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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Inflammation research 44 (1995), S. 548-555 
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Meloxicam ; Piroxicam ; Diclofenac ; Adjuvant arthritis ; Lewis rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of meloxicam, piroxicam, diclofenac and tenidap on the swelling of hind paws, radiologically-detectable bone and cartilage destruction of hind paws, increase in spleen weight, increase in erythrocyte sedimentation rate and changes in serum protein composition in male Lewis rats with adjuvant arthritis were studied following once-daily oral administration of these drugs for 21 days. All the drugs dose-dependently inhibited hind paw swelling. For equal activity against hind paw swelling caused by the secondary reaction, the required daily dose of piroxicam was about twice that of meloxicam; those of diclofenac and tenidap were about 3.5 and 60 times higher respectively. The bone and cartilage destruction induced by adjuvant arthritis were inhibited by meloxicam at low daily doses and by piroxicam at doses approximately four times those of meloxicam. Diclofenac and tenidap had only a weak effect on radiologically-detectable lesions when administered at doses sufficient to reduce paw swelling. Meloxicam also had a dose-dependent corrective effect on the systemic changes which occur in adjuvant arthritic rats, e.g. increase in spleen weight, increase in erythrocyte sedimentation rate and changes in serum protein composition. Piroxicam produced similar effects, at 3–4 times higher doses. Diclofenac and tenidap did not show comparable effects when administered at appropriate doses. These findings indicate that the action of meloxicam and piroxicam differs from that of diclofenac and tenidap in adjuvant arthritis in the Lewis rat. At oral doses which significantly reduce edema formation, only meloxicam and piroxicam showed a significant effect on systemic parameters of adjuvant disease in the Lewis rat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Meloxicam ; Non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs ; Anti-inflammatory activity ; Analgesic activity ; Gastrointestinal tolerance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic properties of the new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, meloxicam, were investigated in a variety of animal models and compared with the properties of piroxicam, diclofenac, indomethacin and several other NSAIDs. With respect to the total effect of a single oral dose, the anti-exudative effect of meloxicam on carrageenaninduced oedema in the rat exceeded that of all the NSAIDs included in the comparison. Additionally, meloxicam showed the greatest potency of all the compounds examined with respect to adjuvant-induced arthritis in the rat, the granuloma pouch model and the cotton pellet test in the rat. Unlike indomethacin, in the carrageenan pleurisy model in the rat, meloxicam caused both a dose-dependent reduction in exudate volume and also inhibition of leucocyte migration. Meloxicam showed a strong and lasting effect on inflammatory pain in the rat. Like other NSAIDs, but unlike dipyrone, meloxicam had no effect in the hot plate and tail clamp tests, which are used to identify weak central analgesic effects. Unlike dipyrone and like indomethacin, meloxicam had no effect in a model of visceral distention pain. In common with other NSAIDs, meloxicam had no influence on the body temperature of normothermic rats in the anti-inflammatory dose range, but did reduce yeastinduced fever in the rat in a dose-dependent manner. Like piroxicam, meloxicam had a uricosuric effect on rats treated with oxonic acid. Low-dose meloxicam inhibited both bradykinin-induced and PAF-induced bronchospasm in the guinea-pig, but had no effect on acetylcholine-induced bronchospasm. Piroxicam had greater ulcerogenic effects in