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  • 1995-1999  (16)
  • 1990-1994  (13)
  • 1920-1924  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 99 (1993), S. 1597-1606 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Time-resolved four wave mixing (4WM) signals of conjugated polymers are calculated using a density matrix approach and the Hartree–Fock approximation. The influence of the Coulomb interaction as well as size effects on the nonlinear optical response are examined. For the Hückel model (no Coulomb interaction), quantum beats due to the coherent excitation of several band states are found for small sizes, and photon echo-like behavior is obtained for infinite size. The Coulomb interaction changes the nature of the response and gives rise to a broad delayed signal whose temporal profile is determined by the dephasing time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 7 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: BACKGROUND: Pantoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor characterized by a low potential to interact with the cytochrome P450 enzyme system in man. Its effect on intragastric pH following single and repeated oral intake was investigated in comparison to omeprazole by continuous intragastric pH-metry at doses recommended for treatment of peptic ulcer disease. METHODS: Sixteen healthy male subjects underwent two dosing periods. From day 1 to day 7, they were given once daily by mouth 40 mg pantoprazole in one period and 20 mg omeprazole in the other period, according to a double-blind randomized crossover design. Twenty-four-hour intragastric pH was recorded and frequent blood samples for pharmacokinetic analysis were taken on day 1 and day 7. A placebo pH profile was obtained prior to each treatment period. RESULTS: Pantoprazole was significantly more effective than omeprazole with regard to increase in 24-h and daytime pH, following both single (median 24-h pH: 1.45 vs. 1.3, P 〈 0.05; median daytime pH: 1.6 vs. 1.3, P 〈 0.01) and repeated (median 24-h pH: 3.15 vs. 2.05, P 〈 0.01; median daytime pH: 3.8 vs. 2.65, P 〈 0.05) oral intake. As compared to the first dose, repeated administration of both drugs markedly increased the effect on intragastric pH. With pantoprazole, steady- state serum concentrations were obtained after the first dose, but not with omeprazole. Both drugs were well tolerated without relevant changes in vital signs of clinical laboratory parameters. CONCLUSION: Pantoprazole 40 mg is significantly more effective than omeprazole 20 mg in raising intragastric pH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The effects of the H+, K+-ATPase inhibitor BY 1023/SK&F 96022 on pentagastrin-stimulated acid secretion have been studied in healthy male volunteers (n= 12). The gastric acid response to submaximal pentagastrin-stimulation (0.6 μg/h/kg b.w.) was dose-dependently inhibited. A single dose of 5 mg decreased acid output by 22% while after 60 mg and 80 mg secretion was almost completely abolished.A good dose linearity was observed for AUC (0, 〉) and Cmax over the dose range from 5 to 80 mg. Elimination half-life, total clearance and volume of distribution of the parent compound were independent of the dose.The drug was well tolerated up to the highest dose of 80 mg. No clinically relevant influence was found on either laboratory screen or cardiovascular parameters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mathematical programming 49 (1990), S. 281-283 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Linear duality ; polar duality ; closed sets
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A topological characterization is given for closed sets in ℚ n under the restriction of (cone) polar duality to ℚ n .
