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  • 1995-1999  (13)
  • 1920-1924  (1)
  • 1910-1914  (1)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Mutations in the basement membrane collagen gene COL4A5 cause the progressive renal glomerular nephropathy and typical hearing loss that occur in X-linked Alport syndrome. Nearly all cases involve distinct mutations, as expected for an X-linked disease that significantly reduces the fitness of affected males. A few exceptional COL4A5 mutations appear to be associated with a reduced disease severity and may account for a significant proportion of late-onset Alport syndrome in populations where a founder effect has occurred. The novel mutation reported here, COL4A5 arg1677gln, has been detected in three independently ascertained Ashkenazi-American families, causes a relatively mild form of nephritis with typical onset in the fourth or fifth decade, and may be involved in the etiology of a large proportion of adult-onset hereditary nephritis in Ashkenazi Jews.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 104 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective To examine how maternal diet in pregnancy and parental body size and birthweight influence an infant's thinness at birth measured by a low ponderal index.Design An observational study of newborn infants and their parents.Setting Southampton, England.Population Five hundred and thirty-eight infants born at term.Main outcome measure Ponderal index at birth.Results Women who had a high intake of carbohydrate in early pregnancy and a low intake of dairy protein in late pregnancy tended to have infants that were thin at birth (P= 0.01 and P= 0.03, respectively, in a simultaneous analysis). Women who themselves had a low birthweight also tended to have thin infants, ponderal index falling from 28.3 kg/m3 to 26.2 kg/m3 as the women's birthweights decreased from more than 4.0 kg to 2.5 kg or less (P 〈 0.0001). Tall fathers had thin infants, but ponderal index was not related to the women's heights or the fathers’ birthweights.Conclusion These associations may reflect constraints on placental development imposed by a woman's nutrition in pregnancy and during her own intrauterine life. Effects of the father's height may be mediated through genetic influences on skeletal growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 103 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective To determine how diet of the mother in pregnancy influences the blood pressure of the offspring in adult life.Design A follow up study of men and women born during 1948–1954 whose mothers had taken part in a survey of diet in late pregnancy.Setting Aberdeen, Scotland.Population Two hundred and fifty-three men and women born in Aberdeen Maternity Hospital.Main outcome measure Systolic and diastolic blood pressure.Results The relations between the diet of mothers and their offsprings' blood pressure were complex. When the mothers' intake of animal protein was less than 50 g daily, a higher carbohydrate intake was associated with a higher blood pressure in the offspring (a 100 g increase in carbohydrate being associated with a 3 mmHg increase in systolic pressure (P= 0.02)). At daily animal protein intakes above 50 g, lower Carbohydrate intake was associated with higher blood pressure (a 100 g decrease in carbohydrate being associated with an 11 mmHg rise in systolic blood pressure (P= 0.004)). These increases in blood pressure were associated with decreased placental size.Conclusion Mothers' intakes of animal protein and carbohydrate in late pregnancy may influence their offsprings' adult blood pressure. This may be mediated through effects on placental growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 104 (1920), S. 532-532 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A FEW years ago, with a view to the observation of close objects out of doors, I procured some glass adapter lenses for use on the object glass of the half of a prism binocular (× 12) which I carried about with me. Finding, however, that this method involved the use of several glass adapters, ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Grass and forage science 52 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Appropriate pre-sowing methods for the introduction of improved forage legume and grass germplasm are an important issue for hill pasture improvement in New Zealand. A pastoral fallow, which involves not defoliating pasture for a period generally from late spring/early summer to autumn, could create a potentially favourable environment for introducing improved germplasm. A field study was conducted on two aspects (shady and sunny) of moist, low-fertility hill country with or without added fertilizer (phosphorus and sulphur) in the southern North Island of New Zealand, to investigate the changes in plant population density and sward structure during a full or partial pastoral fallow, compared with a rotationally grazed pasture. A 7-month (October to May) pastoral fallow dramatically decreased the densities of grass tillers by 72% (P 〈 0·01), white clover (Trifolium repens L.) growing points by 87% (P 〈 0·01) and other species by 87% (P 〈 0·05). The decline in tiller density by pastoral fallow was enhanced on the shady aspect. Fertilizer application increased white clover growing-point density on the shady aspect (P 〈 0·05) and grass tiller density on the sunny aspect (P 〈 0·05). Decreased plant density during pastoral fallowing was attributed to aboveground biomass accumulation, which altered sward structure, leading to interplant competition and mortality by self-thinning and completion of the life cycle of some matured plants. The plant size-density relationship during pastoral fallowing in this mixed-species sward followed the serf-thinning rule, particularly when the calculation was based on all plant species rather than grass alone. There was no significant (P 〉 0·05) difference in final plant population density between the 7-month pastoral fallow and a shorter term (October to December) pastoral fallow. It is concluded that pastoral fallowing effectively reduced the plant population density and altered sward structure of a hill pasture. Such changes create a more favourable environment for the introduction of improved forage species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd, UK
