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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Beta cells ; chemokine ; phospholipase-D ; DDRT-PCR ; interleukin-1 ; monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 ; adenine nucleotide translocator ; CINC-1 ; CINC-3.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aims/hypothesis. Interleukin-1β is a putative mediator of pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction and damage in Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. To better understand the molecular mechanisms involved in IL-1β effects, we carried out a differential display of mRNA by RT-PCR to identify novel cytokine-regulated genes. Methods. Fluorescence activated cell sorting-purified rat pancreatic beta-cells were exposed for 6 or 24 h to IL-1β. Differentially expressed cDNA bands were cloned and then identified by comparing their sequences with data from the GenBank. Differential gene expression was confirmed by RT-PCR using specific primers. Results. Interleukin-1β increased the expression of adenine nucleotide translocator-1, phospholipase D-1 and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1 and decreased expression of the protein tyrosine phosphatase-like protein IA-2. Interleukin-1β-induced differential expression of these genes in beta cells was confirmed by RT-PCR. In additional studies, IL-1β was shown to induce chemokines other than cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1, including cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-3 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1. Conclusion/interpretation. Our observations indicate that IL-1β modifies the expression of several genes in pancreatic beta cells. These genes may affect both function, viability and beta-cell recognition by the immune system. Functional characterization of the mRNAs which have been identified could facilitate a better understanding of the mechanisms leading to beta-cell destruction in Type I diabetes. [Diabetologia (1999) 42: 1199–1203]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 20 (1995), S. 368-370 
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Bladder, abnormalities ; Ureter, calculi ; Ureter, stenosis or obstruction ; Urography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background Interureteric ridge edema may be seen at intravenous urography (IVU) and is related to acute lower ureteral obstruction, trauma, or calculi. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between interureteric ridge edema and acute distal ureteral obstruction caused by ureteral calculi. Methods A total of 338 patients who had IVU for various indications during a 6-month period were reviewed for the presence of interureteric ridge edema. Results Interureteric ridge edema was seen in 12 (4%) of 338 patients, all with acute lower ureteral obstruction from stones. Interureteric ridge edema was best demonstrated with the partially filled bladder film or postvoid bladder film in all cases. Conclusion Interureteric ridge edema is most commonly caused by stone-induced distal ureteral obstruction and is less commonly seen with recent passage of a stone or other etiologies. Interureteric ridge edema was present in 26% of patients with acute lower ureteral obstruction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Keywords: Mycobacteria · ; Infectious diseases · ; Immune reactions · ; Cutaneous testing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Some 840 bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-vaccinated healthy controls and tuberculosis patients from two Chinese hospitals were submitted to comparative skin tests with purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD; as reference) and with the antigen complex A60 from Mycobacterium bovis BCG. In a first trial, including 581 persons (185 healthy juveniles, 180 healthy adults and 216 tuberculosis patients), a limited dose of A60 (1μg) was used. Performance of the A60 test was similar to that of 5 I.U. PPD for controls (cut-off values=5 mm induration diameter), but lower than that seen for tuberculosis patients (10 mm cut-off values). A second survey was conducted on 259 persons (109 recently revaccinated healthy persons, considered as tuberculin-negative in the first trial, and 150 tuberculosis patients), using a higher dose of A60 (2 μg) and the same dose of PPD (5 I.U.). Similar results were obtained with the two tests in all cases, thus supporting the possibility of PPD replacement by A60 in cutaneous testing. The pattern of induration diameter distribution in healthy subjects who took part in the first testing round (64% positively rate) was displaced to the inactivity side (with a peak at 5 to 9-mm diameter), in comparison with the second round (90% positivity rate and peak at 10–14 mm). This indicates a progressive fading of cellular immunity reactions after BCG vaccination. In tuberculosis patients, no correlation was found among the following three parameters: positivity at cutaneous testing (with PPD or A60), titer of anti-A60 mycobacterial immunoglobulins in blood (IgG titer higher than cut-off line) and presence of mycobacteria in sputum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 39 (1998), S. 329-344 