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 24 (1994), S. 1201-1205 
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Holes in cation exchange membranes of alkali chloride cells can have a number of different causes. They do not represent a source of great danger during operation of a membrane electrolyser as long as their number is limited or their combined diameter does not exceed a certain size. Of the different methods for detection of holes in membranes, two procedures are described in detail: the cell voltage test and the leak test with measurement of the gas flow through the holes. The cell voltage test is performed with low time consumption during start-up of an electrolyser. It mainly shows the large membrane holes in a cell. In contrast to this, with the leak test all holes in a membrane are detected. However, the procedure is time consuming and is possible only with a totally drained electrolyser. It is recommended to perform these tests immediately after installing new membranes and then from time to time in order to avoid damage to the cells or to the plant chlorine system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 23 (1993), S. 103-107 
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract During the operation of an industrial-scale membrane electrolysis plant over a number of years, a record was kept of the formation of the byproduct oxygen in the anode gas and chlorate in the anolyte parallel to the decline of the current efficiencies of the main products. It was found that the current efficiencies of the byproducts increase linearly with the declining current efficiencies of the main products, chlorine and caustic soda. Of the two types of anode used, one exhibited considerably more oxygen formation than the other. The high-oxygen anode was associated with distinctly lower chlorate formation than the low-oxygen anode. The increasing oxygen contents and chlorate formation rates associated with falling caustic current efficiency are reported for both types of anode. If hydrochloric acid is used to destroy the chlorate, the amount of acid must be increased as the caustic current efficiency falls. The amounts of hydrochloric acid required for the two types of anode are calculated as examples for 96% and 93% caustic current efficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 124 (1998), S. 288-290 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Keywords Pharmacoeconomics ; High-dose chemotherapy ; Peripheral blood stem cell support
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Discussion of the total costs and cost-effectiveness ratios of patients receiving high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) and peripheral blood stem cell support (PBSCS) is controversial. In Germany, no reliable data are available, whereas in other countries this issue has been extensively studied. We performed a pharmacoeconomic evaluation on all patients (n = 37) treated with HDC and PBSCS at our institution between July 1994 and June 1997. Patients suffered from high-risk or poor-prognosis breast cancer (n = 24), Hodgkin's disease (n = 3), high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (n = 4), multiple myeloma (n = 2), small-cell cervical cancer (n = 1), malignant hystiocytosis (n = 1) and testicular cancer (n = 2). For pharmacoeconomic evaluation, the period from initiation of induction chemotherapy (IC) until reconstitution after the last course of HDC and PBSCS was considered. A total of 18 patients received IC/HDC/PBSCS for locally advanced or systemic disease, and 19 patients received adjuvant or consolidation IC/HDC/PBSCS. Treatment protocols were heterogeneous. Patients were treated with two to five courses (median two) respectively of IC and sequential mono-HDC (n = 26), tandem-HDC (n = 10) or triple-HDC (n = 1). All patients received granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) for stem cell mobilisation and for amelioration of neutropenia after HDC. The relative costs (based on supplier prices) for the total amount of drugs prescribed during the in-patient period was 29.8% for G-CSF, 35.8% for blood products 18.5% for chemotherapy, 2.4% for antiemetics, 5.9% for antimicrobial drugs and 7.6% for other drugs. Contrary to expectations, antimicrobial drugs had only a minor pharmacoeconomic impact during IC/HDC/PBSCS in patients with high-risk or poor-prognosis malignancies, indicating that prolonged septic complications were uncommon in our institution. We conclude that pharmacoeconomic evaluations in IC/HDC/PBSCS might be integrated into the effort to ensure quality control and monitoring.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Urologe 37 (1998), S. 621-624 
    ISSN: 1433-0563
    Keywords: Key words Markerpositive germ cell tumors • Residual tumor resection • Salvage chemotherapy • High dose chemotherapy ; Schlüsselwörter Markerpositive Keimzelltumoren • Residualtumorresektion (RTR) • Salvagechemotherapie • Hochdosischemotherapie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Aus einer Gruppe von Patienten mit metastasierten Keimzelltumoren, die sich zwischen 1991 und 1997 einer Residualtumorresektion (RTR) unterziehen mußte, wurden 33 ausgewertet, die zum Operationszeitpunkt markerpositiv waren. Die Ergebnisse der histopathologischen Untersuchung des Residuums, der Verlauf der Tumormarker und das progreßfreie sowie rezidivfreie Überleben wurden beurteilt. Die Krankheitsstadien waren bei Primärdiagnose unterschiedlich: „minimal disease“n = 1, „moderate disease“n = 15 und „advanced disease“n = 17. Diese Patientengruppe hatte durchschnittlich 8,5 cisplatinhaltige Zyklen einer Polychemotherapie erhalten. Nur 11 Patienten wurden nach First-line-Chemotherapie operiert, die übrigen 22 nach Second-line- bzw. Third-line-Chemotherapie. Bei 12 von 31 auswertbaren Patienten konnte eine anhaltende komplette Remission erzielt werden. Die mediane Nachbeobachtungszeit beträgt für diese Gruppe 30 Monate (2–58 Monate). Die Histologie des Resektats und die Höhe der Tumormarker vor der RTR erlauben keine prognostische Einschätzung. Die Operation führt bei 44 % der AFP- und 30 % der HCG-positiven Patienten zu einer anhaltenden Remission. Sind zum Zeitpunkt der RTR die Tumormarker im Normbereich, beträgt die tumorfreie Überlebensrate 72 %; bei präoperativ erhöhten Markern überleben 39 %. Gelingt keine Markernormalisierung durch intensivierte Chemotherapie, so bleibt die RTR die einzige Möglichkeit, um den schicksalhaften Krankheitsverlauf zu beeinflussen.
