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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electric field induced surface modification of Au (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 8170-8177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We discuss the role of localized high electric fields in the modification of Au surfaces with a W probe using the interfacial force microscope. Upon bringing a probe close to a Au surface, we measure both the interfacial force and the field emission current as a function of separation with a constant potential of 100 V between tip and sample. The current initially increases exponentially as the separation decreases. However, at a distance of less than ∼500 Å, the current rises sharply as the surface begins to distort and rapidly close the gap. Retraction of the tip before contact is made reveals the formation of a mound on the surface. We propose a simple model, in which the localized high electric field under the tip assists the production of mobile Au adatoms by detachment from surface steps, and a radial field gradient causes a net flux of atoms toward the tip by surface diffusion. These processes give rise to an unstable surface deformation which, if left unchecked, results in a destructive mechanical contact. We discuss our findings with respect to earlier work using voltage pulses in the scanning tunneling microscope as a means of nanofabrication. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.370656
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recollections on Louis S. Diamond (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 42 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1995.tb05910.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Maintaining the status quo: federal government budget deficits and defensive rent-seeking (1999)
    [S.l.] : Emerald
    Journal of economic studies 26 (1999), S. 5-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 0144-3585
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The purpose of the present study is to test the hypothesis alluded to by Tullock, within the context of defensive rent-seeking efforts developed by others (e.g. McChesney). Here, we test the idea that defensive rent seeking efforts (or rent-defending) to maintain the status quo augment offensive rent-seeking (all proxied by real campaign contributions to US House/Senate candidates, 1976-1992) during federal budgetary climates of deficit-cutting (budget-balancing). When a panel estimator is properly used, our econometric evidence confirms our hypothesis. Evidence from a Parks regression technique suggests that total rent-seeking is positively related to the amount of federal spending, as others have shown, but that rent-seeking efforts increase when federal budget deficits are reduced, threatening existing spending patterns and rents. Perhaps an unintended consequence of deficit-reduction efforts, holding government spending constant, is an increase in the size of the rent-seeking industry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443589910252566
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Advertising and information: an empirical study of search, experience and credence goods (1995)
    [S.l.] : Emerald
    Journal of economic studies 22 (1995), S. 33-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 0144-3585
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Investigates empirically the importance of buyer characteristics aswell as product and service classifications on the informational contentof advertising supply by sellers utilizing Yellow Pagesadvertisements from six US cities. The analysis and tests extend thecategories used in previous tests by including so-called "credencegoods" by analysing the impact of alternative buyercharacteristics as proxies for time and information costs. Theintra-city and, to a lesser extent, inter-city comparisons lend supportto the contemporary theory of advertising as information.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443589510086970
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolution of a Mammalian Promoter Through Changes in Patterns of Transcription Factor Binding (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 48 (1999), S. 252-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00006463
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolution of a Mammalian Promoter Through Changes in Patterns of Transcription Factor Binding (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 46 (1998), S. 639-648 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Key words: Transcription — Promoter — Regulatory element —Mus genus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Previously, we identified evolutionarily derived changes in the pattern of nuclear factor binding to overlapping sites (termed A, B, and C, in proximal to distal order) within the promoter region of the murine D7Rp2e gene. In Mus domesticus, strong binding occurs at site B, with weak binding at sites A and C; in M. pahari, strong binding is observed at sites A and C, with weak binding at site B. The M. pahari-specific occupancy pattern is associated with repression of transcription. Presently, we have identified two interspecies changes, a single A → G substitution within site B and a 7-bp indel within site C, that are primary determinants of the interspecies differences. These mutations alter both the pattern of binding site occupancy and the ability to repress transcription. The results are discussed in terms of a model involving a dynamic equilibrium between states of binding site occupancy, the nature of which can be modified during evolution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00006344
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Legal cartels and social contracts: Lessons from the economic foundations of government (1996)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of social economics 23 (1996), S. 37-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 0306-8293
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: A cartel is a group of oligopolistic firms that agree to act collectively as a monopolist in some industry or economic enterprise. Discusses the social contract of the Southwest Conference (a legal cartel) using some of the principles of constitutional economics. Viewed from a contractarian framework (following Sobel and Holcombe), the Southwest Conference represent an inter-university constitution or social contract, whose successes and failures are analysed with graphic models and historical evidence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03068299610108863
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Advertising and information costs: an empirical study (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of social economics 25 (1998), S. 1334 
    Details
    ISSN: 0306-8293
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: As pointed out previously by economists, the implicit demand for cost-saving information by potential buyers generates a derived demand for advertising by sellers. This study adds to the body of evidence that reveals the positive role of advertising in the market process. The evidence presented here suggests that sellers do respond to the higher time costs faced by transient populations by providing advertising qua information in a manner that minimizes the total cost of voluntary exchange.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03068299810213945
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Codifying the principles of a welfare state: An analysis of "MacArthur's Constitution" for Japan (2000)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of social economics 27 (2000), S. 272-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 0306-8293
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The present study provides a comparison of the Confederate Constitution of 1861 and the Japanese Constitution of 1946, with emphasis on the role of constitutional constraints on pork-barrel legislation and increasing rates of federal spending. Because the Japanese Constitution, by all accounts, was produced by Americans (American General Douglas MacArthur and the SCAP), it provided a second possibility for Americans, who had the benefit of hindsight regarding the shortcomings of the US Constitution, to potentially make an improvement. Unlike the view maintained by the Confederate States of America in the drafting of a constitution, MacArthur's product actually relaxed constraints on central government spending. The result, the apparent product of the new dealism and progressivism ideologies which were prevalent in 1940s America, has produced an open door to increased levels of special interest spending in Japan.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03068290010286564
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The allocation of death in the Salem witch trials: a public choice perspective (2003)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of social economics 30 (2003), S. 934-941 
    Details
    ISSN: 0306-8293
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: World folklore and history are replete with examples that involve economics principles. The present note builds upon other published work by providing an empirical public choice analysis of the Salem witch trials of 1692. Our analysis suggests that the pattern of accusations during this episode was non-random, and works to support the public choice argument that Reverend Parris and the other ministers used the witchcraft hysteria as a "crusade" against residents of east Salem village because they supported - against the wishes of Parris and the west Salem villagers - economic and political alignment with the neighboring Salem town.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03068290310487513
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