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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 104 (1996), S. 3774-3781 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We use Monte Carlo methods to investigate the end-to-end distance distribution and entropic elasticity of self-avoiding walks in a three-dimensional half-space with both ends adsorbed on the limiting surface. The obtained distributions are well described by the Redner–des Cloizeaux (RdC) ansatz q(x)=Cxθ exp(−(Kx)t), x being the rescaled length. Using the recent solution of the junction affine model for networks of RdC springs we apply the results to the cytoskeleton of the red blood cell (RBC), a two-dimensional network of spectrin molecules which is attached to the inner surface of the erythrocyte membrane. The shear moduli predicted for a noninteracting surface are in close agreement with simulation results by Boal for a bead–spring model of the spectrin network. Moreover, we calculate stress–strain relations for finite deformations. In particular for a network which is fully adsorbed on the bilayer we find a strongly nonlinear elastic response. Our results suggest that the elastic properties of RBCs cannot be obtained within the usual Gaussian models and depend sensitively on the degree of adsorption of the spectrin network. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    New technology, work and employment 11 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-005X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) for communication between different corporate computer systems was expected to transform relationships between firms. However, this detailed study of three sectors of the UK publishing industry—the book trade; the magazine and newspaper trade; and newsprint supply to newspapers—found that EDI developed in a slow and incremental manner. This calls into question the radical visions of proponents of business network redesign.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Malden, MA, USA : Blackwell Science, Inc.
    Birth 24 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1523-536X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The purpose of this study was to produce a minimum estimate of the prevalence of episiotomy use in Canada, and to investigate the trend in its use between 1981/1982 and 1993/1994. 〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Method: A retrospective population case series study was conducted using hospital discharge abstracts. Outcome measures were the count of episiotomies performed during a 12-month period and the episiotomy rate per 100 vaginal births. 〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Results: For more than a decade, official statistics have significantly underreported episiotomy use by as much as 50 percent. In 1993/1994 at least 37.7 percent of women giving birth vaginally in Canada are known to have received an episiotomy. Between 1981/1982 and 1993/1994 its prevalence declined 29.1 percent, with the greatest decline occurring during the 1990s. This decline did not result from changes in parity in the population. The decrease in episiotomy use during this 13-year period is more than twice that found in the United States (a decline of only 13.6%). 〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusions: The reporting of official statistics on obstetric procedures in Canada should be modified to include all known cases of episiotomy. The observed downward trend in the rate of this procedure is encouraging, and is in the direction of evidence-based recommendations advocating its restrictive use. (BIRTH 24:3, September 1997)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Malden, MA, USA : Blackwell Science, Inc.
    Birth 24 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1523-536X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of contemporary hospitality management 11 (1999), S. 198-208 
    ISSN: 0959-6119
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This article presents the results of a project undertaken to increase the effectiveness of decision makingat the property level in the Europe, Middle East, Africa division of an international hotel chain. The objective of the project was to provide the basis for a more informed approach to routine financialplanning and control decisions of property management teams with the aim of enhancing operational profitability. The techniques used to underpin the framework are evaluated in relation to their practical application in the decision-making process and the rationale and method of implementation of the management development programme is explained.The framework was approved by the company's management board for implementation throughout the division and feedback from property management and assessment of financial results suggest the approach has made a significant contribution to profit improvement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Key words: Acyl-CoA oxidase ; Arabidopsis (β-oxidation) ; Beta-oxidation ; Gene expression ; Lauric acid ; Medium-chain thioesterase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Leaves from transgenic Brassica napus L. plants engineered to produce lauric acid show increased levels of enzyme activities of the pathways associated with fatty acid catabolism (V.A. Eccleston and J.B. Ohlrogge, 1998, Plant Cell 10: 613–621). In order to determine if the increases in enzyme activity are mirrored by increases