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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Predictability of Large Earthquakes: Evidence from an Analogue Model of Earthquake Rupture (1998)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 152 (1998), S. 23-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Key words: Analogue model, large earthquakes, recurrence behaviour, lognormal distribution.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract —The recurrence behaviour of large earthquakes, in several tectonic settings, has been explained by simple models of stress accumulation and release which assume that the fault stress state is solely a function of the far-field tectonic strain rate. However, the limited dataset of large event recurrence intervals has been a major obstacle to the verification of these and other models. We present the results from a simple analogue model of earthquake rupture and stick-slip which displays power-law frequency-size statistics and involves many cycles of large events. We show that, despite the macroscopic homogeneity of the model, large events do not conform to simple deterministic time- or slip-predictable patterns. However, when the recurrence intervals for large events are divided by the median recurrence interval, the normalized data are composed of two distinct lognormally distributed populations. One population is characterized by events which are strongly clustered in time with relatively short recurrence intervals and low moment release, the other by events which are weakly clustered in time with median-sized recurrence intervals. It is suggested that the long-term recurrence behaviour of large earthquakes, whilst being non-deterministic, may be modelled by a well-defined statistical distribution of recurrence intervals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000240050139
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A stringent new limit on bursts from nearby galaxies (1995)
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 231 (1995), S. 453-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract If typical gamma-ray bursts [GRBs] have X-ray counterparts similar to those detected byGinga, then sensitive focusing X-ray telescopes will be able to detect GRBs three orders of magnitude fainter than the detection limit of the Burst and Transient Spectroscopy Experiment [BATSE]. If a substantial portion of the burst population detected byBATSE originates in a Galactic halo at distances greater than or equal to 150 kpc, existing X-ray telescopes will be able to detect GRBs in external galaxies out to a distance of at least 4.5 Mpc. As reported in Hamilton, Gotthelf and Helfand (1995) the Imaging Proportional counter [IPC] on board theEINSTEIN Observatory detected 42 transient events with pointlike spatial characteristics and timescales of less than 10 seconds. These events are distributed isotropically on the sky; in particular, they are not concentrated in the directions of nearby external galaxies. For halo models of theBATSE bursts with radii of 150 kpc or greater, we would expect to see several burst events in observations pointed towards nearby galaxies. We see none. We therefore conclude that if theGinga detections are representative of the population of GRBs sampled byBATSE, GRBs cannot originate in a Galactic halo population with limiting radii between 150 kpc and 400 kpc. Inasmuch as halos with limiting radii outside of this range have been excluded by theBATSE isotropy measurements, our result indicates that all halo models are excluded. This result is independent of whether the flashes we do detect have an astronomical origin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00658669
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Advanced Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: 1998 Consensus Statements (1999)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 10 (1999), S. 87-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: CA 125 ; consensus ; management ; ovarian cancer ; prognostic factors ; second-line treatment ; surgery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: During an international workshop held in September 1998, a group of specialists in the field of ovarian cancer reached consensus on a number of issues with implications for standard practice and for research of advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. Methods: Five groups of experts considered several issues which included: biologic factors, prognostic factors, surgery, initial chemotherapy, second-line treatment, the use of CA 125, investigational drugs, intra-peritoneal treatment and high-dose chemotherapy. The group attempted to arrive at answers to questions such as: Are there prognostic factors, which help to identify patients who will not do well with current therapy? What is the current best therapy for advanced ovarian carcinoma? What directions should research take in advanced ovarian cancer? These issues were discussed in a plenary meeting. Results: One of the major conclusions drawn by the consensus committee was that in previously untreated advanc ed ovarian cancer, cisplatin plus paclitaxel has been shown to be superior to previous standard therapy with cisplatin plus cyclophosphamide (level I evidence). However, for many patients, carboplatin plus paclitaxel is a reasonable alternative because of toxicity and convenience considerations. Most participants felt that the benefits in terms of toxicity for the paclitaxel-carboplatin are such that its widespread adoption at this stage is justified. Until mature survival data are available a minority of investigators would recommend continued use of cisplatin plus paclitaxel, specifically for those patients with advanced disease with the best prognostic characteristics. For future clinical research in this area, new end points for randomised clinical trials, together with a new Trials Network, are proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008323922057
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New Non-cytotoxic Approaches to Ovarian Cancer (1999)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 10 (1999), S. 65-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: drug resistance ; genetic therapy ; immunotherapy ; metalloproteinase inhibitors ; radioconjugates ; signal transduction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two recent examples of conventional cytotoxic drugs, taxoids and topo I inhibitors, are set to make a real impact in the treatment of ovarian cancer. However, further progress may depend on novel approaches, focusing on other targets. This review will concentrate on those approaches which have already led to the initiation of clinical trials: agents designed to circumvent cellular drug resistance, signal transduction inhibitors, new hormonal agents, matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors, immunotherapy, immunotoxins and radioconjugates, and intraperitoneal genetic therapy, including the use of replicating viruses. In some cases, early clinical data are encouraging, but ultimately combined treatment with conventional agents may make most impact.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008315603401
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Basic Research: How Much do we Know, and What are we Likely to Learn About Ovarian Cancer in the Near Future? (1999)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 10 (1999), S. 69-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: BRCA1 ; experimental mod ; ovarian tumours ; ROSE ; suppressor genes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The scientific community, which studies ovarian cancer in the laboratory, is making progress in understanding many aspects of the disease. At present there is evidence that the cancer prone ovary has a preneoplastic phenotype. These genetic changes may constitute a surrogate intermediate end-point biomarker of cancer risk, which might be altered by preventive measures. Studies that aim at understanding the genetic basis of the disease are reviewed. Many of these studies use clinical ovarian cancer samples. To augment study of clinical specimens, an experimental system has been developed where malignancy is induced in the rat ovarian surface epithelium (ROSE). This system markedly facilitates examination of how genes fit into the ovarian cancer puzzle. The problem of drug resistance in ovarian cancer has received considerable attention. Although the functional changes responsible for resistance have been identified there has been little progress in identifying the actual g enes capable of conferring the substantial resistance seen in cell lines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008367620240
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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