° and σv=68° for the amorphous precursor, σu=14° and σv=92° for the standard nanophase material, and σu=22° and σv=79° for a magnetic field aligned specimen. We interpret these data as demonstrating that standard devitrification does result in grains with a wide spread of moment direct ions over the volume sampled by this technique, even allowing for exchange coupling. These results and the implications for macroscopic magnetic properties such as anisotropy will be discussed. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.372945
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stress in trainee anaesthetists (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 55 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.2000.01629.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of patient-controlled analgesia administered by the intravenous or intranasal route during the early postoperative period (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 57 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Intranasal administration of lipophilic opioids has been shown to be an effective method of administration which is devoid of major side-effects. Whether it is as effective as intravenous administration for patientcontrolled analgesia (PCA) has been investigated for fentanyl and pethidine, but not for diamorphine. This study reports a randomised controlled trial designed to compare the effectiveness of diamorphine administered as PCA utilising either the intranasal or intravenous routes. We investigated 52 consecutive patients undergoing primary lower limb joint replacement surgery. Patients were randomly allocated to receive PCA diamorphine, administered either intravenously (0.5 mg bolus, 3 min lockout) or intranasally (1.0 mg bolus, 3 min lockout). Pain was assessed using a Visual Analogue Score (VAS) at rest and on movement on five occasions over the first 36 h postoperatively. The results demonstrated that patients in the intranasal PCA group had significantly higher VAS scores than the intravenous group, both at rest (intranasal median 35.5 vs. intravenous median 20; p = 0.030) and on movement (intranasal median 64 vs. intravenous median 50; p = 0.016). However, significantly fewer patients in the intranasal group compared with the intravenous group suffered episodes of vomiting (intranasal 0/24 vs. intravenous 6/24 patients; p = 0.022). We suggest that if a maximal reduction in pain score is considered the goal of PCA management, the intravenous route is preferable to the intranasal route.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.2002.02263.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of nitric oxide in a toxin-induced model of haemolytic uraemic syndrome (2000)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 14 (2000), S. 1066-1070 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Key words Haemolytic uraemic syndrome ; Ricin ; Verocytotoxin ; Nitric oxide ; Cytokines ; Glomerular thrombosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The role of nitric oxide in the pathogenesis of glomerular thrombotic microangiopathy was explored using an established rat model in which ricin with or without lipopolysaccharide induced glomerular thrombosis. Ricin alone caused a small rise in the plasma concentration of nitric oxide (control 9.2±0.7 µM, ricin 23.3±6.3 µM at 7 h). This increase occurred after the development of glomerular thrombosis. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity in the kidney showed no significant change from control values (control 5.66±2.7 pmol/min per ml homogenate, ricin 7.52±1.8 pmol/min per ml homogenate, total activity). When ricin and lipopolysaccharide were administered together, calcium-independent NOS activity increased whereas calcium-dependent activity decreased (1.22±2.6 pmol/min per ml homogenate). The increase in calcium-independent NOS activity correlated with a high plasma concentration of interleukin-1β in the ricin plus lipopolysaccharide group (4,036.83±1,001.5 pg/ml). These data indicate that thrombus formation in a rat model of haemolytic uraemic syndrome is independent of the effects of nitric oxide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004670000388
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