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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 36 (1995), S. 1347-1352 
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: An exact spinor solution in inflationary Kantowski–Sachs cosmology is presented in this paper. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1434-3924
    Keywords: Key words Endoscopic laser foraminoplasty ; Lateral recess stenosis ; Osteophytosis ; Dorsal osteophytes ; Shoulder osteophytes ; Undercutting decompression ; Discectomy ; Sequestrectomy ; Foraminal ligament ; Superior foraminal ligament ; Fusion ; Aware-state feedback ; Viviprudence ; Differential discogram ; Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans ; Multiple sclerosis ; Failed back syndrome ; Spondylolytic spondylolisthesis ; Retrolisthesis ; Schlüsselwörter Endoskopische Laser-Foraminoplastie ; Laterale Rezessusstenose ; Osteophytose ; Dorsale Osteophyten ; Schulterosteophyten ; Unterschneidungsdekompression ; Diskektomie ; Sequestrektomie ; Foramenligamente ; Feedback im Wachzustand ; Viviprudence ; Differentialdiskogramm ; MRI-Scan ; Multiple Sklerose ; Failed back syndrome ; Spondylolisthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Chirurgische Behandlung beim Patienten im Wachzustand wurde in unserer Abteilung bei über 2.500 Patienten angewandt, um die Ursache von Wirbelsäulenschmerzen im Zusammenhang mit dem als „viviprudence“ bezeichneten Prozeß herauszufinden. Das Vorgehen in diesem Prozeß besteht in klinischer Analyse, dynamischer Radiologie und Scanning nach Tests mittels Differentialdiskographie, Endoskopie und Patientenfeedback; dieses Procedure ersetzt das Rätselraten durch Diagnose nach Augenschein und erlaubt die Anwendung von punktuellen gewebeschonenden Verfahren nicht nur zur Behandlung der Kompressionsradikulopathie, sondern auch von Rückenschmerzen, „failed back syndrome“, perineuraler Vernarbung, „Multilevel“-Wirbelkörperdegenerationskrankheit, lateraler Rezessusstenose und dynamischer Spondylolisthesis. Die pathologischen Vorgänge wurden damit genau identifiziert und die Indikationskriterien für Laser-Wirbeldekompression und endoskopische Laser-Foraminoplastie verfeinert. Seit 1994 wurde ein endoskopisches System entwickelt, um das intravertebrale Foramen und den Epiduralraum über den posterolateralen Zugang zu erforschen. Es wurde eingesetzt zur Behandlung lateraler Rezessusstenosen, epiduraler Vernarbung, Osteophytose, Ablagerungen, Spondylolisthesis, Wirbelextrusion und -sequestration sowie „failed back syndrome“. Das Ziel dieses Vorgehens war, die Schmerzursache mittels Definition bei Endoskopie im Wachzustand herauszufinden, und zwar bei Dekompression des Foramens, bei Mobilisation und Neurolyse der gereizten und reizleitenden Nerven und bei Ablation von Osteophyten und anderen Ursachen des „failed back syndrome“ nach endoskopischer Diagnosesicherung. In die prospektive Studie wurden „Tagesfälle“ (Klinikaufenthalt = 1 Tag) mit endoskopischer Foraminoplastie bei 101 männlichen und 99 weiblichen Patienten (Durchschnittsalter 56 Jahre, Spanne 22–83 Jahre) aufgenommen. Die Nachbeobachtung erstreckte sich über durchschnittlich 34 Monate (Spanne 26–43 Monate). 46 Patienten hatten zuvor 1–4 offene Operationen. 14 Patienten erhielten vor der Operation Analgetika. 106 Patienten waren in anderen medizinischen Zentren untersucht worden, wobei eine chirurgische Behandlung für sie als ungeeignet oder wenig hilfreich eingeschätzt wurde. Bei der abschließenden Untersuchung wurde eine Kohortenintegrität von 96% gewahrt. Rücken-, Gesäßbacken- und Beinschmerzen wurden verglichen und mittels Oswestry Disability Index, Patient Satisfaction Scoring Scale, Visual Analogue Pain Scale und Target Achievement Score (für Patienten) ausgewertet. Bei einem Richtwert von 〉 50 des Oswestry Disability Index als Maß für gute/sehr gute Ergebnisse übertrafen diese Marke 55% der Patienten bezüglich Rückenschmerzen, 52% bezüglich Gesäßbackenschmerzen und 53% bezüglich Beinschmerzen. Bei Patienten mit einer vorangegangenen Operation waren die entsprechende Zahlen 51%, 33% und 29%. Diese Ergebnisse zeigen, daß die endoskopische Laser-Foraminoplastie ein Mittel mit sehr geringem Aufwand darstellt zur Untersuchung der extraforaminalen Region, des Foramens und des Epiduralraumes und zur Diskektomie, Osteophytektomie und Neurolyse. Das Verfahren bietet den prophylaktischen Vorteil der foraminalen Unterschneidung; es ist zugleich eine vielversprechende Methode, um Schmerzen nach „Failed-back-Chirurgie“, Rückenschmerzen sowie Hüftbeschwerden unbestimmter Ursache zu eruieren und zu behandeln. Die Schmerzquelle läßt sich damit besser identifizieren und lokalisieren. Mit der endoskopischen Laser-Foraminoplastie wird die mit der offenen Wirbelsäulenchirurgie verbundene Morbidität vermieden. Das Verfahren ermöglicht eine gewebeschonende (punktuelle) Neurolyse – ohne extensive Exploration bzw. Fusion. Laufende Verbesserungen in der (Geräte)ausstattung werden zu breiterer Anwendung und zu noch besseren Ergebnissen führen.
