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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular or Supramolecular Templating: Defining the Role of Surfactant Chemistry in the Formation of Microporous and Mesoporous Molecular Sieves (1994)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Chemistry of materials 6 (1994), S. 1816-1821 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5002
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm00046a040
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lack of effect of cimetidine on cigarette smoking (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 44 (1993), S. 51-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Cigarette smoking ; Cimetidine ; nicotine regulation ; nicotine elimination ; nicotine kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The efficacy of cimetidine as a treatment that could reduce smoking in heavily dependent smokers has been determined. In a randomised, double-blind, double-crossover experiment, 43 heavy smokers were divided into two groups, one receiving cimetidine 400 mg orally three times a day, and the other receiving placebo for two weeks followed by the alternative treatment (placebo or cimetidine). No significant difference in the mean alveolar carbon monoxide, nicotine or cotinine levels was found between the two treatment groups compared to baseline. Since the alveolar carbon monoxide level reflects the intensity of smoking behaviour, the results suggest that no change in smoking behaviour occurred in the subjects. Contrary to our previous findings that cimetidine decreased the total body clearance of nicotine by 30% in a population of non-smokers, in the heavily dependent smokers, cimetidine did not appear to alter nicotine elimination. One possible explanation for the discrepancy is that tobacco smoking is known to induce nicotine metabolism and the induction might have offset any effect of cimetidine on nicotine elimination. Cimetidine does not appear to be a useful treatment leading to a reduction or cessation of cigarette smoking.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315280
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of semi-quantitative electrofishing to juvenile salmonid stock surveys (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 45 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A semi-quantitative electrofishing technique is described, which has applications for assessing distribution and densities of 0+ salmonids in streams. Linear regressions of logarithmically-transformed data satisfactorily described the relationship between numbers of 0+ Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) and 0+ brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) captured in a standard 5 min fishing and quantitative population estimates obtained using a commonly used method. Applications of the semi-quantitative technique to management are discussed and a categorization system proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1994.tb01293.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of a fry (0+;) abundance index, based on semi-quantitative electrofishing, to predict Atlantic salmon smolt runs in the River Bush, Northern Ireland (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 47 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: An abundance index for 0+ Atlantic salmon was based on semi-quantitative electrofishing estimates at 137 sites in typical juvenile habitat throughout the River Bush (N. Ireland). 0 + abundance was linearly related to total smolt numbers migrating through a downstream trap in subsequent years (r2= 0.716, P〈0.001), suggesting a high degree of predictive ability. This predictive ability decreased as smolt age increased, suggesting influence of density-independent mortality. Potential application of the technique to estimate smolt production from rivers having no trapping facilities is discussed, together with sources of variability potentially affecting estimates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1995.tb01877.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidation of silicon nitride films in an oxygen plasma (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 3319-3326 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The fabrication of oxynitrides using low thermal budget process technology is a key component in the production of advanced devices. This work focuses on the use of plasma anodization of low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) silicon nitride films to produce silicon oxynitride films, which are characterized structurally and electrically. The oxynitride dielectric films have a three layer structure, with "SiO2"-like layers at the surface and near the interface, and a "Si3N4"-like layer between them. Hence, nitrogen atoms are replaced by oxygen atoms at the surface of the film and near the Si/dielectric interface. The conductivity of the silicon nitride film was found to be higher than the silicon oxynitride film, whereas the conductivity of the oxynitride and, therefore, its trapping characteristics are more temperature dependent. Furthermore, the activation energy required to release an electron from a trap in the silicon oxynitride film (0.218 eV) is 1.7× that of the silicon nitride film (0.130 eV). Although oxidation of the LPCVD silicon nitride film did not reduce the interface trap density (≅1012 cm−2 eV−1 for both Si3N4 and SiON films), the density of traps, which are thought to be silicon dangling bonds in the form of an sp3 state near midgap, have reduced. A model to explain the conduction properties of the silicon oxynitride film—based on the Fowler–Nordheim conduction mechanism—was developed. Moreover, this model takes into account the trapping dynamics of the film. It was found that the best theoretical fit to the experimental current density data was obtained by assuming that the areal trap density, No,=5×1012 cm−2 and the trap capture cross section, σ=1×10−16 cm2. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.369678
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Exciton saturation in room temperature GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum wells (1997)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 71 (1997), S. 936-938 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report time resolved studies of optically induced circular dichroism in room temperature GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum wells to resolve spin-dependent and spin-independent contributions to exciton saturation. Phase-space filling and Coulomb contributions were separated by spin dependence while the effects of broadening and screening were distinguished using different pulse bandwidths. Bound and free carrier contributions were compared by observing the temporal dependence of the circular dichroism on femtosecond timescales. The spin independent contribution to exciton saturation was found to be independent of whether the carriers were bound or free. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.119694
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localized Kerr-type nonlinearities in GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum well structures at 1.55 μm (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 68 (1996), S. 3078-3080 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report the use of a novel impurity free vacancy disordering technique which has been used to produce waveguides with different Kerr-type nonlinear coefficients. The technique relies on standard SiO2 dielectric caps to promote disordering and Ga2O3 caps to suppress disordering. Band-gap shifts of around 40 nm and consequent changes in n2 of more than 60% are reported. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.116428
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonlinear single wavelength polarization switching in InGaAs/InP quantum well waveguides (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 1871-1873 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The existence of two polarization dependent band edges in InGaAs/InP quantum well material has been used to demonstrate single wavelength all-optical switching in a nonlinear guided wave Fabry–Perot resonator. The device had a single quantum well embedded in the optical waveguide and was characterized as a function of input pump power and laser wavelength using laser pulses of about 45 ps duration at a repetition rate of 82 MHz. A signal gain factor of over two was obtained for pump pulses of 1.2 pJ and the optimum operating wavelength of 1.51 μm was found to coincide with the heavy hole exciton absorption resonance. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.113305
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bias dependent recovery time of all-optical resonant nonlinearity in an InGaAsP/InGaAsP multiquantum well waveguide (1994)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 65 (1994), S. 2657-2659 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The refractive nonlinearities due to bandfilling and the plasma effect in a multiquantum well buried heterostructure semiconductor waveguide under reverse bias are probed using self-phase modulation techniques. Modeling of the self-phase modulation has allowed the magnitude of the phase modulation and nonlinearity recovery time constant to be extracted. π radians phase shift has been obtained for a coupled pulse energy of 32 pJ. The nonlinearity recovery time constant is 18±3 ps for an applied field of 34 MV m−1, limited by thermionic emission from the quantum wells. © 1994 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.112594
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical bistability in an InGaAs/InP multiple quantum well waveguide Fabry–Perot cavity (1993)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 63 (1993), S. 1610-1612 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report measurements of quasi-cw optical bistability in an InGaAs/InP multiple quantum well waveguide Fabry–Perot cavity at 1.47 μm wavelength. This operating wavelength is detuned from the band-edge resonance by 0.07 μm, where an enhanced free-carrier contribution to the nonlinear refractive index due to 2D confinement of carriers in the quantum wells accounts for the large index variations. The effect of any thermally induced nonlinear response is negligible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.110711
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