the rat stomach than meloxicam. The therapeutic range of meloxicam in the rat, with regard to inhibition of adjuvant arthritis, was several times greater than that of piroxicam, indomethacin, diclofenac and naproxen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Key words: Cyclooxygenase — COX-1 — COX-2 — Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Objective and Design: Two structurally related compounds, meloxicam (Mel) and its structural 4′-isomer (4′-Mel), were compared to examine the role of a slightly different chemical structure on cyclooxygenase (COX) selectivity in in vitro and in vivo experimental models.¶Material or Subjects: In vitro studies were performed using human whole blood obtained from healthy volunteers, in vivo studies were performed in rats.¶Treatment: A concentration-response curve was obtained in the whole blood assay for Mel, 4′-Mel, indomethacin, piroxicam and diclofenac. These were used to calculate the respective IC50 values of either prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) or thromboxane B2 (TxB2). Similarly, a dose-response curve was obtained for Mel, 4′-Mel and piroxicam when measuring in vivo prostaglandin production, anti-inflammatory activity and gastric tolerance to determine the dose resulting in a 50% reduction of the each parameter.¶Methods: COX selectivity was investigated in vitro using a human whole blood assay. PGE2 synthesis in vivo was measured in inflammatory exudate, in the stomach and kidneys of rats. Anti-inflammatory effects were measured in an adjuvant arthritis model and gastric tolerance was tested in an ulcerogenicity model in vivo in rats.¶Results: In the human whole blood assay, the ratio of IC50 values for COX-1 vs. COX-2 inhibition was 13 for Mel and 1.8 for 4′-Mel. In inflammatory exudate in rats, Mel and 4′-Mel inhibited PGE2 synthesis to a similar extent, ID50 values ∼ 0.3 mg/kg. In contrast, Mel was a weaker inhibitor of PG synthesis than 4′-Mel in the rat stomach and in the rat kidney. Paw swelling was reduced by 50% with 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg for Mel and 4′-Mel, respectively, in the rat adjuvant arthritis model. Gastric tolerance (UD50) was 2.4 mg/kg for Mel and 0.4 mg/kg for 4′-Mel.¶Conclusions: These data demonstrate that the in vitro and in vivo pharmacological profile of meloxicam is structurally dependent and that minor structural changes can lead to significant differences in the selectivity for COX-1 and COX-2 in vitro and to different profiles in vivo suggesting different therapeutic potential.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie 56 (1997), S. 21-30 
    ISSN: 0340-1855
    Keywords: Key words Meloxicam ; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug ; rats ; osteoarthrosis of ankle joints ; histology ; Schlüsselwörter Meloxicam ; nichtsteroidales Antiphlogistikum ; Ratten ; Sprunggelenkarthrose ; Histologie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von Meloxicam, einem neuen nichtsteroidalen Antiphlogistikum, auf die spontane Arthrose der Sprunggelenke von Crl:CDBR-Ratten wurde untersucht. Das Medikament war in einer Dosierung von 0,4, 0,6 und 0,8 mg/kg/Tag über einen Zeitraum von 2 Jahren 50 männlichen und 50 weiblichen Ratten (pro Dosis) mit dem Futter appliziert worden. 100 männliche und 100 weibliche unbehandelte Tiere dienten als Kontrollkollektiv. Histologisch wurden unterschiedliche arthrotische Veränderungen in Hüft-, Knie- und Sprunggelenken bei behandelten und unbehandelten Tieren beobachtet. Am häufigsten traten schwere Gelenkveränderungen in den Sprunggelenken auf. Wesentliche strukturelle Unterschiede zwischen behandelten und unbehandelten Tieren konnten histologisch nicht nachgewiesen werden. Es wird geschlossen, daß Meloxicam in der angewandten Dosierung keinen wesentlichen Einfluß auf die Sprunggelenkarthrose der Ratten ausübt und damit für diese Spezies als chondroneutral zu betrachten ist.
