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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (15)
  • 2000-2004  (4)
  • 1995-1999  (11)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1360-0443
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Aims. To evaluate Cloninger's classification in a sample of alcoholic Spanish men. Design. A crosssectional study was carried out on subjects diagnosed as alcoholics. Setting. Out-patient units specializing in the treatment of alcoholics and the psychiatry unit of a general hospital. Participants. One hundred and ninety-eight males diagnosed as alcoholics. The mean age was 44.4 11.6 years and 98% were from urban areas. Measurements. Participants were interviewed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSMIII-R(SCID). They were classified using type 1 and type 2 criteria of Cloninger's classification. Findings. Only one-third of our sample could be classified by Cloninger's type 1 and type 2 criteria. Patients classified as belonging to type 2 had an earlier onset of regular drinking compared to type 1 patients. Type 2 subjects presented a higher percentage of alcohol-related problems as well as problems related to drugs other than alcohol and they also presented a higher percentage of antisocial personality disorder. No differences in alcoholism family history were found between the groups. Criteria showing the poorest discriminative ability between both groups were "failure to keep abstinent" and "benders lasting at least two days". Conclusions. Our results do not support Cloninger's etiological hypotheses for alcoholism. Cultural differences may be responsible for the different drinking patterns observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: During ripening, citrus fruit-peel undergoes ‘colour break’, a process characterized by the conversion of chloroplast to chromoplast. The process involves the progressive loss of chlorophylls and the gain of carotenoids, changing peel colour from green to orange. In the present work, the in vivo and in vitro effects of supplemented nutrients (sucrose and nitrogen) and phytohormones (gibberellins [GA] and ethylene) on colour change in fruit epicarp of Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu (Mak.) Marc., cv. Okitsu), were studied. The rate of colour break was correlated positively with sucrose content and negatively with nitrogen content. The removal of leaves blocked natural sucrose build-up and nitrogen reduction in the peel. Defoliation also inhibited chlorophyll disappearance and carotenoid accumulation, thereby preventing colour break. In vivo sucrose supplementation promoted sucrose accumulation and advanced colour break. In both in vivo and in vitro experiments, colour change promoted by sucrose was unaffected by ethylene but delayed by GA3. In non-supplemented plants, ethylene accelerated colour break while GA3 had no detectable effects. Ethylene inhibitors effectively counteracted the sucrose effects on colour change. Collectively, these results suggest that the chloroplast to chromoplast conversion in citrus fruit epicarps is stimulated by sucrose accumulation. The sugar regulation appears to operate via ethylene, whereas GA may act as a repressor of the sucrose-ethylene stimulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: In each of N-(6-amino-3,4-dihydro-3-methyl-5-nitroso-4-oxopyrimidin-2-yl)valine, C10H15N5O4 (3) (orthorhombic, P212121), N-(6-amino-3,4-dihydro-3-methyl-5-nitroso-4-oxopyrimidin-2-yl)serine monohydrate, C8H11N5O5·H2O (4) (orthorhombic, P212121), and N-(6-amino-3,4-dihydro-3-methyl-5-nitroso-4-oxopyrimidin-2-yl)threonine, C9H13N5O5(5) (monoclinic, P21), the C-nitroso fragments exhibit almost equal C—N and N—O bond lengths: the C—N range is 1.315 (3)–1.329 (3) Å and the N—O range is 1.293 (3)–1.326 (3) Å. In each compound there are also very short intermolecular O—H...O hydrogen bonds, in which carboxyl groups act as hydrogen-bond donors to the nitrosyl O atoms: the O...O distances range from 2.440 (2) to 2.504 (4) Å and the O—H...O angles lie between 161 and 163°. An interpretation of the relationship between the unusual intramolecular bond lengths and the very short intermolecular hydrogen bonds has been developed based on database analysis and computational modelling. In each of (3)–(5) there is an extensive network of intermolecular hydrogen bonds, generating three-dimensional frameworks in (3) and (5), and two-dimensional sheets in (4).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Physiologia plantarum 116 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In citrus, the occurrence of a sink effect on photosynthesis (A) is controversial. Leaf carbohydrates and photosynthetic rates in field-grown trees of Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu[Mak.] Marc.) cv. Okitsu, were measured to elucidate whether or not the demand for photoassimilates regulates A. The data indicated that the source-sink imbalances induced by different treatments altered both soluble (sucrose, glucose and fructose) and insoluble carbohydrates in leaves, as well as photosynthetic rates. In general, girdling and defruiting increased starch and reduced photosynthesis, whereas source-limiting conditions imposed through partial defoliations had the opposite effect. These results are compatible with the assumption that a lack of sink activity leads to carbohydrate accumulation and feedback inhibition of A, and vice versa. Further evidence supporting a source-sink effect on A was provided by measurements of the dry matter:leaf area ratio, since defoliations, for example, increased this ratio. The in vivo sucrose supplementation to plants with different source:sink ratios (control, defoliated, girdled and defruited plants) increased carbohydrates and reduced photosynthesis. This suggests that sugars may have, per se, the potential to repress photosynthetic rates in intact plants with active sinks. Based on these results we propose that sugar accumulation in citrus leaves causes a feedback inhibition of A.