    Notes: Summary We analyzed 33 patients with disseminated germ cell tumors (GCT) who underwent residual tumor resection (RTR) during the period from 1991–1997. The patients were markerpositive prior to surgery were analyzed. The histopathological examination of the resected masses, the marker dynamics and the relapse-free respectively the progressionfree survival, were evaluated. The status differed at primary diagnosis: minimal disease n = 1, moderate disease n = 15, advanced disease n = 17. The patients received at average 8,5 cisplatin-containing cycles of polychemotherapy. Only 11 patients underwent surgery after first-line-chemotherapy. The remaining received second- or third-line-chemotherapy prior to surgery. In 12 of 31 evaluable patients, a durable CR was achieved. The median follow-up for this group is 30 months (2–58 months). The histopathologic examination of the resected specimen and the tumor marker level prior to RTR do not permit determination of prognostic outcome. After operation 44 % of the AFP-positive and 30 % of the β -HCG-positive patients had a durable remission. If tumor marker levels at time of RTR are within normal range, disease-free survival is 72 %; in case of elevated markers 39 % will survive. If intensive chemotherapy fails to normalize markers, RTR remains the only option to change the fatal course of the disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Orthopäde 27 (1998), S. 301-304 
    ISSN: 1433-0431
    Keywords: Key words Sample size • Alpha-beta-power • Effect size ; Schlüsselwörter Stichprobenumfang •α-, β-Fehler/Power • Effektgröße
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Aussagekraft einer klinischen Studie hängt in hohem Maße von der Größe der untersuchten Stichprobe ab. Der optimale Stichprobenumfang kann problemlos berechnet werden, wenn α-Fehler, Power und Effektgröße bekannt sind. In Therapiestudien betragen das α-Fehler-Niveau und die Power meist 5% bzw. 90%. Für den Stichprobenumfang ist deshalb die Effektgröße, die vom Kliniker aufgrund medizinischer Überlegungen festgelegt wird, entscheidend. Die möglichen Konsequenzen sowohl zu kleiner als auch zu großer Stichproben werden anhand der inhaltlichen Bedeutung von α-Fehler, Power und Effektgröße erörtert. Zu kleine Stichproben besitzen ein hohes Risiko falsch negativer Ergebnisse und können dazu führen, daß eine möglicherweise wirksame Therapie nicht angewandt wird. Zu große Stichproben können statistisch signifikante Unterschiede zur Folge haben, die klinisch jedoch bedeutungslos sind.
    Notes: Summary A determinant for the evidence of a clinical trial is the magnitude of the sample size. The proper sample size can be easily computed with the knowledge of α, power and effect size. Standard values for α and power in clinical trials are 5% and 90%, respectively. As consequence, effect size is crucial for the sample size. The effect size has to be determined by the clinician according to medical considerations. Possible consequences of sample sizes that are either too small or too large are discussed with regard to the meaning of α, power and effect size. Trials with improper small samples sizes have a high risk of false negative results, and may subsequently prevent the application of a possibly effective therapy. Trials with improper large sample sizes may result in statistically significant differences without any clinical relevance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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