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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fermentation of extremophilic microorganisms (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology reviews 18 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6976
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract: The cultivation of the hyperthermophile Pyrococcus furiosus, the thermoacidophile Sulfolobus shibatae and the halophile Marinococcus M52 in dialysis membrane reactors resulted in cell yields of 2.6 g 1−1, 114 g 1−1 and 132 g 1−1 (cell dry weight), respectively. In the case of P. furiosus neither hydrogen (up to 160 μmol 1−1) nor the metabolic products were found to be responsible for growth cessation at a cultivation temperature of 90°C. The low cell yield at an agitation speed of above 1800 rpm demonstrates the sensitivity of P. furiosus to hydrodynamic stress. The oxygen transfer rate into culture medium at extreme temperatures was shown to be equal or even greater than that under mesophilic condition.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6976.1996.tb00243.x
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Physiology and enzymology of thermophilic anaerobic bacteria degrading starch (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 75 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The capability of secreting thermoactive enzymes exhibiting α-amylase and pullulanase with debraching activity, seems to be widely distributed amongst anaerobic thermophilic bacteria. Interestingly, pullulanase formed by these bacteria displays dual specificity by attacking α-1,6- as well as α-1,4-glycosidic linkages in branched glucose polymers. Unlike the enzyme system of aerobic microorganisms the majority of starch hydrolysing enzymes of anaerobic bacteria is metal indepedent and is extremely thermostable. This enzyme system is controlled by substrate induction and catabolite repression; enzyme expression is accomplished when maltose or maltose-containing carbohydrates are used as substrates. By developing a process in continuous culture we were able to greatly enhance enzyme synthesis and release by anaerobic thermophilic bacteria. An elevation in the specific activities of cell-free amylases and pullulanases could also be achieved by entrapping of bacteria in calcium alginate beads. The unique properties of extracellular enzymes of thermophilic anaerobic bacteria makes this group of organisms suitable candidates for inductrial application.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1990.tb04095.x
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Extremely thermostable amylolytic enzyme from the archaebacterium Pyrococcus furiosus (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 71 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract One of the most thermostable and thermoactive enzymes ever described has been characterized from a hyperthermophilic archaebacterium Pyrococcus furiosus. The enzyme system of this bacterium was capable of hydrolyzing starch forming a mixture of various oligosaccharides. Unlike the amylases from aerobic bacteria this enzyme does not require metal ions for activity or stability. The enzyme is catalytically active over a very broad temperature range, namely between 40°C and 140°C. The half life of this peculiar enzyme during autoclaving at 120°C is 2 h.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1990.tb03792.x
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Production of novel pullulanases at high concentrations by two newly isolated thermophilic clostridia (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 69 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Two thermophilic bacteria, which are capable of growing on starch at 60–70°C under anaerobic conditions, were isolated from a sugar refinery in Uelzen and from Solar lake in Israel. On the basis of their physiological characteristics they were identified as Clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum Uel 1 and C. thermohydrosulfuricum Sol 1, respectively. The product pattern of glucose polymer hydrolysis showed that both strains secreted enzymes' that possess amylolytic and pullulytic activities. The major product formed was maltose. In addition, α-glucosidase activity could be detected in the supernatants of Uel 1 strain. Compared to most anaerobes investigated these isolates secreted extremely high concentrations of pullulanases in batch culture. Up to 85% of the total enzyme synthesized was detected in the culture fluid. Unlike the pullulanases of tyoe I, which can only attack the α-1,6-glycosidic linkages, the pullulanases of both clostridial strains were also capable of hydrolyzing α-1,4-linkages. The enzyme system of both bacteria was found to be highly thermoactive; optimal activity was detected at pH 5.0 and 85°C. Even at 95°C and without the addition of metal ions still 15% to 25% of enzymatic activity was detectable.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1990.tb04191.x
