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  • 1
    ISSN: 1600-079X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Melatonin, the chief hormone of the pineal gland in vertebrates, is widely distributed in the animal kingdom. Among many functions, melatonin synchronizes circadian and circannual rhythms, stimulates immune function, may increase life span, inhibits growth of cancer cells in vitro and cancer progression and promotion in vivo, and was recently shown to be a potent hydroxyl radical scavenger and antioxidant. Hydroxyl radicals are highly toxic by-products of oxygen metabolism that damage cellular DNA and other macromolecules. Herein we report that melatonin, in varying concentrations, is also found in a variety of plants. Melatonin concentrations, measured in nine different plants by radioimmunoassay, ranged from 0 to 862 pg melatonin/mg protein. The presence of melatonin was verified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Our findings suggest that the consumption of plant materials that contain high levels of melatonin could alter blood melatonin levels of the indole as well as provide protection of macromolecules against oxidative damage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 102 (1998), S. 252-252 
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 139 (1998), S. 136-144 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words Ethanol ; NPY ; ERP ; Frontal cortex ; Amygdala
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Central administration of neuropeptide Y (NPY) in low concentrations has been shown to produce anxiolysis and suppression of locomotor activity, a behavioral profile not dissimilar to that of ethanol. The present study was conducted to ascertain whether NPY and ethanol have similar electrophysiological profiles and to evaluate the combined actions of NPY and ethanol. Eighty-five Wistar rats were stereotaxically implanted with electrodes aimed at dorsal hippocampus, amygdala, and frontal cortex. Rats were administered NPY [or saline (SAL)] intracerebroventricularly (ICV) whereas the doses of alcohol (or SAL) were given intraperitoneally (IP). Two doses of alcohol (0.75, 1.5 g/kg) and two doses of NPY (1, 3 nmol) were given alone and in combination. Drug effects were assessed using event related potentials (ERP) recorded in response to an auditory ”oddball” plus noise paradigm between 30 and 40 min post-drug. Multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA) revealed that NPY produced a significant decrease in the amplitude and increase in the latency of the N1 component in cortex and a decrease in the amplitude of the P3 component in amygdala, but no overall effects in hippocampus. Ethanol produced identical effects to NPY on the N1 and P3 components of the ERP in cortex and amygdala. Combined administration of EtOH and NPY (1 nmol) produced effects equivalent to those seen following the higher doses of NPY (3 nmol) or EtOH (1.5 g/kg). These studies demonstrate that NPY and ethanol have a similar electrophysiological profile. In addition, the combined administration of NPY and ethanol produced additive effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 118 (1995), S. 410-418 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Amygdala ; Dorsal hippocampus ; ERPs Neuropeptides ; Nucleus accumbens ; Spectral power
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Neurotensin has neuromodulatory actions on multiple brain functions including motor, sensory and limbic processes. However, little is known about how neurotensin affects general arousal and/or attention states. The present study evaluated the effects of neurotensin on spontaneous brain activity as well as auditory evoked responses using electrophysiological measures. Electroencephalographic and event-related potential recordings were obtained in awake animals following intracerebroventricular administration of neurotensin (1.0, 10.0 and 30.0 µg). Twenty rats were implanted with recording electrodes in the frontal cortex, dorsal hippocampus, amygdala and nucleus accumbens. Neurotensin was found to produce a dose-related effect on behavior and electrophysiological measures. Lower doses (10 µg) produced no obvious behavioral changes, but significantly reduced EEG power in the lower frequency ranges (2–6 Hz) in the frontal cortex, the anterior amygdaloid complex and the nucleus accumbens. At higher doses (30 µg), rats appeared behaviorally inactivated, and EEG power was reduced in all structures in both the lower frequency ranges (2–6 Hz) and the higher frequency ranges (8–32 Hz). Auditory processing, as assessed by event-related potentials, was affected most significantly in amygdala and dorsal hippocampus. In the amygdala, the amplitude of the P3 component of the auditory event-related potential was increased significantly by doses of 10.0 and 30.0 µg. In the dorsal hippocampus, the amplitude and the area of the N1 component was increased dose dependently and significance was reached at the 30 µg dose. These electrophysiological findings indicate that neurotensin does not reduce the arousal level of the animals and in fact may enhance neurosensory processing in limbic areas through increased arousal and/or enhanced stimulus evaluation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Herzschrittmachertherapie & Elektrophysiologie 9 (1998), S. S79 
    ISSN: 1435-1544
    Keywords: Key words Myocardial infarction ; risk stratification ; prognosis ; implantable defibrillator ; Schlüsselwörter Myokardinfarkt ; Risikostratifikation ; Prognose ; implantierbarer Defibrillator
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Jüngste Studien machen deutlich, daß sich die Prognose von asymptomatischen Postinfarktpatienten in den letzten zwei Jahren verbessert hat. Dies erschwert die Möglichkeit einer zuverlässigen Identifizierung der Risikopatienten. Die sogenannten „klassischen” Risikostratifikations-Methoden (Langzeit-EKG, Bestimmung der Auswurffraktion) sind auch heute noch wichtige Methoden zur Abschätzung der Prognose von Postinfarktpatienten. Patienten mit normalem nichtinvasivem Testergebnis haben eine gute Prognose. Der niedrige positive prädiktive Wert bleibt allerdings ein Problem, das auch durch neue Methoden (Herzfrequenzvariabilität, Baroreflexsensitivität) nicht gelöst wird. Die programmierte Ventrikelstimulation dürfte am geeignetsten sein, arrhythmogene Ereignisse vorherzusagen. Sie ist allerdings invasiv und kann nur bei etwa der Hälfte der Postinfarktpatienten angewendet werden, so daß sie als Screening-Methode nicht infrage kommt. Ob es gelingt, mit Hilfe der derzeit zur Verfügung stehenden nichtinvasiven Methoden ein Kollektiv zu identifizieren, dessen Prognose durch einen implantierbaren Defibrillator verbessert wird, müssen zukünftige Studien prüfen.
    Notes: Summary Recent studies have clearly indicated that the prognosis for asymptomatic post-infarct patients has improved in the last two years. This makes it more difficult to achieve a reliable identification of high-risk patients. The so-called “classical” risk stratification methods (longterm ECG, determination of the ejection fraction) are still important today for assessing the prognosis of post-infarct patients. Patients with normal test results from non-invasive methods have a good prognosis. The low positive predictive value, however, remains a problem which will also not be solved using new methods (heart rate variability, baroreflex sensitivity). Programmed ventricular stimulation may be the most suitable method for predicting arrhythmogenic events. However, it is an invasive method and may only be used in about half of the post-infarct patients, so that it is not suitable as a screening method. Whether it will be possible making use of non-invasive methods currently available to identify a population whose prognosis would be improved by using an implanted defibrillator remains to be demonstrated in future studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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