    Notes: Aware-state surgery has been used in this unit to identify the source of spinal pain in over 2500 patients as part of a process termed “viviprudence”. This process consists of clinical analysis, dynamic radiology and scanning tested by differential discography, endoscopy and patient feedback. This replaces guesswork with sighted diagnosis and allows keyhole tissue-preserving techniques to be used not only for the treatment of compressive radiculopathy but also for back pain, failed back syndrome, perineural scarring, multilevel degenerative disc disease, lateral recess stenosis and dynamic listhesis. This has led to the identification of new pathology and the refinement of the inclusion criteria for laser disc decompression and endoscopic laser foraminoplasty. Since 1994, an endoscopic system has been developed to explore the intervertebral foramen and epidural space via the postero-lateral route. The system has been used to address lateral recess stenosis, epidural scarring, osteophytosis, settlement, listhesis, disc extrusion and sequestration and failed back syndrome. The objective has been the endoscopic aware-state definition of the source of pain with decompression of the foramen, mobilisation and neurolysis of the exiting and transiting nerves and ablation of osteophytes and other causes of failed back syndrome confirmed endoscopically. This prospective study involved day-case endoscopic laser foraminoplasty performed on 101 men, and 99 women with an average age of 56 years (range, 22–83 years). They were followed for an average period of 34 months (range, 26–43 months). The average preoperative duration of symptoms was 5.6 years (range, 5–11 years). A total of 46 patients had had one to four previous open operations, and 14 patients were on narcotic analgesics prior to surgery. At other centres, 106 of these patients were evaluated and open surgical procedures were not deemed appropriate or likely to benefit. A cohort integrity of 96% was maintained at the final follow-up. Back, buttock and leg pain were separately compared and analysed using the Oswestry Disability Index, a patient satisfaction scoring scale, a visual analogue pain scale and a patient target achievement score. Using an Oswestry Disability Index of 50 or more to determine good and excellent outcomes, 55% of patients exceeded this score for back pain, 52% for buttock pain and 53% for leg pain. In patients with one prior operation, the corresponding figures were 51%, 33% and 29%. These results indicate that endoscopic laser foraminoplasty provides a minimalist means of exploring the extraforaminal zone, the foramen and the epidural space and performing discectomy, osteophytectomy and neurolysis. It incorporates the prophylactic advantage of foraminal undercutting and provides a promising means of identifying and treating the pain of failed back surgery and back pain and sciatica of indeterminate origin. It serves to identify and localise the source of pain generation. Endoscopic laser foraminoplasty avoids the morbidity associated with open spinal surgery and serves as a useful means of effecting keyhole neurolysis without extensive exploration and fusion. Current improvements in equipment promise wider application and more encouraging results in the future.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 23.20Lv ; 27.60+j ; 21.20Re
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Partial level scheme of the neutron deficient111Sn isotope is established upto an excitation energy of about 9 MeV and Iπ=43/2− from γ-rays following103Rh(12C, p3n) reaction. Clear evidence for the existence of a negative parity rotational band aboveγ=23/2−, most probably based on 3p-2h configuration, is obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 27.60.+j ; 23.20. Lv ; 21.60. Ev
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The level structure of104Ag has been studied through the103Rh (α, 3nγ) reaction at Eα=40 and 45 MeV. The principal features of the proposed level scheme are in agreement with those obtained earlier through heavy ion reaction. Two quasiparttcle-plus-rotor model calculation has been performed, and the results are compared with experimental data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of theoretical probability 8 (1995), S. 417-432 
