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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study of the antiulcer mechanisms of propanolol in rats (1996)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 45 (1996), S. 370-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Propranolol ; Gastric damage ; Ethanol ; Indomethacin ; Stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Although propranolol has been shown to protect against enthanol and stress ulceration, the antiulcer mechanisms are still unclear. The present study examined the antiulcer mechanisms of propranolol in three different types of ulceration induced respectively by ethanol (60%), indomethacin (30 mg/kg) and stress (cold-restraint). Propranolol pretreatment in the highest dose (10 mg/kg) given either intraperitoneally (i.p.) or orally (p.o.) prevented gastric mucosal damage in these three ulcer models. The three doses of the drug (2.5, 5 or 10 mg/kg) dose-dependently decreased systemic blood pressure which was accompanied by a reduction of gastric mucosal blood flow. These findings suggest that the protection was unrelated to an improvement of local circulation in the stomach. However, propranolol preserved the mucus levels in the three types of ulcer models. The β-adrenoceptor blocker also increased the basal gastric mucosal potential difference. These findings indicate that propranolol strengthens the mucosal barrier by the preservation of mucosal mucus and enhancement of the mucosal integrity in the stomach.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02252930
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of non-protein sulfhydryl compounds in gastric adaptive cytoprotection against ethanol-induced mucosal damage in rats (1995)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 44 (1995), S. 242-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Adaptive cytoprotection ; Lesions ; Nonprotein sulfhydryl compounds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The contribution of the endogenous nonprotein sulfhydryl compounds (SH) in gastric adaptive cytoprotection was investigated in rats. N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) treatment significantly reduced mucosal SH level, and aggravated the mucosal injury induced by absolute ethanol. Oral administration of the mild irritants, 20% ethanol, 5% NaCl or 0.3 M HCl, significantly increased the basal mucosal SH level. These agents also showed a cytoprotective action against the necrotizing effect of absolute ethanol. Administration of NEM did not alleviate this cytoprotective potential, although it abolished the increased SH level evoked by these mild irritants. Thus, it is concluded that modulation of endogenous SH by mild irritants perhaps only plays a minor role in the gastric adaptive cytoprotection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01782975
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Co-regulation of mucosal nitric oxide and prostaglandin in gastric adaptive cytoprotection (1999)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 48 (1999), S. 471-478 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Key words: Nitric oxide — Prostaglandins — Adaptive cytoprotection — Ethanol — Gastric defense — Mucosa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Objective: The correlation between mucosal generation of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in gastric adaptive cytoprotection was investigated.¶Materials and Treatment: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with either Nw-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 12.5mg/kg i.v.) or indomethacin (5mg/kg s.c.). Following that, mild irritant 20% ethanol was administered, 15min prior to 100% ethanol challenge.¶Methods: Macroscopic gastric mucosal damage, NO synthase activity, mucosal PGE2 and leukotriene C4 (LTC4) levels were measured.¶Results: Administration of L-NAME and indomethacin significantly reduced the protective action of 20% ethanol against 100% ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage. Besides, mucosal activity of constitutive NO (cNO) synthase, but not of the inducible isozyme (iNO synthase), was elevated following 20% ethanol treatment. This was accompanied by a reduction in mucosal leukotriene C4 level. Indomethacin significantly inhibited mucosal PGE2 biosynthesis but increased cNO synthase activity. Nevertheless, L-NAME reduced both cNO and iNO formation and prevented the increase in cNO formation caused by 20% ethanol, while enhancing mucosal PGE2 production. Combined L-NAME and indomethacin treatment markedly potentiated ethanol-induced mucosal damage, and completely prevented the increase in cNO or PGE2 biosynthesis when either compound was given alone.¶Conclusions: These findings suggest a co-regulatory relationship between mucosal NO and PG in the gastric defense system, which will be released after activation by the mild irritants to induce cytoprotection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000110050489
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The importance of gastric emptying and mucosal folds in the adaptive cytoprotection of mild irritants in rats (1995)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 44 (1995), S. 518-522 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Mild irritants ; Ethanol ; Gastric lesions ; Gastric emptying rate ; Mucosal folds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study examines the involvement of gastric emptying and mucosal folds in the adaptive cytoprotection of different mild irritants against 100% ethanolinduced gastric mucosal damage. Pre-exposure to either 20% ethanol, 5% NaCl or 0.3M HCl significantly reduced the gastric mucosal damage caused by 100% ethanol in rats. Administration of either one of the three mild irritants increased the basal gastric residual volume and decreased the area occupied by gastric mucosal folds, but only 20% ethanol reduced the gastric emptying rate. Indomethacin (5 mg/kg, s.c.) pretreatment did not affect ethanol ulceration and gastric emptying rate when given by itself, but reversed the flattening of mucosal folds produced by the three mild irritants, and abolished the protective effect of 20% ethanol. These results suggest that the gastric adaptive cytoprotection induced by the three mild irritants acts through luminal dilution of the noxious agent, possibly caused by gastric retention. The reduction of mucosal folds could also contribute to the anti-lesion action of 20% ethanol. It is therefore suggested that the protective actions of the three mild irritants act through different mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01757355
