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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1858
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper reports an effort to introduce high temperature superconductor (HTS) into the MEMS (microelectromechanical systems) field, to develop fabrication procedures suitable for HTS, and using them to fabricate a prototype superconductor microsensor for magnetic field detection. The prototype device fabricated is a sensor based on the giant magnetoresistivity of a high temperature superconductor around its critical temperature. It was fabricated using optical lithography and electrodeposition of Tl1Ba2Ca2Cu3Ox (Tl-1223) type high T C superconductors. The test results of the prototype sensor fabricated show that the prototype sensor has a very high magnetoresistivity at medium to strong magnetic field strength and low magnetoresistivity at weak magnetic field. Our work suggests that in order to develop a high precision magnetic sensor for the detection of very weak magnetic fields, other HTS materials with less flux pinning effect and more weak links need to be pursued. The MEMS fabrication process developed is simple, repeatable, and applicable to microfabrication of other types of superconductor devices.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 57 (1981), S. 107-113 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two cases of intracerebral epidermoid cysts are reported. Their presentation did not conform with classical symptoms and signs. Total excision was followed by complete recovery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Keywords: Meteorology and atmospheric dynamics ; Lightning ; Precipitation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The records of VLF atmospherics over Calcutta and then over Kalyani (West Bengal) during the torrential rainfall, caused by violent monsoon and post-monsoon depressions, exhibit distinct long-period fadings both at day and night. Interesting results obtained from an analysis of round-the-clock atmospherics data and associated meteorological parameters are reported in this paper. A possible correlation between the severe meteorological activity with the solar geophysical phenomena was studied. The results are indicative of an interesting sequence of solar-terrestrial events. A tentative conclusion is reached, suggesting an origin of the fading from atmospheric gravity waves generated in the centre of activity of the depressions concerned.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annales geophysicae 14 (1997), S. 1051-1059 
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Solar diffuse radiation data including global radiation, shortwave and longwave balances, net radiation and sunshine hours have been extensively analyzed to study the variation of diffuse radiation with turbidity and cloud discharges appearing in the form of atmospherics over the tropics. Results of surface radiation measurements at Calcutta, Poona, Delhi and Madras are presented together with some meteorological parameters. The monthly values of diffuse radiation and the monthly ratios of diffuse to global solar radiation have been examined, with a special emphasis in relation to the noise level of atmospherics at Calcutta in the very low frequency band. The results exhibit some definite seasonal changes which appear to be in close agreement with one another.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A comparative study is made of the stepped structure of atmospherics during sunrise and sunset hours at three harmonically related frequencies in the VLF band, observed at the coast of the Bay of Bengal. The occurrences of the steps, their duration, time sequence and amplitudes are critically examined. Our analysis reveals that the start times of the third and second steps of the sunrise effect are always before ground sunrise, while the start of the main step is distributed on both sides of it. During sunset hours, the onset time of the main step is before the local ground sunset, but for the second and third steps, the onset times are after that. The results are interpreted by considering the multi-hop propagation as well as the distributed noise sources surrounding the observing site.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 75 (1999), S. 1431-1433 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have fabricated 15.4% and 12.4% efficient thin-film CuIn1−xGaxSe2 (CIGS)-based photovoltaic devices from solution-based electrodeposited (ED) and electroless-deposited (EL) precursors. As-deposited precursors are Cu-rich CIGS. Additional In, Ga, and Se are added to the ED and EL precursor films by physical vapor deposition (PVD) to adjust the final semiconductor film composition to CuIn1−xGaxSe2. The ED and EL device parameters are compared with those of a 17.7% PVD device. The tools used for comparison are current voltage, capacitance voltage, and spectral response characteristics. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 53 (1997), S. 209-212 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 32 (1983), S. 173-179 
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es werden Radarbeobachtungen von zwei in der Vor-Monsunzeit über West-Bengalen aufgetretenen Tornados und die an der tropischen Station Calcutta registrierte integrierte Feldstärke der Atmospherics (IFIA) bei 30 kHz analysiert. Die Registrierungen der IFIA zeigen eine auffallende Änderung im Niveau mit einem anfangs plötzlichen Anstieg und einem darauffolgenden deutlichen Abfall mit Wiederholungen dieser Art in beiden Fällen. Die Charakteristiken dieser Änderungen werden analysiert und besprochen. Die synoptischen Verhältnisse werden im Zusammenhang mit beiden Tornados kritisch untersucht. Die gewonnenen Ergebnisse werden aus der Kenntnis der elektrischen Aktivität erklärt.
    Notes: Summary Radar observations of two pre-monsoon tornadoes as experienced over the Gangetic West Bengal and the integrated field intensity of atmospherics (IFIA) at 30 kHz recorded over the tropical station, Calcutta, have been analysed. The records of IFIA exhibit a pronounced variation in the noise level showing first a sudden enhancement and then a distinct fall which is repetative in nature in both the cases. The characteristics of the variations are analysed and discussed. The synoptic situations in connection with both the tornadoes have also been critically studied. The results obtained are explained by considering the existing knowledge of electrical activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 36 (1980), S. 74-75 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The circadian rhythm of rat liverβ-glucuronidase has been studied in animals kept under highly standardized laboratory condition. A clear 24 h rhythm has been observed for this enzyme with a peak activity at 01.00 h and a trough at 13.00 h.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Probability theory and related fields 60 (1982), S. 185-201 
    ISSN: 1432-2064
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary Let X t∶t≧0 be an ergodic stationary Markov process on a state space S. If  is its infinitesimal generator on L 2(S, dm), where m is the invariant probability measure, then it is shown that for all f in the range of $$\hat A,n^{ - {1 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 2}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} 2}} \int\limits_0^{nt} {f(X_s ){\text{ }}ds{\text{ }}(t\underline{\underline 〉 } } 0)$$ converges in distribution to the Wiener measure with zero drift and variance parameter σ 2 =−2〈f, g〉=−2〈Âg, g〉 where g is some element in the domain of  such that Âg=f (Theorem 2.1). Positivity of σ 2 is proved for nonconstant f under fairly general conditions, and the range of  is shown to be dense in 1⊥. A functional law of the iterated logarithm is proved when the (2+δ)th moment of f in the range of  is finite for some δ〉0 (Theorem 2.7(a)). Under the additional condition of convergence in norm of the transition probability p(t, x, d y) to m(dy) as t → ∞, for each x, the above results hold when the process starts away from equilibrium (Theorems 2.6, 2.7 (b)). Applications to diffusions are discussed in some detail.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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