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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Sociological inquiry 66 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-682X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology
    Notes: This article focuses on one of the most critical features of elementary school students' social lives: their peer friendship groups. Within each grade, and separated by gender, a hierarchy of friendship groups is stratified according to the dimension of status and popularity. This ranges from the popular clique at the top, to the wannabes who hang around the popular people's periphery seeking access, to the individuals forming smaller middle-level friendship circles, to the social isolates at the bottom. Membership at each of these ranks carries with it a distinct experience in terms of power and domination, intra-group stratification, type of leadership, and friendship relations, leading to a further stratification by group into a hierarchy of identity. We conclude by examining the basis for preadolescents' identity formation, augmenting previous models of identity and social position that rely exclusively on status with the addition of interactional and relational factors. This structural-relational model bridges the structural and processual symbolic interactionist models of identity, linking them at a Simmelian level of analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
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    Chapel Hill, N.C. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Social Forces. 74:2 (1995:Dec.) 737 
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  • 3
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    Newbury Park, Calif. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Journal of contemporary ethnography. 24 (1995:Apr.-1996:Jan.) 1:3 
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  • 4
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    Newbury Park, Calif. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Journal of contemporary ethnography. 24 (1995:Apr.-1996:Jan.) 2:229 
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Qualitative sociology 19 (1996), S. 35-58 
    ISSN: 1573-7837
    Keywords: ethnography ; children ; parent
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology
    Notes: Abstract Several roles for conducting ethnographic research with children have been discussed, but one that has been omitted is the parent-as-researcher. In this paper, we describe some of the methodological advantages and disadvantages of the longitudinal ethnography of preadolescent children we conducted in our community using this methodological approach. We discuss the implications of our role lodging in this complete membership stance and the type of role relations, role identification, and role bifurcation that arose from this combined research/membership approach. We conclude by addressing the ethical issues associated with researching the community of one's own children.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 4019-4026 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We present experimental results concerning optical transitions and carrier dynamics (capture and relaxation) in self assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dot structures grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements at high excitation level reveal optical transitions above the ground state emission. These transitions are found to originate from occupied hole states by solving the quantum dot eigenvalue problem. Time-resolved studies after non-resonant pulse excitation exhibit a relaxation ladder of the excited carriers from the GaAs barrier down to the ground state of the quantum dots. From both the continuous-wave measurements and the PL-decay curves we conclude that the carrier relaxation at non-resonant excitation is mediated by Coulomb interaction (Auger effect). PL-decay curves after resonant pulse excitation reveal a longer rise time compared to non-resonant excitation which is a clear indication of a relaxation bottleneck inside the quantum dots. We interpret the rise time (≈ 400 ps) in this case to originate from relaxation via scattering by acoustic phonons. The PL-decay time of the ground state emission ≈700 ps is interpreted as the excitonic lifetime of the quantum dot. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 7895-7899 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Carrier relaxation in self-assembled quantum dots due to Coulomb interaction with two dimensional (2D) carriers is studied theoretically. Auger coefficients for carrier relaxation rates are calculated in the dipole approximation for Coulomb interaction. The dipole approximation allows one to derive selection rules for Auger relaxation in a cylindrical quantum dot, and to describe a general picture of Auger relaxation via energy levels in self-assembled quantum dots. A numerical example for InAs/GaAs self-assembled quantum dots demonstrates that the Auger effect may lead to relaxation times in the order of 1–10 ps at 2D carrier densities of 1011–1012 cm−2. This result demonstrates the possibility of fast carrier relaxation in quantum dots if the carrier density in the surrounding barrier is sufficiently high. Analytical formulas for Auger coefficients are derived for moderate temperatures of the 2D carriers. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Inhibitory gating of response to repeated stimuli is demonstrated by several event-related potentials, including the auditory P50 wave. The present study examined the effects of variation in sound intensity on this phenomenon in schizophrenics and normal subjects. Paired clicks, 500 ms apart, were presented 50 dB above threshold to 10 normal subjects and 10 schizophrenics. The normal subjects demonstrated significantly more decrement of response to the second stimulus than did the schizophrenics. When the sounds were noticeably louder(70 dB above threshold), no such difference was observed. Rather, both groups had similarly diminished gating of response. A significant difference between schizophrenics and normal subjects was also observed when the sounds were 30 dB above threshold, but the difference was smaller than that at 50 dB. At any stimulus intensity, concomitant eye movements led to loss of gating of P50 in the normal subjects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 635-635 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The Zeff profiles from the tangential array of visible bremsstrahlung (VB) emission (5235 A(ring)) have shown several interesting features in TFTR. The observed Zeff profile was flat during the ohmic phase and hollow during the neutral-beam heating phase. In order to crosscheck the measured Zeff profiles from the VB array, a poloidal array which measures bremsstrahlung emission in the soft x-ray region has been analyzed. The analysis of array measurements in the two different spectral regions was performed on the same geometry determined from the Abel inversion of the electron density (interferometry). The two independent measurements of Zeff profiles have been consistent with each other for most of the discharges in TFTR. However, in a discharge where the two measurements are inconsistent, the Zeff profile deduced from the VB array indicates some degree of problems. In this paper, the detailed analysis of the bremsstrahlung array (both poloidal and tangential) measurements is presented. Particularly, the effects of geometry in the inversion process, such as a poloidal elongation of flux surfaces, are investigated. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Fiber-based diagnostic systems suffer from induced luminescence and transmission losses due to neutron and γ radiation from high-power D-D and D-T discharges. Whereas the luminescence follows the neutron rate, the transmission loss increases monotonically during a shot and decays slowly after the discharge. To study these effects we are using dedicated fiber coils (increasing the exposed length) which are positioned close to the discharge vessel (increasing the neutron flux) and close to neutron detectors. The fibers studied are typical for diagnostics on TFTR. One fiber is of the same type used for the JET/TFTR heated fiber study. We measure spectrally selected luminescence and transmission with a light emitting diode based, modulated three-phase exciter system. We have measured substantial transmission losses during D-T shots which reduce the test signals and the radioluminescence. The transmission losses recover only partially; we will show first long-term measurements of the loss recovery. A simple model is presented which allows the derivation of values for luminescence source strength per length unit and neutron flux even if the luminescence is reduced by the induced transmission loss. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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