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  • 1
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Cerebral vasospasm ; cerebral aneurysm ; calcium antagonist ; nicardipine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Calcium antagonists are currently most widely used for chronic cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). However, the vasodilatory effects of systemically administered calcium antagonists can be limited secondary to hypotension. We previously compared intrathecal and intravenous routes of administration of nicardipine. Intrathecal administration of nicardipine significantly dilated spastic basilar arteries on day 7 in a two-haemorrhage canine model of vasospasm. In the present communication, the effects of prophylactic, serial administration of intrathecal nicardipine on vasospasm was examined in 50 patients. Patients were classified as Fisher SAH group 3 and all had their aneurysms clipped within 3 days of SAH. Following placement of a cisternal drain, 2 mg of nicardipine was injected, three times each day for an average of 10 days. The control group consisted of 91 similar patients with cisternal drainage not treated with nicardipine. Intrathecal administration of nicardipine decreased the incidence of symptomatic vasospasm by 26%, angiographic vasospasm by 20% and increased good clinical outcome at one month after the haemorrhage by 15%. Postoperative angiograms revealed that patients in the nicardipine group showed less vasospasm of major cerebral arteries, near the tip of a drain in the basal cistern, but vasospasm in the A2 and M2 segments was not decreased. Radio-isotope cisternography suggested that nicardipine might not reach the subarachnoid space around A2 and M2 segments. Nine patients complained of headache probably secondary to nicardipine induced vasodilation. Two patients suffered from mengingitis, both were successfully treated. Intrathecal administration nicardipine appears to be effective in the treatment of vasospasm, but side effects were significant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An analytical method based on a new theoretical model for the x-ray energy responses of silicon surface-barrier (SSB) detectors has been proposed. This method may address a recent confusing issue in the x-ray detection characteristics of SSB semiconductor detectors; that is, the x-ray responses of SSB detectors as well as p-i-n diodes used in underbiased operations were recently found to be contrary to the commonly held belief that the x-ray sensitivity of an SSB detector is determined by the thickness of the depletion layer. The model presented includes a signal contribution from thermally diffusing charge that is created in the field-free substrate region within a diffusion length from the depletion layer along with a signal contribution from charge created in the depletion layer. This model predicts a large signal contribution from the charge-diffusion effect on the SSB responses to high-energy x rays. Formulas and calculated results supporting SSB calibration data have been represented. These analytical methods might be developed to apply the analyses and predictions of energy responses of various types of silicon detectors including p-i-n diodes as well as charge-coupled devices.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The effect of thermal-diffusion charge on the x-ray energy response of silicon surface-barrier (SSB) detectors have generally been ignored; consequently, the SSB response has been believed to be analyzed using the thickness of the depletion layer alone. Our new theory on the SSB x-ray response [J. Appl. Phys. 72, 3363 (1992)] was prepared for addressing recent confusion on plasma x-ray analyses using SSB detectors [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 59, 1380 (1988); 61, 693 (1990); 63, 4850 (1992)]. This approach was made under the assumption of a dominant contribution of the diffusion-charge signal in the vicinity of the x-ray incident location because of the strong reduction of the x-ray produced charge within the thermal-diffusion length. In this report, the comparison between this approximation (having an approximated solution) and the exact numerical calculation (using an integral form) is carried out. Necessity and importance of such three-dimensional treatments for the data analyses as well as the design of multichannel semiconductor-array detectors developed for plasma x-ray tomography diagnostics are highlighted. Furthermore, for the total diffusing-charge amount, the calculated results from our theory and the values using the comment from Donolato agree well within the accuracy of 1%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 4 (1992), S. 1023-1032 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Absolute instability in a plasma-filled backward wave oscillator with sinusoidally corrugated slow wave structure driven by an intense relativistic electron beam has been analyzed numerically. The maximum spatial growth rate of the plasma-filled waveguide is found to be larger than that of an optimally designed vacuum structure. The excitation of a finite length structure is investigated. Although the spatial growth rates obtained in the linear theory increase with plasma density in the finite length plasma-filled structure for the fundamental TM01 mode of oscillation, negative global spatial growth rates prevent the coherent oscillation for intermediate ranges of plasma density, beam current, and even for structure length.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pediatric surgery international 12 (1997), S. 618-619 
    ISSN: 1437-9813
    Keywords: Ductoplasty ; Anatomic variation ; Biliary reconstruction ; Choledochal cyst
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The confluence of the right and left hepatic ducts at the hepatic hilum frequently shows normal anatomic variations. Choledochal cysts (CC) are also accompanied by similar variations, and devices for free drainage of bile are occasionally required in biliary reconstruction. We present a CC that had an aberrant posterior branch of the right hepatic duct draining into the distal common hepatic duct. A capacious hepaticoduodenostomy at the hilum was performed after joining the hilar and aberrant ducts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pediatric surgery international 13 (1998), S. 414-415 
    ISSN: 1437-9813
    Keywords: Key words Gastroesophageal reflux ; Hiatal hernia ; Omphalocele
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Esophageal hiatal hernias (EHH) are probably caused by congenital, traumatic, or iatrogenic factors, although the etiology remains unknown. EHHs may develop after abdominal wall closure for omphalocele or gastroschisis due to the increased intra-abdominal pressure, however, there have been few reports in the literature. We present a case of EHH developing after abdominal wall closure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pediatric surgery international 12 (1997), S. 618-619 
    ISSN: 1437-9813
    Keywords: Key words Ductoplasty ; Anatomic variation ; Biliary reconstruction ; Choledochal cyst
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The confluence of the right and left hepatic ducts at the hepatic hilum frequently shows normal anatomic variations. Choledochal cysts (CC) are also accompanied by similar variations, and devices for free drainage of bile are occasionally required in biliary reconstruction. We present a CC that had an aberrant posterior branch of the right hepatic duct draining into the distal common hepatic duct. A capacious hepaticoduodenostomy at the hilum was performed after joining the hilar and aberrant ducts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1437-9813
    Keywords: Key words Cryptorchidism  ;  Apoptosis  ;  Germ cells  ; TUNEL method
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We investigated the possible involvement of apoptosis in the increased germ-cell degeneration in undescended testes (UDT). Experimental unilateral cryptorchidism was induced in 21-day-old rats, and both testes were removed for in-situ TUNEL staining of apoptotic cells at 1, 3, 7, 10, and 14 days postoperation. A gradual increase in the incidence of apoptosis was seen at 21–28 days of age in the control testes, followed by a decrease thereafter. After 10 days postoperation, the weight of the UDT was significantly lower than that of the contralateral descended testis (CDT) and the controls. However, the weight of scrotal testes in each group was similar. UDTs demonstrated a markedly increased incidence of apoptosis. By 7 days postoperation, the percentage of seminiferous tubules containing apoptotic germ cells significantly increased in UDTs compared with that in CDTs and controls (P 〈 0.001). Moreover, there was a significant difference in the percentage of seminiferous tubules containing apoptotic germ cells between CDTs and controls (P 〈 0.01). In addition, an increased incidence of seminiferous tubules containing 8–10 and 〉10 apoptotic germ cells from 7, 10, and 14 days postoperation in UDTs was detected. In-situ TUNEL analysis demonstrated spermatocytes to be the main type of germ cells affected in all groups. These findings suggest that spermatogenesis decreases not only in the␣UDT, but also in the CDT, and that the germ-cell degeneration in cryptorchidism took the form of apoptosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 51-52 (Jan. 1991), p. 349-354 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 70 (1983), S. 469-470 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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