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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unoccupied electronic structure of phthalocyanine films (1990)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 93 (1990), S. 6859-6864 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The unoccupied molecular orbitals of metal-free phthalocyanine (H2PC), nickel-phthalocyanine (NiPC), and copper-phthalocyanine (CuPC) adsorbed on single crystal surfaces have been studied by inverse photoemission spectroscopy (IPES) and near-edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy (NEXAFS). The features observed in the experimental data are assigned by reference to molecular orbital calculations. Carbon and nitrogen 1s NEXAFS measurements of NiPC adsorbed on Cu(110) surface indicates that the phthalocyanine molecular planes are parallel to the surface. X-ray absorption data recorded at the Ni LIII and LII edges show that the unoccupied Ni 3d level is located in the plane of the phthalocyanine rings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.458918
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cutaneous response to irritants (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Contact dermatitis 48 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We evaluated the role of pre-existing dermatitis in the response to irritants by patch testing the skin of 40 healthy volunteers and the uninvolved skin of 480 subjects for 2 days. These latter were affected by active atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, eczema with positive and negative patch test reactions, urticaria and generalized pruritus. A first panel containing 15 µL of aq. solutions of disodium laureth sulfosuccinate (NaLSS) 5% and 10%, potassium cocoate (KCC) 5%, potassium oleate (KOL) 5%, zinc coleth sulphate (ZnCS) 5%, sodium mireth sulphate (NaMS) 5%, sodium cocoamphoacetate (NaCCAA) 3% and 5%, was simultaneously applied to 1 site on the upper back. The results, scored by visual assessment, were compared to those observed when testing on the opposite side a second panel containing 15 µL of aq. solutions of 3 well-known irritants, benzalkonium chloride (BAK) 1%, sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) 1%, and dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) 10%. Whilst the substances of the first panel and DMSO gave, on the whole, a scarce number of positive responses in all the tested groups, more evident differences in number, percent and mean intensity of the positive responses to BAK and SLS were found between the different groups. Although some of them seemed statistically significant, when the same values were evaluated by means of χ2 and Student t-test, they did not differ in a statistically significant way from the values found in healthy subjects. The results of this study seem to indicate that the substances of the first panel have a chemical structure that makes them quite safe in real-life conditions. In contrast, BAK and SLS have chemical properties that condition the number and intensity of the responses, making the role exerted by the pre-existing dermatosis quite marginal. In particular, there is no proof that the healthy skin of active atopic subjects is the most susceptible to the irritating effects of the tested substances.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0536.2003.480203.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Platinum in the environment: frequency of reactions to platinum-group elements in patients with dermatitis and urticaria (2000)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Contact dermatitis 43 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The aim of the present paper is to evaluate whether increasing environmental exposure increases the frequency of the positive prick and patch test reactions to certain chlorinated platinum salts in patients with dermatitis and urticaria. 800 consecutive subjects with contact dermatitis (n=749) and urticaria (n=51) were variously patch and prick tested with 30 haptens of a standard series, with aqueous solutions of, respectively, hexachloroplatinic acid (H2[PtCl6]), potassium tetrachloroplatinate (K2[PtCl4]), sodium hexachloroplatinate (Na2[PtCl6]), iridium chloride (IrCl3), rhodium chloride (RhCl3) and palladium chloride (PdCl2), and with 16 common inhalants. 153 workers, variably exposed in a platinum refinery, were patch and prick tested only with solutions containing platinum-group elements at various concentrations and with 16 common inhalants. Platinum-group elements did not elicit positive patch or prick test reactions in non-occupationally exposed subjects. In contrast, in exposed workers, positive patch test reactions at day 2 and at 25 min, respectively, were found in 2 subjects with hand dermatitis and in 2 with urticaria and asthma. 22 out of the 153 workers, 18 of whom had rhinitis, asthma, and urticaria, gave positive prick test reactions to 1 or more salts. Furthermore, on patch and prick testing, 4 cross-reactions between platinum, palladium, iridium and rhodium were demonstrated. In conclusion, the test results demonstrate that the present concentration in the environment does not increase the incidence of reactions to platinum salts in patients with dermatitis and/or urticaria. However, if the average level of environmental platinum exposure approaches those existing in industrial settings in the future, we are going to observe more frequent health effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0536.2000.043006333.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sponastrime dysplasia: Report on two sibling with mental retardation (1993)
    Springer