    Plant, cell & environment 21 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The evergreen species Yucca glauca was characterized at the end of September and following exposure to low temperatures at the end of November. In November the diurnal pattern of xanthophyll cycle-dependent energy dissipation was altered such that this thermal dissipation process was engaged at a high level throughout the day, whereas in September it only became engaged when leaves received direct sunlight. An analysis of the diurnal partitioning of the absorbed excitation energy into photochemistry versus thermal dissipation suggested that a smaller fraction of that energy was utilized in photochemistry and a greater fraction was dissipated thermally at the end of November compared to September. Lower ratios of Chl a/b and β-carotene/xanthophylls both suggested a decrease in the ratio of reaction centre plus core antenna proteins compared to light-harvesting proteins, and a lower leaf chlorophyll content suggested a decrease in light-harvesting capacity in November versus September. Thus adjustments to the photosynthetic apparatus occurred on several levels in response to the increase in excess excitation energy that Y. glauca experienced during the onset of winter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Leaves of Stephania japonica and Smilax australis were characterized in situ on the coast of north-eastern New South Wales, Australia, where they were growing naturally in three different light environments: deep shade, in the understory of an open Eucalyptus forest where they received frequent sunflecks of high intensity, and in an exposed site receiving full sunlight. In deep shade the xanthophyll cycle remained epoxidized during the day and the vast majority of absorbed light was utilized for photosynthesis. In the exposed site both deepoxidation and epoxidation of the xanthophyll cycle and changes in the level of xanthophyll-dependent thermal energy dissipation largely tracked the diurnal changes in photon flux density (PFD). In the understory the xanthophyll cycle became largely deepoxidized to zeaxanthin and antheraxanthin upon exposure of the leaves to the first high intensity sunfleck and this high level of deepoxidation was maintained throughout the day both during and between subsequent sunflecks. In contrast, thermal energy dissipation activity, and the efficiency of photosystem II, fluctuated rapidly in response to the changes in incident PFD. These findings suggest a fine level of control over the engagement of zeaxanthin and antheraxanthin in energy dissipation activity, presumably through rapid changes in thylakoid acidification, such that they became rapidly engaged for photoprotection during the sunflecks and rapidly disengaged upon return to low light when continued engagement might limit carbon gain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 20 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Leaves of the CAM plant Cotyledon orbiculata produced a dense epidermal wax which decreased the absorption of light, possibly functioning as an external photoprotective mechanism (Robinson et al. 1993). However, developing leaves did not accumulate wax until after 21 d with full wax coating not achieved until at least 35 d. In addition, young leaves had lower rates of electron transport than mature leaves. Leaf development therefore occurs at higher incident PFD than that experienced by the mature leaves, and, for young leaves, can lead to an increase in the proportion of light energy which is excess to requirements and must be dissipated non-photochemically. Changes in the photosynthetic capacity, PSII efficiency, rate of energy dissipation, and the content of chlorophyll (Chi), carotenoids, wax and anthocyanins were followed in developing leaves of C. orbiculata in an attempt to elucidate the relative importance of the various photoprotective mechanisms during leaf ontogeny. The largest pools of xanthophyll cycle pigments (on a Chi basis) were found in the waxless, young leaves and were correlated with greater levels of energy dissipation activity. The importance of xanthophyll cycle-dependent energy dissipation in young C. orbiculata leaves prior to development of a reflective wax covering, and full photosynthetic capacity which for CAM plants includes appreciable nocturnal acid accumulation, is discussed. Also, we consider the possibility that anthocyanin pigments in the upper and lower epidermis may increase reflectivity and act as external photoprotectants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The influence of the growth photon flux density (PFD) on the size and composition of the carotenoid pool and the size of the reduced ascorbate pool was determined across a light gradient from the forest floor to the canopy and the forest edge of a sub-tropical rainforest in New South Wales, Australia. Nineteen plant species (most collected from multiple sites) representing a broad taxonomic range consistently possessed larger total carotenoid pools when found growing in more exposed sites. There was a significant positive correlation between β-carotene content and growth PFD and a significant negative correlation between α-carotene content and growth PFD. Neoxanthin content exhibited no significant trend while the trend in lutein content varied with mode of expression. The pigments of the xanthophyll cycle (violaxanthin, antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin) exhibited the most pronounced response to growth PFD; they comprised a much greater portion of the total carotenoid pool in high light-acclimated plants. The pool of reduced ascorbate was also several-fold greater in high light-acclimated plants. These acclimatory changes in carotenoid and ascorbate content are consistent with a need for a greater capacity to dissipate excessive absorbed light energy in high light-acclimated plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 84 (1910), S. 363-363 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] AN article in NATURE for August 18 deals aptly with the question of testing for colour-vision. It is to be hoped that the committee at present inquiring into the matter will advocate that testing should be carried out in future in conditions resembling as nearly as possible those on which ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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