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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mutations affecting pigmentation and shape of the adult zebrafish (1996)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 206 (1996), S. 260-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Key words Pigment pattern ; Fin ; Fish skeleton ; Tyrosinase ; Zebrafish
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Mutations causing a visible phenotype in the adult serve as valuable visible genetic markers in multicellular genetic model organisms such as Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans and Arabidopsis thaliana. In a large scale screen for mutations affecting early development of the zebrafish, we identified a number of mutations that are homozygous viable or semiviable. Here we describe viable mutations which produce visible phenotypes in the adult fish. These predominantly affect the fins and pigmentation, but also the eyes and body length of the adult. A number of dominant mutations caused visible phenotypes in the adult fish. Mutations in three genes, long fin, another long fin and wanda affected fin formation in the adult. Four mutations were found to cause a dominant reduction of the overall body length in the adult. The adult pigment pattern was found to be changed by dominant mutations in wanda, asterix, obelix, leopard, salz and pfeffer. Among the recessive mutations producing visible phenotypes in the homozygous adult, a group of mutations that failed to produce melanin was assayed for tyrosinase activity. Mutations in sandy produced embryos that failed to express tyrosinase activity. These are potentially useful for using tyrosinase as a marker for the generation of transgenic lines of zebrafish.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004270050051
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anatomic basis of the lower trapezius musculocutaneous flap (1996)
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 18 (1996), S. 257-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Trapezius muscle ; Blood supply ; Lower trapezius flap
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des différences significatives existent dans la description de la vascularisation de la partie inférieure du m. trapèze (“trapèze inférieur“), notamment du fait que ces descriptions ont été basées sur un très petit nombre de cas. Notre travail est basé sur l'étude de 70 sujets. Un rameau trapézien naissant de l'a. scapulaire dorsale a été retrouvé de façon constante. L'origine de l'a. scapulaire dorsale est toutefois variable : dans 45 % des cas, il s'agit d'une branche directe provenant soit de l'a. subclavière, soit du tronc costo-cervical. Dans les 55 % des cas restants, l'a. scapulaire dorsale constitue différents troncs avec l'a. cervicale superficielle et/ou l'a. suprascapulaire, l'a. subclavière, le tronc thyro-cervical, ou de l'a. thoracique interne. Des aa. perforantes musculo-cutanées participent également à la vascularisation du “trapèze inférieur” et de la peau sus-jacente. En conséquence, la partie inférieure du m. trapèze a une vascularisation de type V de Mathes et Nahai. Ainsi, le lambeau musculo-cutané du trapèze inférieur mérite une place de choix dans les reconstructions cervico-céphaliques.
    Notes: Summary Differences in the description of the blood supply of the lower trapezius m. and the fact that all former findings are based on very few cases caused us to reinvestigate the arterial supply of the lower trapezius m. Based on the anatomic investigation of 70 human cadavers, the trapezial branch of the dorsal scapular a. was found to be the constant vessel to the lower trapezius m. The origin of the dorsal scapular a., however, was found to be very variable. In 45% it was a direct branch of either the subclavian a. or the costocervical trunk. In the remaining 55% the dorsal scapular a. formed different trunks with the superficial cervical a. and/or supras-capular a. branching off either the subclavian a., the thyrocervical trunk, or the internal thoracic a. Additional segmental musculocutaneous perforators also supply the lower part of the trapezius m. and the overlying skin. Consequently, the lower or ascending part of the trapezius m. has a vascular pattern type V. Thus, the lower trapezius musculocutaneous flap merits consideration in head and neck reconstruction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01627601
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Layers of semiflexible chain molecules endgrafted at interfaces: An off-lattice Monte Carlo simulation (1995)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 102 (1995), S. 2960-2969 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A coarse-grained model for surfactant chain molecules at interfaces in the high density regime is studied using an off-lattice Monte Carlo technique. The surfactant molecules are modeled as chains consisting of a small number (e.g., seven) of effective monomers. For the modeling of lipid monolayers, each effective monomer is thought to represent several CH2 groups of the alkane chain, but applications of the model to other polymers end grafted at solid surfaces also should be possible. The head segments are restricted to move in the adsorption plane, but otherwise do not differ from the effective monomers, which all interact with Lennard-Jones potentials. Bond angle and bond length potentials take into account chain connectivity and chain stiffness. The advantage of this crude model is that its phase diagram can be studied in detail. Temperature scans show two phase transitions, a tilting transition at low temperatures between a tilted and an untilted phase, and a melting transition at high temperatures where the lattice of head groups loses its crystalline order. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.468604
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuum Monte Carlo simulation at constant pressure of stiff chain molecules at surfaces (1996)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 105 (1996), S. 3859-3867 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Continuum Monte Carlo simulations at constant pressure are performed on short chain molecules at surfaces. The rodlike chains, consisting of seven effective monomers, are attached at one end to a flat two dimensional substrate. It is found that the model exhibits phases similar to the liquid condensed and liquid expanded phases of Langmuir monolayers. The model is investigated here for a wide range of pressures and temperatures using a special form of constant pressure simulation compatible with the symmetry breaking during tilting transitions in the liquid condensed phases. At low pressures, the chains undergo a tilting transition exhibiting tilt directions towards nearest and also next nearest neighbors depending on temperature. At elevated temperatures and low pressure the film enters a fluidlike phase similar to the liquid expanded phase observed in experiment. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.472206
