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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 25 (1953), S. 734-736 
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 11 (1999), S. 958-970 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In this paper we re-examine the problem of applying a thin layer of a power-law fluid to a solid substrate by means of a simple blade coater. Specifically we use lubrication theory to examine steady plane flow of a power-law fluid in the narrow nonuniform channel formed between a fixed blade of prescribed shape and a plane substrate moving parallel to itself. The first-order asymptotic solution for the case of a weakly non-Newtonian fluid is presented. An explicit expression is obtained for the first-order pressure gradient from which the first-order contributions to several important physical quantities including the thickness of the applied fluid layer and the forces on the blade are calculated for both plane and exponentially shaped blades. In particular, we find that, depending on the shape and height ratio of the coater, the effect of weakly non-Newtonian behavior can be either to increase or to decrease both the pressure and the load from their Newtonian values. We also re-examine the approximate solutions of Hwang [Trans. ASME J. Fluids Eng. 104, 469 (1982)] and Dien and Elrod [Trans. ASME J. Lubrication Technol. 105, 385 (1983)] and make a detailed comparison between their predictions and those of the exact solution in the weakly non-Newtonian limit. We find that in this limit the Dien and Elrod approximation is usually in significantly better agreement with the exact solution than Hwang's approximation. In the Appendix we re-examine the Dien and Elrod approximate solution for the flow of a generalized Newtonian fluid. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1520-6025
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 104 (1996), S. 6117-6129 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Rydberg excited states of the CS2 molecule in the energy range 56 000–81 000 cm−1 have been further investigated via the two and three photon resonance enhancements they provide in the mass resolved multiphoton ionization (MPI) spectrum of a jet-cooled sample of the parent molecule. Spectral interpretation has been aided by parallel measurements of the kinetic energies of the photoelectrons that accompany the various MPI resonances. Thus we have been able to extend, and clarify, previous analyses of the tangled spin–orbit split vibronic structure associated with the 3Πu and 1Πu states derived from the configuration [2Πg]4pσu and the 3Δu, 1Δu, and 1Σ+u states resulting from the configuration [2Πg]4pπu, and to deduce an approximate wave number for the origin of the hitherto unidentified 3Σ+u state derived from this same configuration. Moving to higher energies we are able to locate, unambiguously, the origins of the next (n=5) members of four of these [2Πg]np Rydberg series, and to identify extensive series based on the presumed Rydberg configurations [2Πg]nsσg and [2Πg]nfλu with, in both cases, n≤10. We also identify MPI resonances attributable to CS(a 3Π) fragments, to ground state C atoms, and to S atoms in both their ground (3P) and excited (1S) electronic states. Analysis of the former resonances indicates that the CS(a 3Π) fragments resulting from two photon dissociation of CS2 at excitation wavelengths around 300 nm are formed with substantial rovibrational excitation. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 105 (1996), S. 2141-2152 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Rydberg excited states of the OCS molecule in the energy range 70500–86000 cm−1 have been investigated via the two and three photon resonance enhancements they provide in the mass resolved multiphoton ionization (MPI) spectrum of a jet-cooled sample of the parent molecule. Spectral interpretation has been assisted by companion measurements of the kinetic energies of the photoelectrons that accompany the various MPI resonances. The present study supports the earlier conclusions of Weinkauf and Boesl [J. Chem. Phys. 98, 4459 (1993)] regarding five Rydberg origins in the 70500–73000 cm−1 energy range, attributable to, respectively, states of 3Π, 1Π, 3Δ, 1Δ and 1Σ+ symmetry arising from the 4pλ←3π orbital promotion. We also identify a further 21 Rydberg origins at higher energies. These partition into clumps with quantum defects ca. 3.5 and 4.5, which we associate with the orbital promotions npλ←3π (n=5,6), and others with near integer quantum defect which are interpretable in terms of excitation to s,d and (possibly) f Rydberg orbitals. We also identify MPI resonances attributable to CO(X 1Σ+) fragments and to S atoms in both their ground (3P) and excited (1D) electronic states. Analysis of the former resonances confirms that the CO(X) fragments resulting from one photon dissociation of OCS at excitation wavelengths ca. 230 nm are formed with a highly inverted, bimodal rotational state population distribution, whilst the latter are consistent with previous reports of the wavelength dependence for forming ground and excited state S atoms in the near uv photolysis of OCS. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry 45 (1953), S. 2666-2668 
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 30 (1999), S. 133-165 
    ISSN: 0066-4162
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Declines and losses of amphibian populations are a global problem with complex local causes. These may include ultraviolet radiation, predation, habitat modification, environmental acidity and toxicants, diseases, changes in climate or weather patterns, and interactions among these factors. Understanding the extent of the problem and its nature requires an understanding of how local factors affect the dynamics of local populations. Hypotheses about population behavior must be tested against appropriate null hypotheses. We generated null hypotheses for the behavior of amphibian populations using a model, and we used them to test hypotheses about the behavior of 85 time series taken from the literature. Our results suggest that most amphibian populations should decrease more often than they increase, due to highly variable recruitment and less variable adult mortality. During the period covered by our data (1951-1997), more amphibian populations decreased than our model predicted. However, there was no indication that the proportion of populations decreasing changed over time. In addition, our review of the literature suggests that many if not most amphibians exist in metapopulations. Understanding the dynamics of amphibian populations will require an integration of studies on and within local populations and at the metapopulation level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Political Science 1 (1998), S. 47-73 
    ISSN: 1094-2939
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Political Science
    Notes: Abstract This review evaluates the most recent studies of social capital in political science and argues that they have strayed considerably from the original treatment of social capital, which casts it as endogenous. Recent treatments have recast social capital as a feature of political culture and thereby treat values as exogenous. These two approaches emanate from incompatible premises and have fundamentally different implications. Thus, efforts to combine the two approaches are rendered unproductive by inevitable inconsistencies of internal logic. Moreover, empirical tests of the exogenous social capital approach are deficient: They are selective in their use of data and employ ad hoc procedures at crucial junctures. We therefore urge a return to the treatment of social capital as endogenous.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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