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Preliminary crystallographic analysis of an extremely thermostable glutamate dehydrogenase from the archaeon Pyrococcus woesei (1995)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 51 (1995), S. 395-398 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-0047
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The extremely heat-stable glutamate dehydrogenase (GluDH) from Pyrococcus woesei was crystallized by the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method. Crystals suitable for X-ray crystallographic investigations were obtained using polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000 and ammonium acetate as precipitating agents. The crystals obtained diffract to a resolution of 2.8 Å, have a prismatic shape and grow up to 0.5 mm in their maximal dimension. They belong to the triclinic system (space group P1; a = 90.9, b = 92.8, c = 107.1 Å, α = 69.1, β = 80.7, Vγ = 65.0°) with a unit-cell volume of 765052 Å3 which accommodates one GluDH hexamer of 276 kDa. The averaged density of the crystal determined by Ficoll-gradient centrifugation is 1.15 g cm−3, which corresponds to a molecular mass of 255 kDa in the unit cell. A native data set has been collected on an MAR image-plate system using Cu Kα radiation. The completeness of the data set in the range 316–3 Å is 74%, and contains 64% of the data in the outer shell (3.4–2.8 Å), with an average Rmerge value of 9%. Calculation of self-rotation functions revealed the 32 symmetry of the hexamer; 3 non-crystallographic twofold axes were found at a distance of 120° in a plane perpendicular to the non-crystallographic threefold axis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0907444994011224
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Growth and production of xylanolytic enzymes by the extreme thermophilic anaerobic bacterium Thermotoga thermarum (1996)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 45 (1996), S. 671-676 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Abstract  Cultivation of the extreme thermophilic anaerobic bacterium Thermotoga thermarum at 77°C on xylan was accompanied by the formation of heat-stable endoxylanase (136U/l), β-xylosidase (44U/l) and α-arabinofuranosidase (10U/l). These enzymes were mainly associated with the cells and could not be released by detergent treatment {0.1–1.0mM 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)-dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulphonate (CHAPS)}. Endoxylanases with a molecular weight of 40, 83 and 100kDa were induced when xylan or xylose were used as substrates for growth. In the presence of other sugars like glucose, maltose, arabinose or starch, low concentrations of the low-molecular-weight endoxylanase (40kDa) was detected. Xylose was found to be the best substrate for the induction of β-xylosidase and α-arabinofuranosidase but not for growth. Cultivation of T. thermarum in a dialysis batch fermentor resulted in a significant increase in cell concentration and enzyme level. A total cell count of 1.3×109 cells/ml and 202U/l of endoxylanase were measured when partially soluble birchwood xylan was used as the carbon source. The use of insoluble beechwood xylan as the substrate caused the elevation of the maximal cell concentration and enzyme level up to 2.0×109 cells/ml and 540U/l, respectively.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530050746
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Characterization of amylolytic and pullulytic enzymes from thermophilic archaea and from a new Fervidobacterium species (1994)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 42 (1994), S. 239-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Abstract  Nine extremely thermophilic archaea and one novel thermophilic bacterium were screened for their ability to produce amylolytic and pullulytic enzymes. Cultivation of these micro-organisms was performed in the absence of elemental sulphur with starch as the major carbon source. Enzymatic activity was mainly detected in two archaea belonging to the order Thermoproteales, Desulfurococcus mucosus and Staphylothermus marinus, in two archaea belonging to the order Thermococcales, Thermococcus celer and T. litoralis and in two novel archaeal strains, TYS and TY previously isolated from the Guaymas Basin in the Gulf of California. Both amylolytic and pullulytic activities were also detected in a newly isolated thermophilic bacterium belonging to the order Thermotogales and previously described as Fervidobacterium pennavorans. Best yields for enzyme production were obtained in 1–1 batch cultures with the strains TYS (13 units U/l of amylase, 6 U/l of pullulanase), F. pennavorans (2.5 U/l of amylase, 4.5 U/l of pullulanase) and T. litoralis (3.0 U/l of amylase). Enzymes were in general characterized by temperature optima around 90–100°C, pH optima around 5.5–6.5 and a high degree of thermostability. Due to the remarkable properties of these enzymes, they are of interest for biotechnological applications.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00902723
