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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Late outcome of percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy in intensive care patients (1995)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 21 (1995), S. 475-481 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Tracheostomy ; Methods ; ICU ; Postoperative complications ; Follow-up studies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective Percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy is increasingly practiced in intensive care units and has a low incidence of early complications. The late effects of this procedure are still poorly known and were the focus of this study. Design Prospective descriptive clinical study. Setting Interdisciplinary intensive care unit in a 300-bed teaching hospital. Patients A consecutive group of critically ill patients who underwent percutaneous tracheostomy between Nov. 90 and March 93, surviving at least 2 months after decannulation. Measurements and results There were 17 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria and 16 of them were seen and examined. The follow-up protocol required a formal standar dized patient interview, a physical examination of the stoma site and a fiberoptic laryngotracheoscopy. Results of these sub-tests and overall outcome rating were standardized and expressed as good, moderate or poor. Subjective rating was good in all patients. All denied suffering from any side effects of their tracheostomy. Clinical examination revealed neither stridor nor hoarseness in any of the patients. Most of the scars were whitish and less than 1 cm in length, a few were sunken in, none had adhesions. In 15 patients the clinical result was good and in one, moderate (whitish, sunken-in scar, longer than 2 cm). Ten patients underwent tracheoscopy, while 6 did not. There were no signs of significant stenosis or tracheomalacia. In 8 patients with minor findings results were scored as good, while 2 were classified as moderate (combination of swelling and scar formation of a string-like membrane). The overall rating was good in 13 patients (81%) and moderate in 3 patients (19%). There were no poor outcomes. Conclusions Late outcome of percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy in critically ill patients is mostly good. Pending further studies, the use of this technique in intensive care units appears justified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01706200
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Validation of a simple method assessing nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide concentrations (1995)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 21 (1995), S. 537-541 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Nitric oxide ; Monitoring ; Chemiluminescence assay ; Electrochemical assay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Monitoring of nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a prerequisite for the clinical use of NO. Chemiluminescence, the reference method, cannot be used as a routine in clinical practice in view of its cost and other restraints. This study was performed to evaluate a device using an electrochemical method (Polytrons NO and NO2, Dräger®). Forty-nine simultaneous measurements of NO and various oxides of nitrogen (NOx) concentrations by the two apparatus were performed. NO measurements by means of these two methods are very well correlated (r=0.96;p〈10–5). The mean difference according to the method of Bland and Altman was 2.8±1.7 ppm, with the limits of agreement at −0.6 and +6.2 ppm (confidence interval of 95%). There was also a good correlation between measurements of NO2 obtained via Polytrons and NOx via chemiluminescence (r=0.84;p〈10−5). However, NO2 measurements obtained via Polytron may be insufficient to exclude potential toxicity of NO2 due to the inability to detect measurements in the ppbrange. This study demonstrates that devices designed for industrial purposes (Polytrons NO and NO2, Dräger®) can be used for clinical purposes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01706209
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Green manures for maize—bean systems in eastern Uganda: Agronomic performance and farmers' perceptions (1999)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 47 (1999), S. 123-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: Canavalia ensiformis ; Crotalaria orchroleuca ; Dolichos lablab ; farmer participatory research ; Mucuna pruriens ; soil fertility management
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Researchers worked with farmers in eastern Uganda to develop alternatives for soil management using crotalaria (Crotalaria ochroleuca), mucuna (Mucuna pruriens var. utilis), lablab (Dolichos lablab), and canavalia (Canavalia ensiformis) as green manures in short-term fallows. The participatory research was part of a community-based approach for systems improvement. Grain yields of maize (Zea mays) and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) following one season of crotalaria fallow were 41% and 43%, respectively, more than following a two-season weedy fallow. Grain yields of maize following a one-season fallow with mucuna and lablab were 60% and 50% higher, respectively, as compared with maize following maize. Maize and bean yield were more, although effects were small, during the second and third subsequent seasons, indicating probable residual effects of the green manures. Mucuna and lablab were successfully produced by intersowing into maize at three weeks after sowing maize, although the yields of the associated maize crop were reduced by 24% to 28%. Farmers estimated the labor requirements for mucuna and lablab to be less than for crotalaria. Farmers independently experimented on how these species can be integrated into banana (Musa spp.), coffee (Coffea robusta), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), and cassava (Manihot esculenta) production systems. Farmers reported that the beneficial effects of the green manures included higher food-crop yields; weed suppression; improved soil fertility, soil moisture, and soil tilth; and erosion control. Mucuna and lablab were preferred because of reduced labor requirements and increased net benefits compared with continuous cropping. Farmer participation in the green manure research resulted in efficient generation and adaptation of green manure technology now being promoted in eastern and central Uganda.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006234523163
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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