    ISSN: 1572-9230
    Keywords: Discrete-parameter martingales ; discrete-parameter Markov processes ; Hermite polynomials
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We investigate, for a given martingaleM={M n: n≥0}, the conditions for the existence of polynomialsP(·,·) of two variables, “time” and “space,” and of arbitrary degree in the latter, such that{P(n, M n)} is a martingale for the natural filtration ofM. Denoting by ℘ the vector space of all such polynomials, we ask, in particular, when such a sequence can be chosen so as to span ℘. A complete necessary and sufficient condition is obtained in the case whenM has independent increments. For generalM, we obtain a necessary condition which entails, under mild additional hypotheses, thatM is necessarily Markovian. Considering a slightly more general class of polynomials than ℘ we obtain necessary and sufficient conditions in the case of general martingales also. It is moreover observed that in most of the cases, the set ℘ determines the law of the martingale in a certain sense.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 203 (1996), S. 331-351 
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Present status of work on charge and mass distribution in medium energy fission of compound nuclei produced using various target projectile combinations is reviewed. Systematics of charge distribution parameters and their dependence on excitation energy of the fissioning nucleus is presented. Variation of mass distribution with excitation energy and mass and charge of the fissioning nucleus is discussed. Qualitative explanation of the data has been sought in terms of existing theories of fission. The importance of charge and mass distribution studies in identifying the different reaction mechanisms in heavy ion induced reaction is highlighted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 214 (1996), S. 399-409 
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract This paper discusses the diffusion of Cs+ and Zn2+ ions through Nafion-117 cation exchange membrane using radiotracer technique. The validity of the Donnan's equation is checked for these ions using65Zn and137Cs radiotracers. The paper also discusses the diffusion of Cl− and I− anions studied by using36Cl and131I radiotracers. The probable mechanism of diffusion of these anions in the presence of Zn2+ cations is suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 35 (1997), S. 771-776 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: Nafion ; positron annihilation ; free volume ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: We report a new result on positron annihilation studies in acid- and cation-neutralized (Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, UO22+, Ni2+) Nafion membranes using positron lifetime and Doppler-broadened annihilation radiation (DBAR) measurements. The free-volume structure is characterized using a simple quantum mechanical model of positronium (Ps) in a spherical well. Our studies indicate that formation and expansion of clusters is always associated with a change in free-volume structure resulting in smaller free-volume holes. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 35: 771-776, 1997
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 36 (1998), S. 983-989 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: positron annihilation ; free-volume ; Nafion ; free-volume size distribution ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: We report a new result of free-volume hole size distribution in water and ethanol-swollen Nafion-117 polymer. With the increase in water content, free-volume hole size decreases, but overall the volume fraction increases. The hole size distribution in dry polymer is seen to be distinctly different from hydrated membranes. The narrow and symmetric distribution in hydrated membrane as compared to dry membrane is believed to be a consequence of crosslinking due to cluster formation. In alcohol-swollen membranes, on the other hand, not only are the free-volume size and fraction seen to be higher, the hole size distribution is seen to be broader compared to dry or hydrated membranes, indicating the effect of penetration of alcohol into the hydrophobic backbone region. We have also examined our results vis-a-vis reported gas diffusion studies in Nafion in the framework of existing free-volume model. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 36: 983-989, 1998
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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