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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 30 (1998), S. 397-406 
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Keywords: reaction coefficient ; accommodation coefficient ; nitrogen dioxide ; nitrous acid ; heterogeneous reactions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The reaction coefficients of nitrogen dioxide and nitrous acid with monodisperse sodium chloride and ammonium sulphate aerosols have been measured in a flow reactor at atmospheric pressure. These experiments were performed at relative humidities above and below the deliquescence points of both aerosols (r.h. 50 and 85%) at 279 K. The results for NO2 afford a reaction coefficient in the range (2.8–10) × 10-4 and for HONO, (2.8–4.6) × 10-3. For both species, there appears to be an enhancement of the reaction coefficient on sodium chloride aerosol at 50% r.h. The results are compared with reaction coefficients determined by other experimental methods. A good agreement is found for both gases between this method and the coated denuder method previously developed in our research laboratories (Msibi et al., 1993) and with the majority of other published data for NO2. In the case of HONO, our estimate of reaction coefficient is smaller than, or at the lower limits of the ranges reported by other published studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 10 (1996), S. 69-73 
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: trimethyl-lead ; reference material ; homogeneity ; stability ; rainwater ; road dust ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This study was conducted to develop certified reference materials containing trimethyl-lead (TriML) in environmental matrices. A detailed description of the process to prepare candidate artificial rainwater and road dust reference materials, which includes pretreatment, homogenization and bottling procedures, is described. The homogeneity was assessed by comparing the variations within a bottle and between different bottles. The results demonstrated that the distribution of TriML in the same material is homogeneous. The stability of TriML in these materials was verified on the day of preparation and after 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. The results showed no significant difference between the initial TriML concentration and the concentration after 12 months' storage in candidate artificial rainwater kept at room temperature and in road dust stored at -20°C and 4°C, based on a statistical analysis of the results. At 37°C, however, TriML was shown to be unstable: this highlighted the need to store the materials in the dark, preferably at 4°C. TriML in both of the candidate reference materials was hence concluded to be stable for at least 12 months under the appropriate storage conditions.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 10 (1996), S. 773-778 
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: alkyl-lead ; octanol- ; water partition coefficient ; Kow ; water solubility ; vapour pressure ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Physico-chemical properties of alkyl-lead compounds, namely aqueous solubility, octanol-water partition coefficient (Kow), vapour pressure and Henry's Law constant, have been determined. Vapour pressures of trialkyl-lead salts at different temperatures were measured by a gas-saturation technique in which air was passed slowly through a glass column packed with pure solid alkyl-lead compounds. Kow of tetra-alkyl-lead (TAL) and trialkyl-lead (TriAL) were determined under different salinity and pH conditions, and the latter were related to the species (R3Pb+, R3PbOH0 or R3PbCl0) dominating under a particular set of conditions. Regression calculations incorporating melting point corrections relate water solubility to Kow, and provide a means of estimating either parameter for a wider range of compounds.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 11 (1997), S. 889-901 
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: alkyl-lead ; atmosphere ; phase partitioning ; wet deposition ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Measurements of alkyl-lead compounds in air and rain at rural and urban sites in central England during 1996 are reported. Vapour, aerosol and rain concentrations of individual tetra-, tri- and di-alkyl-lead species have been determined simultaneously at both sites, along with inorganic lead aerosol. The results show the predominance of vapour-phase over particle-associated species, with tetramethyl-lead being the most prevalent vapour-phase compound, with concentrations of up to 5.8 ng Pb m-3. Theoretical phase-partitioning coefficients for individual alkyl-lead compounds have been calculated and compared with measured values. Washout ratios for alkyl-lead compunds were found to be smaller than for inorganic lead. Atmospheric concentrations of both organic and inorganic lead appear to be falling, broadly in line with recent reductions in the use of alkyl-lead in gasoline. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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