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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Public Support For Earthquake Risk Mitigation In Portland, Oregon (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Risk analysis 19 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: During the 1980s, seismic research suggested that Oregon and the City of Portland had a higher risk of a major earthquake than had previously been assumed. In 1993, the State of Oregon adopted a new version of the Oregon Structural Specialty Code, which changed the designation of western Oregon from seismic zone 2b to seismic zone 3. The City of Portland established a program and a Task Force on Seismic Strengthening of Buildings to recommend actions that would encourage upgrading of city buildings. A survey of adult city residents was conducted in April, 1996 to determine public attitudes and opinions about earthquake risks, management and mitigation of earthquake hazards, priorities for protection by strengthening buildings, evaluations of strategies for informing the public about earthquake risks, and support for specific options the city might take to protect citizens against earthquake events. Social and demographic information on individuals and households was also collected. Respondents provided ratings for a wide range of social and environmental risks, provided information on priorities for strengthening key buildings and infrastructure facilities, and answered hypothetical questions about voting for bond measures to pay for city earthquake mitigation programs. Respondents recognized significant risk from earthquakes and supported programs to protect people, especially vulnerable residents such as children and the sick. There was strong support for protecting emergency response capabilities. There was much less support for using public funds to reduce the risks associated with privately owned buildings. There were also some strong pockets of resistance to publicly funded mitigation programs in response to the hypothetical bond measures.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1999.tb00400.x
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Risk, Media, and Stigma at Rocky Flats (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Risk analysis 18 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Public responses to nuclear technologies are often strongly negative. Events, such as accidents or evidence of unsafe conditions at nuclear facilities, receive extensive and dramatic coverage by the news media. These news stories affect public perceptions of nuclear risks and the geographic areas near nuclear facilities. One result of these perceptions, avoidance behavior, is a form of “technological stigma” that leads to losses in property values near nuclear facilities. The social amplification of risk is a conceptual framework that attempts to explain how stigma is created through media transmission of information about hazardous places and public perceptions and decisions. This paper examines stigma associated with the U.S. Department of Energy's Rocky Flats facility, a major production plant in the nation's nuclear weapons complex, located near Denver, Colorado. This study, based upon newspaper analyses and a survey of Denver area residents, finds that the social amplification theory provides a reasonable framework for understanding the events and public responses that took place in regard to Rocky Flats during a 6-year period, beginning with an FBI raid of the facility in 1989.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1998.tb01115.x
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Who Holds the Stakes? A Case Study of Stakeholder Identification at Two Nuclear Weapons Production Sites (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Risk analysis 16 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Traditional risk assessments, including those involving the United States Department of Energy (USDOE), are often criticized for producing useless or noncredible management responses because they did not meaningfully involve the public. The first step to involve the public is to identify appropriate active participants (stakeholders). This study was done to understand the processes used to identify stakeholders to serve on advisory boards established at the two largest remediation sites in the United States: the Hanford Nuclear Reservation in Washington state and the Savannah River Site in South Carolina. The Hanford stakeholder identification process produced an interest-based board whereas the Savannah River Site strategy produced population-based representation. The basic goals of the stakeholder advisory groups were similar. However, different processes were used to identify the participants for the groups in part because of distinctly different social and cultural conditions in the areas affected by the operations of the two facilities, and in part because of the different level of trust of the USDOE and their contractors at Hanford compared with Savannah River. The discussion analyzes their different needs and potential for successful citizen participation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1996.tb01454.x
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Risk, Media, and Stigma at Rocky Flats (1998)
    Springer
    Risk analysis 18 (1998), S. 715-727 
    Details
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Schlagwort(e): Rocky Flats ; social amplification of risk ; technological stigma ; property values ; risk perception
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract Public responses to nuclear technologies are often strongly negative. Events, such as accidents or evidence of unsafe conditions at nuclear facilities, receive extensive and dramatic coverage by the news media. These news stories affect public perceptions of nuclear risks and the geographic areas near nuclear facilities. One result of these perceptions, avoidance behavior, is a form of “technological stigma” that leads to losses in property values near nuclear facilities. The social amplification of risk is a conceptual framework that attempts to explain how stigma is created through media transmission of information about hazardous places and public perceptions and decisions. This paper examines stigma associated with the U.S. Department of Energy's Rocky Flats facility, a major production plant in the nation's nuclear weapons complex, located near Denver, Colorado. This study, based upon newspaper analyses and a survey of Denver area residents, finds that the social amplification theory provides a reasonable framework for understanding the events and public responses that took place in regard to Rocky Flats during a 6-year period, beginning with an FBI raid of the facility in 1989.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:RIAN.0000005918.67810.6d