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Characterization of amylolytic and pullulytic enzymes from thermophilic archaea and from a newFervidobacterium species (1994)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 42 (1994), S. 239-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Abstract Nine extremely thermophilic archaea and one novel thermophilic bacterium were screened for their ability to produce amylolytic and pullulytic enzymes. Cultivation of these micro-organisms was performed in the absence of elemental sulphur with starch as the major carbon source. Enzymatic activity was mainly detected in two archaea belonging to the order Thermoproteales,Desulfurococcus mucosus andStaphylothermus marinus, in two archaea belonging to the order Thermococcales,Thermococcus celer andT. litoralis and in two novel archaeal strains, TYS and TY previously isolated from the Guaymas Basin in the Gulf of California. Both amylolytic and pullulytic activities were also detected in a newly isolated thermophilic bacterium belonging to the order Thermotogales and previously described asFervidobacterium pennavorans. Best yields for enzyme production were obtained in 1–1 batch cultures with the strains TYS (13 units U/1 of amylase, 6 U/1 of pullulanase),F. pennavorans (2.5 U/l of amylase, 4.5 U/l of pullulanase) andT. litoralis (3.0 U/l of amylase). Enzymes were in general characterized by temperature optima around 90–100°C, pH optima around 5.5–6.5 and a high degree of thermostability. Due to the remarkable properties of these enzymes, they are of interest for biotechnological applications.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00902723
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Isolation and characterization of a thermophilic bacillus strain, that degrades phenol and cresols as sole carbon source at 70 °C (1996)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 46 (1996), S. 593-596 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Abstract A phenol-degrading thermophilic bacterium, designated Bacillus sp. A2, was isolated from a water and mud sample from a hot spring in Iceland. The aerobic isolate grew optimally on phenol at 65 °C. At 70 °C, 85% of the optimal growth rate was still observed. No growth was observed at 40 °C and 75 °C. Bacillus sp. A2 is a gram-positive spore-forming rod. According to 16S rDNA analysis Bacillus sp. A2 is closely related to Bacillus stearothermophilus, Bacillus kaustophilus and Bacillus thermoleovorans. Bacillus sp. A2 degraded phenol completely in concentrations up to 5 mM. In addition, all three isomers of cresol were utilized as sole carbon and energy sources. The degradation of phenols proceeds via the meta-cleavage pathway and the enzymes involved in its degradation are constitutively expressed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530050866
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Determination of the kinetic parameters during continuous cultivation of the lipase-producing thermophile Bacillus sp. IHI-91 on olive oil (1997)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 48 (1997), S. 184-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Abstract A thermostable lipase was produced in continuous cultivation of a newly isolated thermophilic Bacillus sp. strain IHI-91 growing optimally at 65 °C. Lipase activity decreased with increasing dilution rate while lipase productivity showed a maximum of 340 U l−1 h−1 at a dilution rate of 0.4 h−1. Lipase productivity was increased by 50% compared to data from batch fermentations. Up to 70% of the total lipase activity measured was associated to cells and by-products or residual substrate. Kinetic and stoichiometric parameters for the utilisation of olive oil were determined. The maximal biomass output method led to a saturation constant K S of 0.88 g/l. Both batch growth data and a washout experiment yielded a maximal specific growth rate, μmax, of 1.0 h−1. Oxygen uptake rates of up to 2.9 g l−1h−1 were calculated and the yield coefficient, Y X/O, was determined to be 0.29 g dry cell weight/g O2. From an overall material balance the yield coefficient, Y X/S, was estimated to be 0.60 g dry cell weight/g olive oil.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530051036
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