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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 22 (2000), S. 111-115 
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Subclavius posticus ; Muscle variation ; Thoracic outlet syndrome ; MR imaging ; Paget-von Schrötter syndrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract During dissection practice in 1993 and 1995 to 1999, we found an aberrant muscle which connected the first costal cartilage and the superior margin of the scapula in 12 sides (4.8%) of 11 cadavers (8.9%) among 248 sides of 124 cadavers. The muscle originated from the cranial surface of the sternal end of the first rib, ran laterodorsally, and inserted into the superior margin of the scapula. According to the origin and insertion, the aberrant muscle was considered to be the subclavius posticus (Rosenmüller, 1800). We also examined the supraclavicular region of a living subject by MR imaging to estimate the course of such an aberrant muscle. It is thought that the aberrant muscle runs on the anterior surface of the subclavian vein and crosses over the brachial plexus. Such a muscle could be considered as a possible factor causing the Paget-von Schrötter syndrome which is recognized as spontaneous or effort-related thrombosis of the axillo-subclavian vein. It is recommended to take into account the possible existence of such an aberrant muscle during the examination of patients with thoracic outlet syndrome, especially in those with symptoms of venous compression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Key words: IL-18 - IL-12 - Histidine decarboxylase - Histamine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Objective and Design: IL-18 shares functional properties with IL-12, which induces an elevation of histidine decarboxylase (HDC) activity in mouse tissues. Therefore, we examined the effects of IL-18 and IL-18+IL-12 on HDC activity.¶Methods: IL-18, IL-12 or IL-18+IL-12 was intraperitoneally injected into BALB/c and C3H/HeN mice and their HDC activities were measured.¶Results: IL-18, at effective antitumour doses, induced HDC activity in lung, liver, spleen and bone. The IL-18-induced HDC elevation was more rapid than that induced by IL-12. As with IL-12, repeated injections of IL-18 produced more HDC activity than a single injection. Repeated injections of IL-18+IL-12 induced serious illness and produced marked HDC activity. However, an inhibitor of HDC did not prevent the illness.¶Conclusions: IL-18 may be involved in the stimulation of histamine synthesis during the course of immune responses, though an elevation of HDC activity is not itself the direct cause of the serious illness induced by IL-18+IL-12.¶
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Eosinophils play a critical role in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. CC chemokines, such as regulated on activation, normal, T cell expressed, and secreted (RANTES), are key regulators of eosinophil locomotion. Although eosinophils migrate from the bloodstream into tissues, mechanisms that generate a chemogradient across the endothelium remain to be fully elucidated.Objective We first examined the polar secretion of RANTES by endothelial cells. We also studied the functional scavenging effect of red blood cells (RBCs) on RANTES secreted into the intravascular side.Methods and results Endothelial cells were cultured in a transwell chamber with a membrane pore size of 0.45, 3.0, and 8.0 μm and stimulated with TNF-α, IL-1β, or IFN-γ from the apical or basolateral side for 16 h. The measurement of RANTES in the supernatant was performed by ELISA. We did not see any difference in the amount of RANTES secreted from the cytokine-stimulated endothelium between inner (intravascular side) and outer (extravascular side) wells separated by the 8.0-μm membrane, although apical polarization was observed with the 0.45-μm membrane. The addition of RBCs (hemoglobin (Hb): 0.5–15 g/dL) to the apical supernatant of TNF-α-stimulated endothelial cells reduced the RANTES level in a concentration-dependent manner. The treatment of supernatant on the intravascular side with RBCs significantly enhanced the migration of eosinophils.Conclusion RBCs possess a scavenging effect on intravascular RANTES, and thereby regulate transendothelial migration of eosinophils. Our findings suggest a new role of RBCs in allergic inflammation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 29 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The purpose of this study was to investigate the nature of fatigue and recovery of masticatory and neck muscles and the differences between sexes in normal subjects during experimentally induced loading. Subjects consisted of eight males (mean age: 27·6 years) and eight females (mean age: 24·2 years) selected from the volunteers in the Faculty of Dentistry, Hiroshima University. The inclusion criteria for the subjects were as follows: (1) good general health, (2) normal horizontal and vertical skeletal relationships, (3) no severe malocclusions and (4) no complaints of temporomandibular disorders. Each subject was requested to bite an occlusal-force meter with 98, 196 and 294 N forces on the first molar region per side for 45 s. Activities of the masseter and sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscles were recorded during these performances. Fatigue and recovery ratios were calculated with mean power frequency of power spectrum using a fast Fourier transform algorithm. Significant differences in the fatigue ratios between both sexes were found for the masseter muscle with 98, 196 and 294 N bite forces. Meanwhile, the SCM presented a significant difference between both sexes only at 98 N biting. Significant differences in the recovery ratios between both sexes were more prominent in the masseter muscle than in the SCM. These results suggest that the differences in muscle endurance between sexes may have some association with higher susceptibility of craniomandibular disorders in females than in males.