    Pediatric radiology 23 (1993), S. 611-614 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1998
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report on two sisters in the third family affected withSponastrime dysplasia. The clinical and radiological features are presented. The two patients showed severe mental retardation. The pattern of inheritance of this rare dysplasia is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02014981
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Paralysis has no effect on chest wall and respiratory system mechanics of mechanically ventilated, sedated patients (1995)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 21 (1995), S. 808-812 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Muscle relaxants ; Sedation ; Respiratory system mechanics ; Chest wall mechanics ; Mechanical ventilation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective To evaluate the separate effects of sedation and paralysis on chest wall and respiratory system mechanics of mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients.Setting: ICU of the University “La Sapienza” Hospital, Rome. Patients and participants 13 critically ill patients were enrolled in this study. All were affected by disease involving both lungs and chest wall mechanics (ARDS in 4 patients, closed chest trauma without flail chest in 4 patients, cardiogenic pulmonary oedema with fluidic overload in 5 patients). Measurements and results Respiratory system and chest wall mechanics were evaluated during constant flow controlled mechanical ventilation in basal conditions (i. e. with the patients under apnoic sedation) and after paralysis with pancuronium bromide. In details, we simultaneously recorded airflow, tracheal pressure, esophageal pressure and tidal volume; with the end-inspiratory and end-expiratory airway occlusion technique we could evaluate respiratory system and chest wall elastance and resistances. Lung mechanics was evaluated by subtracting chest wall from respiratory system data. All data obtained in basal conditions (with the patients sedated with thiopental or propofol) and after muscle paralysis were compared using the Student'st test for paired data. The administration of pancuronium bromide to sedated patients induced a complete muscle paralysis without producing significant modification both to the viscoelastic and to the resistive parameters of chest wall and respiratory system. Conclusions This study demonstrates the lack of additive effects of muscle paralysis in mechanically ventilated, sedated patients. Also in view of the possible side effects of muscle paralysis, our results question the usefulness of generalyzed administration of neuromuscular blocking drugs in mechanically ventilated patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01700963
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new device to remove obstruction from endotracheal tubes during mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients (1994)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 20 (1994), S. 573-576 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Mechanical ventilation ; Endotracheal tubes ; Obstruction ; Acute respiratory failure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective To evaluate the efficiency of a new device developed to remove obstructions from endotracheal tubes (ETT) in mechanically ventilated patients. Design Open study in mechanically ventilated sedated and paralyzed ICU patients. Setting General ICU and Laboratory of Respiratory Mechanics of the University of Rome “La Sapienza”. Patients 8 consecutive unselected mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients in which a partial obstruction of ETT was suspected on the basis of an increase of the peak inspiratory pressure (〉20%) plus the difficult introduction of a standard suction catheter. Interventions Obstructions to ETT were removed with an experimental “obstruction remover” (OR) Measurements “In vivo” ETT airflow resistance (0.25; 0.5; 0.75; 1l/s) was evaluated before and after use of the OR; the work of breathing necessary to overcome ETT resistance (WOBett) was also evaluated before and after OR use. Results The use of OR significantly reduced in all patients the ETT “in vivo” resistance (From 5.5±2.3 to 2.9±0.5 cmH2O/l/s at 0.25l/s,p〈0.05; from 9±2.4 to 3.8±0.8 cmH2O/l/s at 0.51l/s; from 12.2±3.5 to 5.7±1.2 cmH2O/l/s at 0.75l/s; from 16.9±6 to 9.3±3.8 cmH2O/l/s at 1l/s,p〈0.01 respectively). Also the WOBett was significantly reduced after use of the OR (from 0.66±0.19 to 0.34±0.08 J/l;p〈0.05) Conclusion This experimental device can be safely and successfully used to remove obstructions from the ETT lumen, without suspending mechanical ventilation, reducing the need for rapid ETT substitution in emergency and life-threatening situations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01705724
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Auto-PEEP and dynamic hyperinflation in COPD patients during controlled mechanical ventilation and high frequency jet ventilation (1990)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 16 (1990), S. 81-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: COPD ; High frequency jet ventilation ; Auto-PEEP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We investigated the levels of auto-PEEP and dynamic hyperinflation during high frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) and controlled mechanical ventilation (CMV) in six patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease within the first 36 h of acute exacerbation. The comparative evaluation was performed at similar conditions of gas exchange in HFJV and CMV: PaO2 77.6±11 mmHg vs 80.8±12 mmHg; PaCO2 46.8±2.5 mmHg vs 47±2.8 mmHg; pH 7.38 vs 7.38. In this situation, the values of auto-PEEP and dynamic hyperinflation, expressed as Δ over the apneic functional residual capacity (FRC) did not differ: (auto-PEEPHFJV 8.9±3.8 cmH2O; auto-PEEPCMV 8.8±4.7 cmH2O; ΔFRCHFJV 0.56±0.19 l; ΔFRCCMV 0.54±0.2 l). This result suggests that, with a suitable machine setting and similar gas exchanges, HFJV produces the same level of auto-PEEP and dynamic hyperinflation as CMV in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01699850