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular-level description of temperature and pressure effects on the viscosity of water (1999)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 111 (1999), S. 10171-10176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The steep non-Arrhenius temperature dependence at low temperatures of the shear viscosity of water and its backwards-sounding increased fluidity under pressure for temperatures below 33 °C are two of the anomalies of this liquid that have been known for a very long time. The purpose of the present paper is to show how these two important characteristics of water emerge quantitatively from an explicit two-state outer-neighbor mixture model that we have used to explain many other properties of this substance. It will be shown here that both of these viscosity anomalies are directly related to the steep variations with temperature and pressure of the fractional compositions of ice-Ih-type bonding and ice-II-type bonding in the two-state mixture. This compositional dependence has already been obtained in earlier work from the variations of the density and the isothermal compressibility of water with temperature. The viscosity analysis presented here thus helps to unify further all the properties of this liquid under a single, very simple structural characteristic. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.480367
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A novel integrated electric motor/pump for underwater applications : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 5548-5550 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This article presents a novel electric motor/pump system that combines an axial field, permanent magnet motor with a centrifugal pump. This system, unique because the motor permanent magnet rotor and pump impeller vanes are a single unit, provides a compact, reliable, low-noise, and high-power density electrically driven centrifugal pump suitable for underwater applications in which minimizing noise, vibration, and volume are major design objectives. Performance tradeoffs for the electromagnetic analysis were made by three-dimensional finite element analysis models in conjunction with a lumped parameter magnetic circuit model. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362304
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time- and Space-Resolved Studies of the Physics and Chemistry of Liquid Water near a Biologically Relevant Interface (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 99 (1995), S. 7806-7812 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100019a070
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The impact of in situ photoexcitation on the formation of vacancy-type complexes in silicon implanted at 85 and 295 K (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 75 (1999), S. 241-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Photoexcitation of silicon during low-fluence implantation with MeV Si and Ge ions is observed to suppress vacancy-type point-defect formation, as determined by in situ deep-level transient spectroscopy. The A-center formation after low-temperature implantation is extended over a wide temperature interval indicating that electrically inactive clusters, which emit vacancies during annealing, are formed in the end-of-range region during implantation at 85 K. The number of vacancies stored in these clusters is influenced by low-temperature in situ photoexcitation. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.124335
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolution of deep-level centers in p-type silicon following ion implantation at 85 K (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 74 (1999), S. 1263-1265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In situ deep-level transient spectroscopy measurements have been carried out on p-type silicon following MeV He, Si, and Ge ion implantation at 85 K. Deep levels corresponding to intrinsic and impurity-related point defects are only detected after annealing at temperatures above 200 K. In addition to divacancies, interstitial carbon, and a carbon–oxygen complex, the formation of another defect, denoted as K2, has been observed during annealing at 200–230 K in epitaxial wafers, and at 200–300 K in Czochralski grown material. The energy level of the K2 defect is located 0.36 eV above the valence band, which is very close to a previously observed level of the carbon–oxygen pair. The relative concentration of this defect is ∼10 times higher in samples implanted with Ge than in those implanted with He. Due to its formation temperature, equal concentration in epitaxial and Czochralski grown wafers, and absence in n-type samples, the K2 trap has been tentatively identified as a vacancy-related complex which probably contains boron. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.123519
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The vascular and glandular organoprotective properties of metronidazole in the rodent stomach (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 11 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: The gastroprotective action of metronidazole, an antimicrobial used in the therapy against Helicobacter pylori infection, is unclear. Thus, the aim of the present investigation was to study the organoprotective action and antiulcer mechanisms of this drug in rodents. Methods and results: Metronidazole (10 mg/kg), given either per os or intraperitoneally, 30 min beforehand, reduced ethanol (40%, 10 mL/kg, p.o.)-induced gastric mucosal damage in male rats. Likewise, oral administration of metronidazole dose-dependently attenuated the indomethacin (30 mg/kg, p.o.)-induced gastric lesion formation and the concurrent depletion of mucosal mucus. However, metronidazole did not affect the basal mucosal prostaglandin E2 content. In an ex vivo gastric chamber preparation, 40% ethanol incubation markedly lowered transmucosal potential difference and increased mucosal vascular permeability in rat stomachs. Incubation with all doses of metronidazole did not modulate gastric mucosal blood flow nor transmucosal potential difference, either before or after ethanol treatment. Nevertheless, the increase in vascular permeability by 40% ethanol was significantly alleviated by either p.o. or i.p. metronidazole pre-treatment. In addition, exposure of the isolated rabbit gastric gland preparation to metronidazole (10−5 and 10−4 m) significantly attenuated the damaging action of 10% ethanol. Conclusion: It is concluded that metronidazole possesses a direct vascular and glandular organoprotective property in the rodent stomach. However, the anti-ulcer action does not appear to involve prostaglandins nor act through the improvement of gastric mucosal blood flow. Preservation of intramucosal mucus may partly contribute to the prevention of indomethacin-induced ulceration in rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.1997.00207.x
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