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 27 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The study group consisted of 19 subjects with positive overjet and overbite, and 17 subjects with skeletal open bite. Two bipolar surface electrodes were attached to the skin of the upper and lower lips. The mean integrated amplitude of the electromyographic (EMG) activity was obtained at the mandibular rest position with the lips in contact and with the lips apart. Subjects were divided into two groups based on positive or negative values of the difference in integrated EMG activity of the mentalis muscle between the two lip positions. Subjects displaying a negative value were classified as having competent lips and those displaying a positive value were classified as having incompetent lips. The EMG activity of the mentalis muscle was found to be more indicative of lip sealing as compared with the EMG activity of the depressor of the lower and the upper lips. The activities of the mentalis muscle at the mandibular rest position with the lips in contact and with the lips apart appear to offer an objective criterion for the evaluation of lip incompetence. In addition, the vertical dimension of the face, as well as the proclination of the incisors, appear to affect lower lip function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 72 (2001), S. 2350-2357 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Measurement using a Kelvin probe depends vitally on the acquisition of a zero field between the probe and the sample. The charges in the space significantly affect the measurement of the work function change via the Kelvin probe due to the induced electric field between the probe and the sample, which adds uncertainty to the probe output. A simple model is presented in this article to depict the origin of the measurement errors. Then a solution, error deduction method, is suggested to effectively eliminate the influence due to charging by introducing a reference sample. The solution is also valid to cancel the error due to the change in the work function of the probe. The experimental results verified the feasibility of the method. Also discussed are other factors that affect the state of charging within a vacuum chamber. Careful shielding is necessary even if a stable reference sample is available. In the case where no stable reference samples are available, the use of insulating materials should be kept at a minimum. Once the insulating materials are used, they should be protected from being charged as much as possible. Any charge-generating components should be isolated by appropriate shielding, if possible, to avoid any leakage of charge into the space. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1437-7780
    Keywords: Key words Model ; Pulmonary superinfection ; Aspergillus fumigatus ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Mouse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have produced a new model of pulmonary super-infection with Aspergillus fumigatus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in immunosuppressed mice. Male ICR mice were given an intratracheal inoculation of 4 × 105 conidia of A. fumigatus in agar beads, and were immunosuppressed with 100 mg/kg subcutaneous injections of cortisone acetate on days 7, 9, 12, 14, and 16 after inoculation. Twelve days after inoculation, with the agar beads, the mice were challenged with the intranasal instillation of 2 × 106 CFU of P. aeruginosa. The survival rates of superinfected, A. fumigatus-alone, P. aeruginosa-alone, and non-infected mice were 50%, 30%, 90%, and 100% 14 days after pseudomonal infection (26 days after inoculation of A. fumigatus), respectively. In the superinfected mice, both A. fumigatus and P. aeruginosa were detected more than 10 days after pseudomonal infection (22 days after inoculation of A. fumigatus). Histopathological examination revealed peribronchial necrosis around A. fumigatus hyphae and inflammation by P. aeruginosa. This infection model in mice would be useful for studying the pathogenesis of superinfection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Key words Transgenic tobacco ; Arabidopsis thaliana ; Nitrilase ; NIT genes ; Indole-3-acetic acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The Arabidopsis thaliana genome has four nitrilase (nitrile aminohydrolase, EC 3.5.5.1) genes (NIT1 to NIT4). These nitrilases catalyze hydrolysis of indole-3-acetonitrile (IAN) to indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Growth of A. thaliana is inhibited by IAN probably due to hydrolysis of IAN to IAA, while the tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) genome has only NIT4 homologs and is resistant to IAN. In this study, we introduced A. thaliana NIT1 to NIT4 into tobacco. Introduction of NIT1, NIT2 or NIT3 into tobacco conferred growth inhibition by IAN. NIT2 transgenic plants were highly sensitive to IAN, and NIT1 and NIT3 transgenic plants were moderately sensitive. On the other hand, NIT4 transgenic plants were less sensitive to IAN, although some morphological changes in the roots were observed as the wild-type tobacco. These findings suggest that the ability of transgenic tobacco to convert IAN to IAA in vivo is markedly different among transgenes of NIT1 to NIT4.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Magnetic resonance imaging ; diffusion-weighted ; Degeneration ; spinocerebellar ; Pons ; transverse fibres
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Because the transverse pontine fibres degenerate in some subtypes of spinocerebellar degeneration (SCD), demonstration of these fibres may be helpful for radiological diagnosis of SCD. Using multishot diffusion-weighted MRI, we attempted to find a way to show the transverse pontine fibres. We assessed the quality of demonstration of these fibres on DWI and of abnormal high signal in the pons and middle cerebellar peduncles on T2-weighted images. We examined evaluated 24 control subjects and 12 patients with SCD: two with sporadic olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA), five with spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1), two with SCA3, and three with SCA6. In all control subjects and patients with SCA6, we succeeded in demonstrating the transverse pontine fibres as clear low-signal bundles using DWI. In two patients with SCA3, these fibres were identified less distinctly. In contrast, in two patients with sporadic OPCA and in four of five patients with SCA1, the fibres were not identified. In both patients with sporadic OPCA, abnormal high-signal foci were seen in the base of the pons and middle cerebellar peduncles on T2-weighted images; no such foci were detected in any patient with SCA1, SCA3 or SCA6. DWI seems to be useful for demonstrating transverse pontine fibres. Abnormal high signal in the pons and middle cerebellar peduncles may provide a clue to differentiation of sporadic OPCA from other types of SCD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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