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Physiologia plantarum 116 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The effects of ozone exposure on lettuce leaves were investigated by means of gas exchange, modulated chlorophyll a fluorescence and antioxidants systems. High ozone concentration decreased the rate of photosynthesis at light saturation level and changes in stomatal conductance and transpiration rate. However, an increase in intercellular CO2 concentration indicated a decrease in the carboxylation efficiency. These data agreed with a reduction of non-cyclic electron flow and lower capacity to reduce the quinone pool. Ozone affected the ascorbate pool and decreased ascorbate peroxidase activity, increased lipid peroxidation, altered membrane properties and reduced the development of non-photochemical quenching.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1439-0361
    Keywords: breeding parameters ; mediterranean forests ; orange plantations ; Paridae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Legedatum und Gelegegröße der Kohlmeise wurden in vier unterschiedlichen Biotopen in Ostspanien untersucht: zwei Steineichenwälder(Quercus ilex) in 500 m und 900–950 mNN, ein Bergeichenwald(Quercus faginea) in 900–1100 mNN, ein Kiefernwald(Pinus sylvestris) in 1000–1050 mNN und eine Orangenpflanzung(Citrus aurantium) in 30 mNN. Alle fünf Gebiete lagen auf etwa demselben Breitengrad (39–41°N) und wurden 1992–1995 parallel untersucht. (1) Auf gleicher Meereshöhe unterscheidet sich der Legebeginn nicht zwischen den verschiedenen Waldbiotopen (im Mittel 4.–8. Mai). (2) Innerhalb desselben Biotoptyps (Steineichenwald) war der Legebeginn auf niedrigerer Meereshöhe früher als in höheren Lagen (30. April vs. 8. Mai). (3) Im Orangenhain wurde früher mit der Eiablage begonnen (21. April) als in den Waldbiotopen. (4) Auf gleicher Meereshöhe nahm die Gelegegröße vom Bergeichenwald (Mittelwert 7.3 Eier) über die Steineichenwälder (7,0 Eier) zum Kiefernwald hin ab (6.4 Eier), jedoch ist nur der Unterschied zwischen Bergeichenwald und Kiefernwald signifikant. (5) Innerhalb der Steineichenwälder besteht die Tendenz zu größerer Gelegegröße in den höheren Lagen (7.0 vs. 5.9 Eier). (6) Im Orangenhain war die Gelegegröße mit durchschnittlich 7.7 Eier ähnlich der im Bergeichenwald, aber größer als in den Steineichen- und Kiefernwälder.
    Notes: Summary Laying data and clutch size of Great Tits were studied in four different habitats in eastern Spain: two holm oak(Quercus ilex) forests, at 500 and 900–950 m a.s.l., a zeen oak(Quercus faginea) forest, at 900–1100 m a.s.l., a pine(Pinus sylvestris) forest, at 1000–1050 m a.s.l., and orange(Citrus aurantium) plantations, at 30 m a.s.l. All sites were placed at about the same latitude (39–41°N), and all were studied during the same years (1992–95). Our results show that (1) laying date did not differ between the natural habitats at the same altitude (range of the means of yearly means 4–8 May); (2) within the same habitat type (holm oak forest) laying date was earlier at low altitude (30 Aprilvs. 8 May); (3) laying date was earlier in the orange plantations (21 April) than in natural habitats; (4) among natural habitats at the same altitude, clutch size decreased from zeen oak (mean of yearly means 7.3 eggs) to holm oak (7.0 eggs) to pine forests (6.4 eggs), though only the difference between zeen oak and pine forests was significant; (5) within the same habitat type (holm oak forest), the clutch size tended to be larger at high altitude (7.0vs. 5.9 eggs); and (6) clutch size in orange plantations (7.7 eggs) did not differ significantly from that of the zeen oak forest, but was larger than in the holm oak and pine forests. We discuss the effect of the habitat type on laying date and clutch size of Great Tits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 56 (1996), S. 106 -113 
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 59 (1997), S. 861-867 
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 119 (1999), S. 344-346 
    ISSN: 1434-3916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a case of atraumatic spontaneous posterior subluxation of the sternoclavicular joint in a 19-year-old woman without any known underlying pathology. There was no history of injury. The patient was treated operatively using the gracilis tendon to reinforce the anterior sternoclavicular ligament. One year later the patient is asymptomatic and has returned to her usual life.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
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    Madrid : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Revista de literatura. 57:113/114 (1995:enero/dic.) 171-180 
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