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  • 1995-1999  (4)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective To assess the degree and nature of women's involvement in the decision to deliver by caesarean section, and women's satisfaction with this involvement.Design Observational study.Setting The maternity unit in a large teaching hospital.Sample One hundred and sixty-six women undergoing caesarean section.Methods Interviews with the women on the third or fourth day postpartum, questionnaires sent to the women at 6 weeks and at 12 weeks postpartum, and extraction of information from the women's medical records.Main outcome measures Women's knowledge, satisfaction, and involvement in making the decision concerning their caesarean section.Results The majority of the women were satisfied with the information they received during pregnancy on caesarean section and with their involvement in making the decision, but the proportions were significantly higher for elective than emergency sections. For 7% of the women, maternal preference for caesarean section was a direct factor in making the decision. Just over half of the 166 women reported that they were not debriefed on the reasons for their caesarean section before their discharge from hospital. Almost a third of the women undergoing emergency caesarean section expressed negative feelings towards their delivery, compared with 13% of those undergoing elective caesarean sections.Conclusion Women are not a homogeneous group in terms of their requirements for information, nor their desire to be involved in the decision on mode of delivery. Health professionals need to be responsive to this variability and to agree on standards for communicating with women during pregnancy about the possibility of operative delivery and for debriefing women after caesarean section. sarean section, and women's satisfaction with this involvement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 103 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective To determine how diet of the mother in pregnancy influences the blood pressure of the offspring in adult life.Design A follow up study of men and women born during 1948–1954 whose mothers had taken part in a survey of diet in late pregnancy.Setting Aberdeen, Scotland.Population Two hundred and fifty-three men and women born in Aberdeen Maternity Hospital.Main outcome measure Systolic and diastolic blood pressure.Results The relations between the diet of mothers and their offsprings' blood pressure were complex. When the mothers' intake of animal protein was less than 50 g daily, a higher carbohydrate intake was associated with a higher blood pressure in the offspring (a 100 g increase in carbohydrate being associated with a 3 mmHg increase in systolic pressure (P= 0.02)). At daily animal protein intakes above 50 g, lower Carbohydrate intake was associated with higher blood pressure (a 100 g decrease in carbohydrate being associated with an 11 mmHg rise in systolic blood pressure (P= 0.004)). These increases in blood pressure were associated with decreased placental size.Conclusion Mothers' intakes of animal protein and carbohydrate in late pregnancy may influence their offsprings' adult blood pressure. This may be mediated through effects on placental growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 78 (1996), S. 243-252 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Leguminosae ; denodulation ; defoliation ; compensatory growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A laboratory study was conducted to determine the effects of defoliation and denodulation on compensatory growth of Medicago sativa (L.). Plants grown hydroponically in clear plastic growth pouches were subjected to 0 and 50% nodule pruning, and 0, 25, 50, and 75% defoliation by clipping trifoliate leaves. An additional experiment was conducted to determine if clipping leaves simulated herbivory by Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) larvae. Previously, we determined that nodule pruning accurately simulated herbivory by Sitona hispidulus (L.) larvae (Quinn & Hall, 1992). Results indicated that denodulation stimulated nodule growth and caused exact compensation in standing and total number of nodules per plant within 15 days and in standing nodule biomass within 22 days of treatment. Denodulation caused a significant reduction (13%) in final shoot biomass, but did not affect significantly final root biomass. Percentage of change in number of trifoliate leaves per plant increased with the level of defoliation. Within 22 days of treatment, total number of trifoliate leaves per plant was similar to controls. However, final standing shoot biomasses were significantly less that controls, indicating undercompensatory growth. Shoot biomasses of the 25-, 50-, and 75%-defoliated plants were 18, 20, and 36% lower than controls, respectively. Nodule biomass per plant was reduced by 24 and 32% in 50- and 75%-defoliated plants, respectively, but was not affected significantly by 25% defoliation. Root biomass was affected by all levels of defoliation. Clipping trifoliate leaves accurately simulated defoliation by H. postica larvae. Our results indicated that partial defoliation affected shoot, root, and nodule biomass of M. sativa, but that partial denodulation only affected shoot biomass.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-2649
    Keywords: Health status ; menorrhagia ; reliability ; validity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A patient-administered questionnaire for menorrhagia based on the type of questions asked when taking a gynaecological history was developed and tested using the following steps: literature reviews, devising the questions, testing responses for internal consistency and test-retest reliability and validating the questionnaire by comparing patient's scores with their responses to the SF-36 general health measure, and with family practitioner perceptions of severity. The main sample consisted of 351 women with menorrhagia, 246 referred to gynaecology ambulatory clinics and 105 from four large training practices in North-east Scotland. Following testing, two questions were discarded from the questionnaire. The final questionnaire demonstrated a good level of reliability and the resulting patient scores correlated significantly with their scores on the scales making up the general health measure. The questions asked in taking a clinical history from a woman with menorrhagia can be used to construct a valid and reliable measure of health status. This clinical measure may be a useful guide in selection for treatment and in the assessment of patient outcome following treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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