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of the heat-moisture exchangers on dynamic hyperinflation of mechanically ventilated COPD patients (1990)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 16 (1990), S. 441-443 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Heat-moisture exchangers ; COPD ; Auto PEEP ; Controlled mechanical ventilation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In recent years the use of devices called Heat and Moisture Exchangers (HME) has become widespread as gas conditioners for ICU patients requiring mechanical ventilation. As an important variation of the resistive properties of the HME, related to flow and duration of use, has recently been pointed out during “in vitro” studies, the use of these devices in COPD patients could increase the levels of auto PEEP and dynamic hyperinflation. In this study we have compared the levels of auto PEEP and difference in functional residual capacity (Δ FRC) in a group of COPD patients, requiring controlled mechanical ventilation (CMV), at basal conditions and after the insertion into the circuit of three HMEs (Dar Hygrobac, Pall Ultipor, Engstrom Edith) at random: the results obtained excluded a significant increase of auto PEEP and Δ (FRC) both with “new” HMEs and after 12 h of continuous use.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01711222
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Respiratory system mechanics in the early phase of acute respiratory failure due to severe kyphoscoliosis (1997)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 23 (1997), S. 539-544 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Kyphoscoliosis ; Mechanical ventilation ; Respiratory mechanics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To evaluate respiratory mechanics in the early phase of decompensation in a group of seven patients with severe kyphoscoliosis (KS) (Cobb angle 〉 90 °) requiring mechanical ventilatory support. Design: Prospective clinical study with a control group. Setting: General intensive care unit at University of Rome “La Sapienza”. Patients: Seven consecutive patients affected by severe KS in the early phase of acute decompensation and a control group of six ASA (American Society of Anesthesiology) 1 subjects who were mechanically ventilated during minor surgery. Measurements and results: Respiratory mechanics were evaluated during constant flow-controlled mechanical ventilation at zero end-expiratory pressure with the end-inspiratory and end-expiratory occlusion technique. In five patients who showed increased ohmic resistance (RRSmin), we evaluated the possibility of reversing this increase with a charge dose of 6 mg/kg doxophylline i. v. In four KS patients, in whom a reliable esophageal pressure was confirmed by a positive occlusion test, we separated respiratory system data into lung and chest wall component. All KS patients showed reduced values of respiratory compliance (CRS) and increased respiratory resistance (RRS). The average basal values of CRS were 36 ± 10 vs 58 ± 8.5 cmH2O in control patients; RRSmax was 20 ± 3.1 vs. 4.5 ± 1.2 cmH2O/l per s; RRSmin 6.2 ± 1.2 vs. 2 ± 0.5 cmH2O/l per s: ΔRRS 14 ± 2.6 cmH2O vs 2.4 ± 0.7 cmH2O/l per s. All KS patients showed low values of intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEPi) (1.8 ± 1.5 cmH2O). Separation of lung and chest-wall mechanics, performed only in four patients, showed a reduction in both lung (66.7 ± 7.2 ml/cmH2O) and chest wall values (84 ± 8.2 ml/cmH2O), while both RmaxL and RmaxCW were increased (16.6 ± 2 and 2.8 ± 0.4 cmH2O/l per s, respectively). Infusion of doxophylline did not significantly change respiratory mechanics when evaluated 15, 30, and 45 min after the infusion. Conclusions: During acute decompensation, both lung and chest-wall compliance are severely reduced in KS patients: conversely, and, contrary to that in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, increases in airway resistance and PEEPi seem to play only a secondary role.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001340050370
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Osteopetrorickets: case report (2000)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 159 (2000), S. 579-581 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Osteopetrosis ; Rickets
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report the case of a baby girl who presented with rickets at 3 months. At the age of 5 months she was readmitted because of nystagmus and a diagnosis of osteopetrosis was made on the basis of clinical and radiological findings. Rickets is a paradoxical feature of osteopetrosis resulting from inability to maintain a normal calcium-phosphorus balance. In our patient the onset of rickets before other symptoms of osteopetrosis suggests a primary defect. Conclusion It is possible that patients with osteopetrosis and rickets (osteopetrorickets) represent a different mutation like the osteopetrosis mouse, which is the only animal mutation with rickets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310000485
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