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: In this paper we consider the second law of thermodynamics for a dissipative system and its symmetry property in terms of contact geometry. We first show that the inaccessibility condition of Caratheodory and the assumption of semipositive definite property of the dissipative energy are equivalent to Clausius' inequality. The inaccessibility condition then gives rise to a generalized Gibbs relation (GGR). By means of the GGR a 1-form ω can be defined such that the zero of ω reproduces the GGR. Such 1-form ω has the property ω∧(dω)n≠0 and ω∧(dω)n+1=0. The integral surface of the GGR is an n-dimensional 1-graph space G (Legendre submanifold) of a 1-jet space J1(En,R), where En is the base space of J1(En,R) with thermodynamic variables as its coordinates. The (2n+1)-dimensional J1(En,R) equipped with the 1-form ω is also called a contact bundle K, where the intensive thermodynamic variables are considered as the contact elements to K at every x. Next we construct an isovector field Xf such that the inaccessibility condition is invariant under the contact transformations generated by Xf. Finally, suppose under some specific assumptions the dynamical equations of the thermodynamic variables x can be approximated by the flow equations of a vector field XG on G. We can lift XG to Xf such that the 1-graph space G as well as the inaccessibility condition are preserved under the contact transformations generated by Xf. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 38 (1997), S. 5153-5166 
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: In this paper we consider dissipative fluxes as well as the conserved variables as a set of independent variables characterizing the thermodynamic state of a nonequilibrium system. We then generalize the traditional internal energy balance equation so that contributions due to the dissipative fluxes are taken into consideration. On the other hand, the second law is formulated in terms of Caratheodory's inaccessibility condition in conjunction with the assumption that dissipative energy associated with internal work arising from irreversible processes be semipositive definite. We show that the second law formulated in this manner is equivalent to Kelvin's principle and Clausius's principle, as well as Clausius's inequality. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 11 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: The Lower Old Red Sandstones in northern Strathmore have favourable hydrogeological conditions for ground-water development. A scheme was proposed to abstract water in the north Esk catchment in order to augment water supplies to local villages, and a production borehole was drilled into the Edzell Sandstones to give a design yield of 2420 m3/d. However, this scheme has been abandoned because of concern that the abstraction would significantly reduce the flow in a nearby stream which is an important salmonid fishery.This study demonstrates the potential value of using a stream-aquifer numerical model in an environmental risk assessment for the proposed scheme.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 60 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Barley (Steptoe, Crystal and/or Waxbar) was dry milled and fractionated by small scale air classifiers and batch or continuous feed sifters to produce β-glucan-rich fractions. Sieving of barley (all cultivars) yielded lines fractions containing 88–90% starch and a final coarse enriched fraction containing 40–45% total dietary fiber including 16–19%β-glucans and up to 82 μg/g total tocols. The enriched fraction was 20–25% (by wt) of the dehulled barley. The highest β-glucan content by air classification was 9% due to ineffective separation of fines (particles 〈45 μm). Dry fractionation of barley produced a value added enriched product enhanced in factors (ie. tocols, dietary fiber, β-glucans) which slow oxidation, lower cholesterol, moderate glycemic response and which provide unique functional properties in food systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The ability to determine the distance migrated by an oil from source rock to reservoir could greatly assist in the identification of new, economically viable accumulations of petroleum. Non-alkylated benzocarbazoles, which are present in trace quantities in oils, exhibit changes in both ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 109 (1998), S. 6854-6860 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We report extensive density functional theory calculations, using pseudopotentials with a plane-wave basis, for the properties of the (010) face of molybdenum trioxide (α-MoO3). The surface is modeled by a one-layer slab. Calculated bond lengths compare favorably with experimental measurements. The bonding of the different oxygen species to molybdenum is analyzed using the crystal orbital overlap population. This analysis indicates that the bonding is a combination of ionic and covalent character for all oxygen species. The terminal oxygen exhibits covalent bonding to Mo which is stronger than either of the two bridging oxygens. We also study the adsorption of hydrogen on this surface. Hydrogen is most strongly adsorbed over the terminal oxygen, followed by the asymmetric bridging oxygen, and then the symmetric bridging oxygen. This trend is explained in terms of simple chemical concepts. The inclusion of full surface relaxation is important for even a qualitative description of adsorbate bonding. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 4787-4789 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Two-color photoconductive detectors in the 3–5 μm wavelength range using multilayer undoped n-type Hg1−xCdxTe heterostructures have been demonstrated at room temperature. These heterostructures, consisting of three or four Hg1−xCdxTe layers separated with CdTe layers, were grown by the metal-organic chemical-vapor-deposition (MOCVD) technique. The quality of MOCVD films was verified by near-theoretical values of the minority-carrier lifetime at 300 K, ranging from 0.8 to 4.7 μs depending on the x value. The Hg1−xCdxTe layers are either detectors or filters, and the CdTe layers serve as insulating separators. The concept of using the exponential absorption tails of two Hg1−xCdxTe layers with different band gaps to form an absorption band was verified by the difference in the photoconductive spectral responses between backside and frontside illumination. Two different multilayer heterostructures with two-color peaks at 3.2/3.8 μm and 3.7/4.6 μm, respectively, were studied. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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