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Public Support For Earthquake Risk Mitigation In Portland, Oregon (1999)
    Springer
    Risk analysis 19 (1999), S. 205-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Schlagwort(e): Seismic risk ; risk perceptions ; earthquake hazards ; risk mitigation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract During the 1980s, seismic research suggested that Oregon and the City of Portland had a higher risk of a major earthquake than had previously been assumed. In 1993, the State of Oregon adopted a new version of the Oregon Structural Specialty Code, which changed the designation of western Oregon from seismic zone 2b to seismic zone 3. The City of Portland established a program and a Task Force on Seismic Strengthening of Buildings to recommend actions that would encourage upgrading of city buildings. A survey of adult city residents was conducted in April, 1996 to determine public attitudes and opinions about earthquake risks, management and mitigation of earthquake hazards, priorities for protection by strengthening buildings, evaluations of strategies for informing the public about earthquake risks, and support for specific options the city might take to protect citizens against earthquake events. Social and demographic information on individuals and households was also collected. Respondents provided ratings for a wide range of social and environmental risks, provided information on priorities for strengthening key buildings and infrastructure facilities, and answered hypothetical questions about voting for bond measures to pay for city earthquake-mitigation programs. Respondents recognized significant risk from earthquakes and supported programs to protect people, especially vulnerable residents such as children and the sick. There was strong support for protecting emergency response capabilities. There was much less support for using public funds to reduce the risks associated with privately owned buildings. There were also some strong pockets of resistance to publicly funded mitigation programs in response to the hypothetical bond measures.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006969526398
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Acceptable practices in Ontario's forests: Differences between the public and forestry professionals (1998)
    Springer
    New forests 16 (1998), S. 139-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5095
    Schlagwort(e): conflict resolution ; environmental values ; forest management preferences ; herbicide alternatives ; public communication ; risk perceptions ; social acceptability ; trust
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract We compare and contrast survey responses to statements about 1) environmental values, 2) agreement with forest management goals and approaches, 3) perceptions of risk, 4) trust in science and government, and 5) acceptability of forestry practices between the public and three groups of forestry professionals (government biologists, government foresters, and industry foresters) in Ontario. The survey emphasized issues surrounding forest vegetation management due to the contentious nature of herbicide use. Responses were gathered from a 140-question telephone survey administered from September and November 1994 to 1,500 members of the general public and 201 forestry professionals across the province. Forestry professionals tended to be less supportive of some environmental values and forest management goals, perceive everyday and forestry activities to be less risky, be more trusting of science and government, and be more accepting of forestry activities than the general public. Among the three groups of forestry professionals, industry foresters tended to be most different from the public, followed by government foresters, and government biologists. These differences reveal potential sources of conflict and miscommunication between the public and forest managers. Recognizing these differences can help improve communications with the public about forest management plans.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006577019706
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Factors contributing to hypotension during hemodialysis (1996)
    Springer
    Geriatric nephrology and urology 6 (1996), S. 99-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7306
    Schlagwort(e): hemodialysis hypotension ; chronic hemodialysis ; diabetic nephropathy ; midodrine
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Background The characteristics of patients receiving chronic hemodialysis in the United States has continuously changed over the past three decades. Today the patients are older, and the incidence of diabetic nephropathy has markedly increased. Hypotension during hemodialysis is the most common and bothersome complication of chronic hemodialysis. The demographics of those patients who experience hypotension during dialysis has not been previously identified. Methods The change in systolic pressure during hemodialysis was reviewed for ten consecutive hemodialysis treatments in 134 patients in a single hospital-based unit. For the past four years, those patients who have had symptoms during their hypotensive episodes associated with hemodialysis have been under continuous therapy with midodrine. Results In the present study, the overall incidence of patients experiencing decreases of, at least, 40 mmHg systolic pressure, in over 50% of their treatments, is 63%. The incidence of patients having symptoms from hypotension during hemodialysis is 25%. Analysis of the dialysis population shows that the age of the patients is a primary factor leading to hypotension. Diabetic nephropathy is identified as a second risk factor for hypotension. However, the incidence in the asymptomatic group versus the symptomatic group was not statistically significant. In the group of patients (25%) who have hypotension during hemodialysis with clinical symptoms, all had hypertension requiring therapy prior to initiating hemodialysis. Hypertension may be a predisposing factor to the development of hypotension. Females tended to have more hypotension during dialysis than males. Conclusions As a result of the increasing age of patients receiving hemodialysis and the increasing incidence of diabetic nephropathy, hypotension will become an even greater problem in the future.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00451113
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