    Notes: Summary The effect of meloxicam, a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, on spontaneous osteoarthrosis of the ankle joint in Crl:CDBR rats was investigated. The drug was administered in the feed at doses of 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 mg/kg/day over a period of 2 years to 50 males and 50 females per dose. 100 male rats and 100 female rats were used as controls. Histological examination revealed osteoarthrotic changes of varying degrees of severity in the hip, knee and ankle joints of both treated and untreated animals. The incidence and severity of these changes was greatest in the ankle joints. There was little difference between treated and untreated animals as regards the site, incidence, severity and histological appearance of the osteoarthrotic changes. At the doses tested, meloxicam does not affect the processes involved in spontaneous osteoarthrosis in the rat and can therefore be regarded as chondroneutral in this species.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Solid-state NMR, 29Si, 1H, 23Na ; sodium silicate hydrates ; glass formation ; melting process ; structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Temperaturvariable 1H-, 23Na- und 29Si-MAS-NMR Untersuchungen an Natriumsilicathydraten der Zusammensetzung Na2O · SiO2 · nH2O (n = 9, 6, 5): Lokalstruktur in Kristallen, Schmelzen, unterkühlten Schmelzen und GläsernDie Lokalstruktur in Kristallen, Schmelzen, unterkühlten Schmelzen und Gläsern von Natriumsilicathydraten der Zusammensetzung Na2O · SiO2 · nH2O (n = 9, 6, 5) wird mittels temperaturvariabler 1H-, 23Na- und 29Si-MAS-NMR-Spektroskopie charakterisiert. Detaillierte in-situ Untersuchungen des Schmelzprozesses der kristallinen Hydrate zeigen die Bedeutung der Beweglichkeit der Wassermoleküle für den Schmelzmechanismus. In Abhängigkeit von der lokalen Umgebung zeigen kristallographisch unterschiedliche Natriumpositionen ein unterschiedliches Verhalten während des Schmelzprozesses. Die monomeren Silicatanionen der kristallinen Hydrate kondensieren während des Schmelzens zu oligomeren Anionen. Bei Abkühlung der Schmelzen tritt keine Rekristallisation, sondern Glasbildung auf, wenn die Schmelzen zuvor ca. 10 K über den Schmelzpunkt erhitzt werden. Wie in den Schmelzen werden in den Gläsern ebenfalls oligomere Silicatanionen beobachtet, die jedoch einen erhöhten Anteil an cyclotrimeren Spezies enthalten. Durch Kombination von in-situ MAS-NMR-Untersuchungen und Messungen der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit an den Schmelzen, unterkühlten Schmelzen und Gläsern wird eine Aufteilung in drei Temperaturbereiche vorgeschlagen, die durch Unterschiede in der Lokalstruktur und Dynamik der Natriumkationen, Wassermoleküle und Silicatanionen charakterisiert sind. Diese Bereiche umfassen einen Glas- und Transformationsbereich A bei tiefer Temperatur, einen Aggregationsbereich B bei mittleren Temperaturen und einen Lösungs- bzw. Elektrolytbereich C bei höheren Temperaturen. Im Bereich B wird eine Aggregation von hydratisierten Natriumkationen zu höheren Polykationenkomplexen angenommen, deren Beweglichkeit sich deutlich von der der Silicatanionen unterscheidet. Eine Bildung von langlebigen Kontaktionenpaaren zwischen Natriumkationen und Silicatanionen wird deshalb in diesem Temperaturbereich ausgeschlossen.
    Notes: The local structure in crystals, melts, supercooled melts, and glasses of sodium silicate hydrates of composition Na2O · SiO2 · nH2O (n = 9, 6, 5) is studied by variable temperature 1H, 23Na, and 29Si MAS NMR spectroscopy. Detailed in situ investigations on the melting process of the crystalline materials reveal the importance of H2O motion in the melting mechanism. Depending on the local coordination, crystallographically distinct Na sites show different behaviour during the melting process. Upon melting, the monomer silicate anions present in the crystalline hydrates undergo condensation reactions to oligomeric silicate anions. No recrystallization but glass formation occurs at low temperature if the melts were heated initially about 10 K above the melting point. In the glasses also oligomeric silicate anions are present with a preference for cyclotrimer species. In situ MAS NMR investigations and electric conductivity measurements of the melts, supercooled melts, and glasses suggest the distinction of three temperature ranges characterized by different local structure and dynamics of the sodium cations, water and silicate anions. These ranges comprise a glass and glass transition range A at low temperatures, an aggregation region B at intermediate temperatures, and a solution or electrolyte region C at high temperatures. In region B aggregation of sodium water complexes to hydrated polycation clusters is suggested, the dynamic behaviour of which is clearly different to that of the silicate anions, indicating that no long-lived contact ion pairs between sodium cations and silicate anions are formed.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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