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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 66 (1996), S. 179-196 
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Innovation impact ; nonparametric estimation ; efficiency analysis ; data envelopment analysis ; production frontier ; cost-effectiveness
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract Evaluating the separate impacts of factors which affect the productive efficiency of organizations is difficult. This is because the impact of a factor is often contingent on other organizational, managerial or environmental characteristics. Standard econometric methods are limited in their ability to discriminate between efficient and inefficient units, and often impose considerable structure in parametrically specified functional forms. We show how a nonparametric data envelopment approach can be employed to focus on the best that can be achieved, with and without the key characteristic of interest. We illustrate the approach with real data from the service sector requiring the evaluation of the impact of a new information technology. The analytical technique estimates the annual savings in materials cost for an average store using the information technology to be over $4,000 (2.04% of materials cost), well in excess of the amortized annual cost for its installation. Establishing the separation in the production frontier in different regions, we show that the information technology had a substantially larger impact for the bigger stores. The savings were about 80% greater in the larger volume stores than in the smaller volume operations, an important consideration in setting the priorities for installation. The illustration underscores the flexibility of DEA in detecting different impacts of a new technology in different environments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 66 (1996), S. 231-253 
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Efficiency ; returns to scale ; collinearity ; misspecification ; DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) ; COLS (Corrected Ordinary Least Squares)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract Using statistically designed experiments, 12,500 observations are generated from a “4-pieced Cobb-Douglas function” exhibiting increasing and decreasing returns to scale in its different pieces. Performances of DEA and frontier regressions represented by COLS (Corrected Ordinary Least Squares) are compared at sample sizes ofn=50, 100, 150 and 200. Statistical consistency is exhibited, with performances improving as sample sizes increase. Both DEA and COLS generally give good results at all sample sizes. In evaluating efficiency, DEA generally shows superior performance, with BCC models being best (except at “corner points”), followed by the CCR model and then by COLS, with log-linear regressions performing better than their translog counterparts at almost all sample sizes. Because of the need to consider locally varying behavior, only the CCR and translog models are used for returns to scale, with CCR being the better performer. An additional set of 7,500 observations were generated under conditions that made it possible to compare efficiency evaluations in the presence of collinearity and with model misspecification in the form of added and omitted variables. Results were similar to the larger experiment: the BCC model is the best performer. However, COLS exhibited surprisingly good performances — which suggests that COLS may have previously unidentified robustness properties — while the CCR model is the poorest performer when one of the variables used to generate the observations is omitted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of productivity analysis 7 (1996), S. 139-159 
    ISSN: 1573-0441
    Keywords: Data envelopment analysis ; hypothesis tests ; production frontier estimation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract A substantial body of recent work has opened the way to exploring the statistical properties of DEA estimators of production frontiers and related efficiency measures. The purpose of this paper is to survey several possibilities that have been pursued, and to present them in a unified framework. These include the development of statistics to test hypotheses about the characteristics of the production frontier, such as returns to scale, input substitutability, and model specification, and also about variation in efficiencies relative to the production frontier.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Public choice 91 (1997), S. 301-331 
    ISSN: 1573-7101
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents empirical evidence about the impact on shareholder wealth of legislative events leading to the enactment of the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978. In contrast to prior regulatory event studies, this paper examines not only the final legislative enactment but also the Congressional hearings that preceded it. No significant effect on shareholder wealth is indicated when averaged across all airline firms and all legislative events. Impact of deregulation, however, was expected to be different for trunk airlines than for local airlines. Moreover, market expectations likely changed with the change in the political climate during the course of deregulation deliberations, from an industry financial health emphasis under a Republican (Ford) administration to a consumer welfare emphasis under a Democratic (Carter) administration. We find that trunk airlines experienced significant positive abnormal returns during the Ford administration, but negative abnormal returns during the Carter administration. In contrast, local airlines exhibited significant negative abnormal returns during both the Ford and Carter eras. Systematic risk of both trunk and local airlines also increased with the change in the political climate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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