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A nonlinear dynamic model of relaxation oscillations in tokamaks (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 6 (1999), S. 2380-2392 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Tokamaks exhibit several types of relaxation oscillations such as sawteeth, fishbones and Edge Localized Modes (ELMs) under appropriate conditions. Several authors have introduced model nonlinear dynamic systems with a small number of degrees of freedom which can illustrate the generic characteristics of such oscillations. In these models, one focuses on physically "relevant" degrees of freedom, without attempting to simulate all the myriad details of the fundamentally nonlinear tokamak phenomena. Such degrees of freedom often involve the plasma macroscopic quantities such as pressure or density and also some measure of the plasma turbulence, which is thought to control transport. In addition, "coherent" modes may be involved in the dynamics of relaxation, as well as radial electric fields, sheared flows, etc. In the present work, an extension of an earlier sawtooth model (which involved only two degrees of freedom) due to the authors is presented. The dynamical consequences of a pressure-driven "coherent" mode, which interacts with the turbulence in a specific manner, are investigated. Varying only the two parameters related to the coherent mode, the bifurcation properties of the system have been studied. These turn out to be remarkably rich and varied and qualitatively similar to the behavior found experimentally in actual tokamaks. The dynamic model presented involves only continuous nonlinearities and is the simplest known to the authors that can yield features such as sawteeth, "compound sawteeth" with partial crashes, "monster" sawteeth, metastability, intermittency, chaos, periodic and "grassy" ELMing in appropriate regions of parameter space. The results suggest that linear stability analysis of systems, while useful in elucidating instability drives, can be misleading in understanding the dynamics of nonlinear systems over time scales much longer than linear growth times and states far from stable equilibria. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.873509
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tailoring of electron energy distributions in low-pressure inductive discharges (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 74 (1999), S. 338-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Assuming a background Maxwellian electron distribution, the effects of adding an energetic tail upon the electron temperature and density in an inductive low-pressure argon discharge are investigated theoretically. The principal effect of the tail is to modify the rate constants for ionization, excitation, and momentum transfer. Using particle and energy conservation, the possibility of suppressing the electron temperature and increasing the electron density is demonstrated. It is found that under typical conditions of operation the electron temperature can be decreased from 2.5 to 1.5 eV, and the electron density increased by at least a factor of 2.4. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.123064
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Generalized analysis of the use of induction loop probes in azimuthally symmetric inductively coupled plasma sources (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 82 (1997), S. 3612-3614 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Using B-dot probes Meyer et al. [J. Appl. Phys. 79, 1298 (1996)] have described a method for calculating the azimuthal current, electric field, plasma permittivity, and electron density in a planar inductively coupled plasma source. They assume the phases associated with the time rate of change of the radial and axial field components to be the same. Furthermore, they restrict their analysis to the situation where the phase is independent of radius. We demonstrate that the phases for the two field directions are different. The subsequent modified forms for the plasma properties considered by Meyer et al. are presented. We also show that their procedure can be extended to cover phases which are an arbitrary function of position, and for completeness, give forms for the generalized plasma properties. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.365680
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Iatrogene Großzehnekrose nach belassener Blutsperre – klinischer Verlauf und Rekonstruktion (1999)
    Springer
    Der Chirurg 70 (1999), S. 608-610 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Finger tourniquet ; Ischemia ; Free flap ; Toe reconstruction. ; Schlüsselwörter: Blutsperre ; Ischämie ; freier Lappen ; Zehrekonstruktion.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Es wird von einer jungen Patientin berichtet, die sich einer Keilexcision an der Großzehe unterzog. Postoperativ wurde vergessen, die Blutsperre zu entfernen. Auf Grund einer zweitägigen Ischämie kam es zur Nekrose eines Großteils der Weichteile. Nach langer konservativer Therapie wurden auch Knochen und Knorpelanteile nekrotisch. Die Arbeit soll die Notwendigkeit eines frühzeitigen chirurgischen Vorgehens hervorheben sowie die Behandlung dieser seltenen Komplikation von der Erstdiagnose bis zur Rekonstruktion darstellen.
    Notes: Summary. We present a necrosis of the big toe in a 20-year-old woman with an ingrowing toenail after wedge-shaped excision in the big toe. The reason for the necrosis was a tourniquet that was left in place after the operation. The ischemia, which lasted for 2 days, resulted in subtotal necrosis of the big toe. Six weeks after the operation the patient underwent microsurgical reconstruction. This is a report on the treatment of this complication from the beginning. Early surgical intervention is advocated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001040050696
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recurring angular distribution patterns in resonant heavy-ion reactions (1999)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 4 (1999), S. 239-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: PACS: 25.70.Ef Resonances – 25.70.Hi Transfer reactions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: It has been noticed that a distinct resemblance exists at large angles among angular distributions measured for reaction channels at the energies of some resonance-like structures in the 12C+12C and 14C+16O systems. It is pointed out that such forms are typical of a diffraction pattern of a broad band of coherent partial waves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100500050226
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