in the expression of genes encoding enzymes of β-oxidation, which is the major pathway of fatty acid catabolism in plants, the medium-chain acyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) thioesterase MCTE from California bay (Umbellularia californica) was over-expressed under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter in Arabidopsisthaliana (L.) Heynh. Arabidopsis was the most suitable choice for these studies since gene expression could be analyzed in a large number of independent MCTE-expressing lines using already well-characterized β-oxidation genes. Levels of MCTE transcripts in leaves varied widely over the population of plants analyzed. Furthermore, active MCTE was produced as determined by enzymatic analysis of leaf extracts of MCTE-expressing plants. These plants incorporated laurate into triacylglycerol of seeds, but not into lipids of leaves as shown by gas-chromatographic analysis of total fatty acid extracts. The expression levels of the β-oxidation and other genes that are highly expressed during developmental stages involving rapid fatty acid degradation were measured. No significant difference in gene expression was observed among MCTE-expressing plants and transgenic and non-transgenic controls. To eliminate the possibility that post-translational mechanisms are responsible for the observed increases in enzyme activity acyl-CoA oxidase activity was also measured in leaves of MCTE-expressing plants using medium and long chain acyl-CoA substrates. No significant increases in either medium- or long-chain acyl-CoA oxidase activities were detected. We conclude that endogenous β-oxidation is sufficient to account for the complete degradation of laurate produced in rosette leaves of Arabidopsis expressing MCTE.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Glycolysis ; Transcriptional activation ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Chromatin structure ; Glucose induction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Current genetics 30 (1996), S. 93-100 
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Key words Yeast ; Transcription ; URS
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The promoter of the RAP1 gene contains four potential binding sites for Rap1p, located between the UAS and the RNA initiation site. We have confirmed that three of these sites are recognised by Rap1p in vitro. Different combinations of the three sites were then mutated to abolish Rap1p binding, and the effect of these mutations on promoter activity was determined. When all three Rap1p sites were mutated, the activity of the promoter increased by about 130%, indicating that at least one of the sites is a negative element. Analysis of promoters with different combinations of the mutant sites revealed that the 5′-most site (A) is the principal target for repression. To test the involvement of Rap1p in controlling RAP1 expression, we have measured transcription of the chromosomal RAP1 gene in a RAP1 wild-type strain and two strains containing rap1 ts mutations. At a semi-permissive temperature, the RAP1 promoter was more active in the rap1 ts strains than in the RAP1 wild-type strain, suggesting that expression of the chromosomal RAP1 gene is greater when the activity of Rap1p in the cell is compromised. The activities of the wild-type promoter, and the promoter with mutations in the three Rap1p-binding sites, were compared in sir1, sir2, sir3 and sir4 mutant strains. In each case, the mutated promoter was significantly more active than the wild-type promoter, implying that the repression mechanism is not dependent on any one of the SIR gene products.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) ; Malate synthase ; Glyoxylate cycle ; Gene transcription ; Metabolic regulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The malate synthase gene (ms) promoter in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) was investigated with the aim of distinguishing DNA sequences mediating regulation of gene expression by sugar, and expression following seed germination. Promoter deletions were constructed and their ability to direct expression of theβ-glucuronidase (gus) reporter gene was investigated in transgenicNicotiana plumbaginifolia. Gene expression was assayed in germinating seeds and developing seedlings (the germination response) and in seedlings transferred from light into darkness with and without sucrose (the sugar response). As progressively more of the promoter was deleted from the 5′ end, first the sugar response and then the germination response was lost. Thus, distinct regions of the promoter are required for carbohydrate control and for regulation of gene expression in response to germination. Sequence comparisons of thems promoter with that of the isocitrate lyase gene (icl) of cucumber have previously identified four IMH (ICL-MS Homology) sequences. One such sequence, IMH2, is shown here to be implicated in the sugar response of thems gene. The 17 bp sequence, which when deleted from thems gene results in loss of the germination response, contains a 14 bp sequence which is similar to a sequence in theicl promoter, which we refer to as IMH5. Furthermore, this sequence has similarity withamdI9-like sequences in filamentous fungi, which conferfacB-mediated acetate inducibility on several genes, including those encoding ICL and MS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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